† evestn.

Forms: Old English aefist (Northumbrian), Old English æfæst, Old English æfesð (rare), Old English æfist (Northumbrian), Old English æfista (Northumbrian), Old English æfst, Old English æftes (genitive singular, probably transmission error), Old English æftum (dative plural, probably transmission error), Old English efest (rare), Old English–early Middle English æfest, Middle English enest (transmission error), Middle English enist (transmission error), Middle English enst (transmission error), Middle English euste, Middle English onst (transmission error).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian evēst , Middle Dutch aveonst , afhonst (compare Dutch afgunst ), Old Saxon avunst (compare Middle Low German afgunst ), Old High German abunst (Middle High German abunst ; compare German Abgunst ; now rare) < the Germanic base of of- prefix + a suffixed form of the Germanic base of unne v.; compare (with different ablaut grade) este n. Compare later eft n.²The ablaut (zero-grade) reflected by the Old High German and Old Saxon forms is consistent with the forms in Old English and Old Frisian, although it is sometimes alternatively suggested that these reflect an o -grade (as does este n.). In fact, doublet forms of the underlying Germanic base (with different ablaut and different suffixation) are reflected in the attested forms in several Germanic languages (see A. L. Lloyd & O. Springer Etymol. Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (1988) I. at anst). (The later forms in Dutch and German show alteration after (prefixed) cognates of i-unne v.) In English the word shows the effect of i-mutation, caused by the vowel of the inherited stem class (i -stem), and often also shows phonological reduction of the second element, probably because the formation was no longer transparent. Old English spellings as æft- are usually treated as transmission errors by editors, but compare later eft n.² The high incidence of transmission errors in manuscripts of Cursor Mundi suggests that the word was unfamiliar to the scribes.

Obsolete.

Envy, malice.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] > envy

evestOE

envyc1280

envioustya1382

viea1400

grudgingc1420

invyc1440

emulation1561

enviousness1561

envying1587

grudgement1845

begrudgery1874

the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun]

ondeeOE

evestOE

teenOE

hatingOE

envyc1300

eftc1325

maugrec1330

spitec1330

malicea1382

despitec1400

unkindnessc1400

malignec1475

wrokea1500

doggedness1530

despitefulness1535

cankeredness1538

venomy1548

livor1589

doggishness1622

viperousness1651

acid1768

Schadenfreude1895

bitchery1936

OE Cynewulf Elene 496 He..bæd þrymcyning þæt he him þa weadæd to wræce ne sette, þæt h[i]e for æfstum unscyldigne..Sawles larum feore beræddon.

OE tr. Theodulf of Orleans Capitula (Corpus Cambr.) xxxi. 357 An is gyfernes metes, oðer unrihthæmed.., fyfta ydel gylp, syxta æfest, seofoða yrre, eahtoða ofermedla.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 18552 Þe princes als his ful fas wid enst [read eust; Vesp. onst, read oust] and nith again his ras.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23138 In niþe and enest [read euest] and licheri.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23279 Þai þat war fild of enist [read euist].

c1400 Wit & Will F/9 (MED) Þat haues oende and euste til þar euencristen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	evest
释义	† evestn. Forms: Old English aefist (Northumbrian), Old English æfæst, Old English æfesð (rare), Old English æfist (Northumbrian), Old English æfista (Northumbrian), Old English æfst, Old English æftes (genitive singular, probably transmission error), Old English æftum (dative plural, probably transmission error), Old English efest (rare), Old English–early Middle English æfest, Middle English enest (transmission error), Middle English enist (transmission error), Middle English enst (transmission error), Middle English euste, Middle English onst (transmission error). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian evēst , Middle Dutch aveonst , afhonst (compare Dutch afgunst ), Old Saxon avunst (compare Middle Low German afgunst ), Old High German abunst (Middle High German abunst ; compare German Abgunst ; now rare) < the Germanic base of of- prefix + a suffixed form of the Germanic base of unne v.; compare (with different ablaut grade) este n. Compare later eft n.²The ablaut (zero-grade) reflected by the Old High German and Old Saxon forms is consistent with the forms in Old English and Old Frisian, although it is sometimes alternatively suggested that these reflect an o -grade (as does este n.). In fact, doublet forms of the underlying Germanic base (with different ablaut and different suffixation) are reflected in the attested forms in several Germanic languages (see A. L. Lloyd & O. Springer Etymol. Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen (1988) I. at anst). (The later forms in Dutch and German show alteration after (prefixed) cognates of i-unne v.) In English the word shows the effect of i-mutation, caused by the vowel of the inherited stem class (i -stem), and often also shows phonological reduction of the second element, probably because the formation was no longer transparent. Old English spellings as æft- are usually treated as transmission errors by editors, but compare later eft n.² The high incidence of transmission errors in manuscripts of Cursor Mundi suggests that the word was unfamiliar to the scribes. Obsolete. Envy, malice. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] > envy evestOE envyc1280 envioustya1382 viea1400 grudgingc1420 invyc1440 emulation1561 enviousness1561 envying1587 grudgement1845 begrudgery1874 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun] ondeeOE evestOE teenOE hatingOE envyc1300 eftc1325 maugrec1330 spitec1330 malicea1382 despitec1400 unkindnessc1400 malignec1475 wrokea1500 doggedness1530 despitefulness1535 cankeredness1538 venomy1548 livor1589 doggishness1622 viperousness1651 acid1768 Schadenfreude1895 bitchery1936 OE Cynewulf Elene 496 He..bæd þrymcyning þæt he him þa weadæd to wræce ne sette, þæt h[i]e for æfstum unscyldigne..Sawles larum feore beræddon. OE tr. Theodulf of Orleans Capitula (Corpus Cambr.) xxxi. 357 An is gyfernes metes, oðer unrihthæmed.., fyfta ydel gylp, syxta æfest, seofoða yrre, eahtoða ofermedla. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 18552 Þe princes als his ful fas wid enst [read eust; Vesp. onst, read oust] and nith again his ras. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23138 In niþe and enest [read euest] and licheri. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23279 Þai þat war fild of enist [read euist]. c1400 Wit & Will F/9 (MED) Þat haues oende and euste til þar euencristen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.OE
随便看	noncontact noncontact sport noncontact sports noncontact time noncontacts noncontagion noncontagionist noncontagious noncontagiousness noncontemporaneity noncontemporaneous noncontent noncontentious noncontentiously noncontents noncontiguity noncontiguous noncontingent noncontinuous noncontradiction noncontradictions noncontrastive noncontributor noncontributories noncontributory