analogismn.

Brit.

/əˈnalədʒɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/əˈnæləˌdʒɪzəm/

Forms: 1600s analogisme, 1600s– analogism.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin analogismus; Greek ἀναλογισμός.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin analogismus (1648 in the passage translated in quot. 1650 at sense 1a) and its etymon ancient Greek ἀναλογισμός proportionate calculation ( < ἀναλογίζεσθαι to reckon up, sum up, to calculate, to consider < ἀνάλογος (see analogon n.) + -ίζεσθαι -ize suffix) + -ισμός -ism suffix. Compare French analogisme reasoning by analogy (1721), abuse or inappropriate application of analogy (1752), German Analogismus correspondence (1682).

1. Originally and chiefly Logic.

a. The action or practice of reasoning by analogy; an instance of this. Cf. analogy n. 7b. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > by analogy

analogism1650

analogizinga1859

1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) 45 We shall..by a didactical or scientifical Analogism [L. didactico analogismo] demonstrate unto you, by what means the Magnetical attraction of the Unguent is performed.

1718 E. Strother Euodia i. 2 To build Practice upon a Sett of Observations only, is a hazardous Analogism.

1850 G. Field Analogy of Logic ii. iv. 302 The Disjunctive or Discursive Analogism which lies between the Categorical and Hypothetical modes, argues from Parities and similitudes.

1877 C. W. Shields Final Philos. i. iii. 194 Swedenborg, however, with his doctrine of correspondences, carried such analogism to the utmost limit.

1991 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 14 94/1 Eagleton draws attention to the fault of analogism.

†b. An argument from cause to effect; an instance of presumptive reasoning. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning

analogism1656

apriority1879

deductivism1908

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Analogism, a forcible argument, from the Cause to the Effect, implying an unanswerable necessity.

1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Analogisme, (Greek) a logical argument from the cause to the effect.

1677 E. Coles Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Analogism, an unanswerable argument, from the cause to the effect.

2. Mathematics. Mathematical proportion; a proportional. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [noun] > numerical elements of > constitution of

analogism1656

1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiii. 109 When four Magnitudes are..to one another in Geometrical Proportion, they are called Proportionals, and by some more briefly Analogisme.

1677 T. Baker Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 29 I work all..by analogism, bringing them to be wrought geometrically, he only arithmetically.

1981 Philos. Sci. 48 587 When this proportion of proportions is expressed as an equality, there results a proportion in the sense familiar to us—a four-term equation such as ^a/ _b = ^c/ _d or its variants. This he [sc. Hobbes] names an analogism or a proportional.

3. Medicine. Diagnosis or treatment of one disease by analogy with another. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis > specific methods of diagnosis

uromancy1569

uroscopy1646

waterology1654

analogism1663

succussion1747

mensuration1827

urinoscopy1836

urinalysis1867

uranalysis1889

skiagraphy1896

scatology1897

cytodiagnosis1900

cytology1902

radiodiagnosis1904

radiodiagnostics1904

urinomancy1904

iridology1916

iridiagnosis1918

iris diagnosis1921

xenodiagnosis1947

ultrasonography1960

telediagnosis1961

immunodiagnostics1970

1663 Hactenus Inaudita 10 Recourse must be had to a true Son of the Art, who walks the Via Regia on the Legs of Reason and Experience (to use Galen's similitude) and knows how to make use of the Crutch of Analogisme.

1738 J. Andree tr. P.-J. Desault Treat. Venereal Distemper 199 In order to learn the nature of it, we shall propose (1.) the Description of the Disease, and its Symptoms... (3.) the Analogism.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) A late anonymous writer has given a discourse on the Analogism of fevers.

1847 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 23 101 Epilogism, or analogism of the Empirics, was the application of the experience of known diseases to unknown by means of resemblances or analogies.

1861 E. Meryon Hist. Med. I. ii. 40 He embraced in his system the analogism of Serapion.

1929 A. J. Brock Greek Med. 16 Empiricism rejected not only Alexandrian analogy, but the whole theorising tendency of the orthodox Dogmatic or Rationalist school—their research for various kinds of causes..and their comparative method (analogism).

2002 I. Maclean Logic, Signs & Nature in Renaissance (2007) v. 160 This reading of the distinction..is somewhat different from that undertaken earlier by da Monte, for whom analogism is a ‘sort of relation of the particular to the universal’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	analogism
释义	analogismn. Brit. /əˈnalədʒɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /əˈnæləˌdʒɪzəm/ Forms: 1600s analogisme, 1600s– analogism. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin analogismus; Greek ἀναλογισμός. Etymology: < post-classical Latin analogismus (1648 in the passage translated in quot. 1650 at sense 1a) and its etymon ancient Greek ἀναλογισμός proportionate calculation ( < ἀναλογίζεσθαι to reckon up, sum up, to calculate, to consider < ἀνάλογος (see analogon n.) + -ίζεσθαι -ize suffix) + -ισμός -ism suffix. Compare French analogisme reasoning by analogy (1721), abuse or inappropriate application of analogy (1752), German Analogismus correspondence (1682). 1. Originally and chiefly Logic. a. The action or practice of reasoning by analogy; an instance of this. Cf. analogy n. 7b. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > [noun] > by analogy analogism1650 analogizinga1859 1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) 45 We shall..by a didactical or scientifical Analogism [L. didactico analogismo] demonstrate unto you, by what means the Magnetical attraction of the Unguent is performed. 1718 E. Strother Euodia i. 2 To build Practice upon a Sett of Observations only, is a hazardous Analogism. 1850 G. Field Analogy of Logic ii. iv. 302 The Disjunctive or Discursive Analogism which lies between the Categorical and Hypothetical modes, argues from Parities and similitudes. 1877 C. W. Shields Final Philos. i. iii. 194 Swedenborg, however, with his doctrine of correspondences, carried such analogism to the utmost limit. 1991 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 14 94/1 Eagleton draws attention to the fault of analogism. †b. An argument from cause to effect; an instance of presumptive reasoning. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning analogism1656 apriority1879 deductivism1908 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Analogism, a forcible argument, from the Cause to the Effect, implying an unanswerable necessity. 1658 E. Phillips New World Eng. Words Analogisme, (Greek) a logical argument from the cause to the effect. 1677 E. Coles Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Analogism, an unanswerable argument, from the cause to the effect. 2. Mathematics. Mathematical proportion; a proportional. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > [noun] > numerical elements of > constitution of analogism1656 1656 tr. T. Hobbes Elements Philos. ii. xiii. 109 When four Magnitudes are..to one another in Geometrical Proportion, they are called Proportionals, and by some more briefly Analogisme. 1677 T. Baker Let. in S. P. Rigaud & S. J. Rigaud Corr. Sci. Men 17th Cent. (1841) (modernized text) II. 29 I work all..by analogism, bringing them to be wrought geometrically, he only arithmetically. 1981 Philos. Sci. 48 587 When this proportion of proportions is expressed as an equality, there results a proportion in the sense familiar to us—a four-term equation such as ^a/ _b = ^c/ _d or its variants. This he [sc. Hobbes] names an analogism or a proportional. 3. Medicine. Diagnosis or treatment of one disease by analogy with another. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > [noun] > diagnosis > specific methods of diagnosis uromancy1569 uroscopy1646 waterology1654 analogism1663 succussion1747 mensuration1827 urinoscopy1836 urinalysis1867 uranalysis1889 skiagraphy1896 scatology1897 cytodiagnosis1900 cytology1902 radiodiagnosis1904 radiodiagnostics1904 urinomancy1904 iridology1916 iridiagnosis1918 iris diagnosis1921 xenodiagnosis1947 ultrasonography1960 telediagnosis1961 immunodiagnostics1970 1663 Hactenus Inaudita 10 Recourse must be had to a true Son of the Art, who walks the Via Regia on the Legs of Reason and Experience (to use Galen's similitude) and knows how to make use of the Crutch of Analogisme. 1738 J. Andree tr. P.-J. Desault Treat. Venereal Distemper 199 In order to learn the nature of it, we shall propose (1.) the Description of the Disease, and its Symptoms... (3.) the Analogism. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) A late anonymous writer has given a discourse on the Analogism of fevers. 1847 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 23 101 Epilogism, or analogism of the Empirics, was the application of the experience of known diseases to unknown by means of resemblances or analogies. 1861 E. Meryon Hist. Med. I. ii. 40 He embraced in his system the analogism of Serapion. 1929 A. J. Brock Greek Med. 16 Empiricism rejected not only Alexandrian analogy, but the whole theorising tendency of the orthodox Dogmatic or Rationalist school—their research for various kinds of causes..and their comparative method (analogism). 2002 I. Maclean Logic, Signs & Nature in Renaissance (2007) v. 160 This reading of the distinction..is somewhat different from that undertaken earlier by da Monte, for whom analogism is a ‘sort of relation of the particular to the universal’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1650
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