sloughn.¹

/slaʊ/

Forms: α. Old English, Middle English sloh, Old English slog(h, Middle English slogh, sloghe ( sloghte); Middle English slowh, slowȝ ( slowȝe); Middle English slouhe, slouȝ(e, Middle English– slough (1500s sloughe), Middle English sclough, 1800s Scottish slouch. β. Middle English, 1500s–1600s slowe, Middle English–1700s slow. γ. Old English, Middle English slo, Middle English, 1800s dialect sloo. (See also slew n.¹)

Etymology: Old English slóh (slóg , sló ), of doubtful origin; perhaps ultimately related to slonk n.

a. A piece of soft, miry, or muddy ground; esp. a place or hole in a road or way filled with wet mud or mire and impassable by heavy vehicles, horses, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough

sloughc900

mooreOE

letch1138

mire1219

sougha1300

dew1377

slop?a1400

flashc1440

slothc1440

slonk1488

slot?a1500

rilling1610

slab1610

water-gall1657

slunkc1700

slack1719

mudhole1721

bog-hole1788

spew1794

wetness1805

stabble1821

slob1836

sludge1839

soak1839

mudbath1856

squire-trap1859

loblolly1865

glue-pot1892

swelter1894

poaching1920

α.

c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. vi. 400 Þæt hors..sume sloh on þæm wæge mid swiðþran ræse oferhleop.

a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xlvi. 239 Ðeah se man nime ænne stan and lecge on ful sloh.

1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 142 Of the welles brinke Or of the pet or of the slowh.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 15826 Forþ þei ihesus drowȝe And lugged him.. ouer hilles dale & slowȝe.

c1400 Destr. Troy 13547 Wanto the lond, Thurgh the slicche and the slyme in þis slogh feble.

1483 Cath. Angl. 345/1 A Sloghte, tesquum, vel tesqua, volutabrum.

c1500 God Speed the Plough 14 By downe and by dale and many a slough.

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. xix. 114/1, in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Manie a slough [would] proue hard ground that yet is deepe and hollow.

1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 82 Many a time enclos'd in the midst of sloughs and quagmires.

1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 9 They drew near to a very Miry Slough... The name of the Slow was Dispond.

1732 J. Swift Let. to Brandreth 30 June in J. Barrett Ess. Earlier Life Swift (1808) 178 Every meadow a slough, and every hill a mixture of rock, heath, and marsh.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 5 One who.., having long in miry ways been foil'd.., from slough to slough Plunging [etc.].

1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate iii An old-fashioned road, which, preferring ascents to sloughs, was led in a straight line.

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. ii. 13 The sloughs were exceedingly mucky.

in extended use.1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xvi. 187 And then piloted my dogs out of their slough.1890 E. H. Barker Wayfaring in France 27 Sand sloughs into which they may step unawares.β. c1386 G. Chaucer Manciple's Prol. (Hengwrt) 64 He hath also to do moore than ynow To kepen hym and his capil out of the Slow.a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 6075 Into theo mores they heom drowe, To quede paththes, to quede slowe.1537 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 132 Mendyng the fowle slowys betwene thys my howse and Reuyttes gate.1642 D. Rogers Naaman 558 To lie as a beast in a slow. 1678 [see α. ]. 1710 True Acct. Last Distemper T. Whigg ii. 44 Breaking his Horse's Back as he plung'd into a Slow.γ. a1000 in Birch Sax. Chartul. I. 530 Of þan slo to þan lytlan beorhe.a1000 in Birch Sax. Chartul. II. 41 In readan sloe. c1250 [see sense 1b]. a1300 Assump. Virg. 507 Cast we it in a foule sloo.c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 267 Now is my cart out of the sloo parde!c1425 Castle Persev. 2242 in Macro Plays Lete slynge hem in a fowle slo.1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 13597 By brookys and by sloos fowle, A-mong the clay they hym dyffoule.1891 R. P. Chope Dial. Hartland, Devonshire at Slough A bye-road at H. is called Sloo Road, and an adjoining field Sloo Park.]

b. figurative. A state or condition (esp. of moral degradation) in which a person, etc., sinks or has sunk.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > [noun] > condition of being degraded

lowness?c1225

sloughc1250

degradedness1883

c1250 Owl & Night. 1394 Vor mony wymmon haueþ mysdo Þat aryst vp of þe slo.

c1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxix. 3 Wha sa gifis þaim til lustis of fleysse.., þai light in þe sloghe, and þai ere enmys of Jesu crist.

1415 T. Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 105 Ryse vp, a manly knyght, out of the slow Of heresie.

c1425 Castle Persev. 2757 in Macro Plays Þus hast þou gotyn, in synful slo, of þyne neygboris, be extorcyon.

1593 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Boethius De Consolatione Philosophiæ in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) iv. pr. iii. 81 See you not in what a great slowe [L. cæno] wicked thinges be wrapt in.

1632 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 105 For this man Carrier when he talks of religion he is in a slowe.

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 12 Ambition, Avarice! the two Dœmons, these Which goad thro' every Slough our Human Herd.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 396 To take the adventurous leaps of folly, or plunge into the sloughs of vice.

1823 T. Roscoe tr. J. C. L. de Sismondi Hist. Lit. Europe I. ix. 376 A disgusting slough swallows up those who have abandoned themselves to their choleric passions.

1850 H. Martineau Introd. Hist. Peace (1877) III. iv. ix. 35 The clergy sank into a deeper slough of popular hatred.

1888 H. Morten Sketches Hosp. Life 22 It had..lifted her out of the miserable slough in which marriage had landed her.

c. Slough of Despond n. after Bunyan's use (see sense 1a and despond n.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > [noun]

forlornnessc825

unhope?c1225

wanhope1297

speir13..

wantrokingc1350

mishopea1400

desperacy1629

Slough of Despond1776

hopelessness1853

unhopefulness1868

1776 Twining in Country Clergyman of the 18th C. (1882) 31 I remember slumping all on a sudden into the slough of despond, and closing my letter in the dumps.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian i, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 47 The miry Slough of Despond, which yawns for insolvent debtors.

1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 12 If one individual..were to raise himself out of such a slough of despond.

1884 H. R. Haweis My Musical Life I. 137 Musical criticism has been in the same Slough of Despond.

2. The matter of which a slough is composed; soft mud or mire. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > mud > [noun] > thin or soft

addleOE

slougha1225

mirec1390

slurc1440

slurryc1440

sludge1702

slush1772

slop1796

slosh1808

stabble1821

sposh1836

sleck1840

flop1844

squad1847

slather1876

a1225 Leg. Kath. 1662 Euch strete..bute sloh & slec, eauer iliche sumerlich.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xiii. 179 Bote yf þe sed þat sowen is in þe sloh sterue, Shal neuere spir springen vp.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1964 (MED) Also ȝe ete of no flesshe elles þat in slouȝe & erþe dwelles.

1732 J. Swift Let. to Brandreth 30 June in J. Barrett Ess. Earlier Life Swift (1808) 179 You can't..ride half a mile without being in slough to your saddle-skirts.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 214 Covered over with weeds, slough, and all the filth of the sea.

1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 71 A Hole, which was immediately filled up with Slough.

3. A ditch, dike, or drain; also, a cart rut. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch

dikec893

gripa1000

ditch1045

fosselOE

water-furrowlOE

sow1316

furrowc1330

rick1332

sewer1402

gripplec1440

soughc1440

grindle1463

sheugh1513

syre1513

rain?1523

trench1523

slough1532

drain1552

fowsie?1553

thorougha1555

rean1591

potting1592

trink1592

syver1606

graft1644

work1649

by-ditch1650

water fence1651

master drain1652

rode1662

pudge1671

gripe1673

sulcus1676

rhine1698

rilling1725

mine1743

foot trench1765

through1777

trench drain1779

trenchlet1782

sunk fence1786

float1790

foot drain1795

tail-drain1805

flow-dike1812

groopa1825

holla1825

thorough drain1824

yawner1832

acequia madre1835

drove1844

leader1844

furrow-drain1858

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > for carts > rut in

wheel-spurc1440

cart-spur1483

fossea1500

slough1532

wheel-track1552

wheel-rut1598

cart-rut1601

wheel-tread1735

cart-ruck1820

ruck1820

cart-track1824

1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. Househ. (1768) 67 Thinke you than that we do not make the dyches and sloughes in the fieldes for a good cause?

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Carreggista, the rut or slough of a cart wheele.

1640 G. Abbot Whole Bk. Iob Paraphr. xxviii. 169/1 By his labour and skill he cuts out passages & sloughs in the hard and stony rocks.

1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 956 In the Bog, observe which way the little Sloughs run; be sure to cut their drains across them.

4. North American./sluː/. = slew n.¹ Also, a side channel of a river, or a natural channel that is only sporadically filled with water.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > other types

pene-lake1668

salina1697

slough1714

salt lake1763

bayou1766

lagoon1769

cut-off1773

prairie1820

maar1826

boating lake1834

serpentine1837

soda lake1839

bitter lake1843

stream-lake1867

shott1878

crater-lake1879

playa1885

oxbow lake1887

kettle-hole lake1902

mortlake1902

oxbow1902

seepage lake1934

paternoster lake1942

soda pan1976

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > other types

weelc897

lowa1200

sougha1300

plungec1450

Sabbatical pool1613

slough1714

tinaja1835

rock pool1836

pokelogan1848

salmon pool1866

plunge pool1870

Strandbad1939

solar pool1960

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun]

pooleOE

seathc950

lakea1000

flosha1300

stanga1300

weira1300

water poolc1325

carrc1330

stamp1338

stank1338

ponda1387

flashc1440

stagnec1470

peel?a1500

sole15..

danka1522

linn1577

sound1581

flake1598

still1681

slew1708

splash1760

watering hole1776

vlei1793

jheel1805

slougha1817

sipe1825

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater

wash1530

by-river1577

by-stream1615

float1629

slew1708

by-rilla1711

marigot1759

off-stream1793

slougha1817

spreader1845

backwater1863

by-water1863

by-channel1864

billabong1865

1714 Rep. Record Commissioners (Boston Registry Dept.) (1877) III. 217 Between his old house & the Slough or Small Bridge.

a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 142 The slough will be covered with a causey; and the marsh, by draining, be converted into a meadow.

1858 W. P. Blake Rep. Geol. Reconnaissance in California i. 10 There lay outstretched the broad and green Tulares—great swamps or lowlands overgrown with rushes and threaded by the sinuous channels and sloughs of the river.

1859 Brit. Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 17 Dec. 3/2 At Old Langley, the slough is entirely frozen up.

1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting viii. 128 Mallards breed in small numbers in the various swamps and sloughs of the Western country.

1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 109 Oftentimes the current cuts out a deep ‘slough’, or sluice, within reach of high water mark... It forms a space of smooth water between the outer and inner breakers.

1888 D. M. Gordon Mountain & Prairie 143 At the same time there are many sloughs, or ‘slews’ so-called, where part of the river flows by some devious and half-hidden course.

1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 29 I went over head and ears into a slough, a long narrow stretch of water formed by a depression in the prairie.

1913 B. F. Thomas & D. A. Watt Improvem. Rivers (ed. 2) i. i. 30 In valleys with narrow bottom lands the result is a slough or drain close to the hills which returns the water to the main channel further down, one slough succeeding another along the valley.

1924 M. H. Mason Arctic Forests 225 There was an Indian toboggan trail on the long slough, past Jenny Island up to the eight-mile point.

1932 C. R. Longwell et al. Textbk. Geol. I. iii. 60 Most [short cuts]..are abandoned as the flood subsides and are left as sloughs, which are slowly undercut as the meander shifts downstream.

1939 W. Häntzschel in P. D. Trask Recent Marine Sediments iii. 202 The sloughs (Priele) on the tidal flats are comparable to rivers and brooks.

1939 W. Häntzschel in P. D. Trask Recent Marine Sediments iii. 202 Where the range in tides in Jade Bay is as high as 3·6 meters, the sloughs are deeply incised.

1962 W. Stegner Wolf Willow i. i. 8 In deep sloughs tules have rooted, and every such pond is dignified with mating mallards.

1970 Leopold & Wolman in G. H. Dury Rivers & River Terraces vii. 199 Opposite the gravel island is a slough aligned with a grassed depression. Both features undoubtedly carry water during flood flow.

1974 P. Gzowski Bk. about this Country 20 I remember seeing a bunch of geese sitting in a little slough.

1976 Prof. Paper U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 929. 150/2 The ecological model is designed to relate the wildlife in the Shark River Slough to the availability of food and water.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

slough-cake n.

ΚΠ

1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. ii. 13 The great blunderbuss..was choked with a dollop of slough-cake.

slough-water n.

ΚΠ

1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting ix. 150 Lager-beer..is much better to drink than slough-water.

C2.

slough bass n. a black bass of the genus Micropterus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Centrarchidae (sun-fish) > [noun] > member of genus Micropterus (black bass)

trout1604

black perch1685

Welshman1709

Oswego bass1758

river bass1820

Oswego1857

ringeye1877

slough bass1877

small-mouthed bass1877

smallmouth1880

smallmouth bass1880

smallmouth black bass1880

small-mouthed black bass1881

trout-perch1883

bronze-backer1888

smallie1952

1877 C. Hallock Sportsman's Gazetteer 276 Locally they are termed perch..slough bass, etc.

1881 J. A. Henshall Bk. Black Bass 142 Slough Bass.

1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 56 ‘Marsh Bass,’..‘Slough Bass,’..are other names applied to one or both species [of black bass].

slough grass n. one of several coarse grasses of swampy ground, esp. a species of the genus Muhlenbergia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > names applied to various aquatic grasses

starc1300

flaga1387

water grass1585

sword-grass1598

spire-grass1626

star-grass1782

slough grass1861

slough hay1934

1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 488 Then [I] make a band of whatever material I have at hand, (slough grass is preferable).

1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. 455 Muhlenbergia glomerata and M. Mexicana constitute the ‘Fine Slough Grass’ of the Mississippi valley prairies.

1907 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. II. 454/1 In wet and swampy places, slough-grass (Spartina) furnishes a supply of coarse hay.

1980 Country Life 13 Nov. 1819/3 The hay is made of wild slough grass.

slough hay n. Canadian (hay made from) slough grass.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > hay or straw

hayc825

strawc1000

pease-strawa1325

bean-strawc1386

hard meat1481

quitch?1523

meadow1557

pease-bolt1573

salt hay1648

stover1669

barley-straw1678

marsh hay1728

pea straw1735

chaff1772

long forage1794

bog-hay1799

bhusa1829

peavine hay1846

tibbin1900

slough hay1934

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > names applied to various aquatic grasses

starc1300

flaga1387

water grass1585

sword-grass1598

spire-grass1626

star-grass1782

slough grass1861

slough hay1934

1934 G. Bettany Valley of Lost Gold 264 In the tall slough hay beside them orange lilies raised their heads waist high.

1948 T. Onraet Down North 135 I have often seen them kneeling on their forelegs to feed in comfort on short willows and slough hay.

1955 Sentinel-Courier (Pilot Mound, Manitoba) 31 Mar. 4/1 (advt.) For sale—Baled slough hay, wire tied.

1968 S. E. Roberts Of Us & Oxen ii. 14 This ‘slough hay’ is said to be less nutritious than the ‘upland hay’ cut from buffalo grass.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

sloughn.²

/slʌf/

Forms: Middle English slohu, slouh, Middle English sloȝ, Middle English, 1600s slow; Middle English slughe, Middle English slught, Middle English, 1600s slugh; Middle English slouȝe, 1500s–1600s sloughe, 1500s slougth, 1500s– slough, 1700s sluf, 1800s dialect sluff; Scottish1500s slouch(t, slowch, sluich, 1800s sloch.

Etymology: Middle English type sloh, sloȝ, of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Low German sluwe, slu husk, peel, shell.

a. The outer or scarf skin periodically cast or shed by a snake, adder, or similar reptile; also generally, the skin of a serpent, eel, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > parts of > skin or scale

slougha1300

scutella1771

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > parts of > skin or scale > slough

slougha1300

spoil1601

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Anguilliformes > member of family Muraenidae (eel) > skin of

slougha1300

a1300 Cursor Mundi 745 Þis nedder forth þat he ne blan Bot in hijs slught [v.rr. slohu, slouȝe] was self satan.

a1400–50 Alexander 5085 Fellis of fischis..with lions on lyue & lamprays sloȝis.

1483 Cath. Angl. 345/2 Slughes of eddyrs.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. viii. 60 Lyke to the eddir..[that has] Now slippit hir sloucht with schyning skyn new brerd.

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 304 The slough of the Viper cureth the Ring-worme.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 229 As the Snake, roll'd in a flowring Banke, With shining checker'd slough .

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. iii. 49 The Slough of an English Viper.

1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. ix. i. 438 Although he missed seeing the Serpents..yet he saw great numbers of their Exuviæ, or Slufs.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 99 If the old slough be then viewed, every scale will be distinctly seen.

1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 138 The continuity is well seen in the cast skin or slough of the Snake.

1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 182 A slough when perfect is an exact copy of the exterior of the Snake from which it came.

b. The skin of a caterpillar, locust, etc. cast in the course of transformation, as from the nymphal to the imago stage.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > eggs or young > [noun] > young or development of young > pupa or chrysalis > case or puparium > slough

slough1681

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. vii. iii. 176 A very large Aurelia and Slough of a Silk-Worme.

1818 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (ed. 2) II. xvi. 16 The moisture that remained upon them [i.e. locusts] after casting their sloughs.

c. figurative. A feature, quality, etc. which is thrown off.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [noun] > giving up (a habit) > a habit or usual feature cast off

slough1583

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cxxi. 744 Vnlesse she..haue put her old bringing vp quite out of her minde, yea and euen cast her slough as they say.

1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida i. sig. B2 Can man by no meanes creepe out of himselfe, And leaue the slough of viperous griefe behinde?

1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 54 Are we to give them..the slough of slavery, which we are not able to work off, to serve them for their freedom?

1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. xiv. 121 He casts the slough of sedentary confinement.

1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 38 The barbarians..had early cast off the slough of their rude manners.

1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 177 The mountain there has cast his cloudy slough.

d. Apparel, clothing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun]

clothesc888

hattersOE

shroudc1000

weedOE

shrouda1122

clothc1175

hatteringa1200

atourc1220

back-clout?c1225

habit?c1225

clothingc1275

cleadinga1300

dubbinga1300

shroudinga1300

attirec1300

coverturec1300

suitc1325

apparel1330

buskingc1330

farec1330

harness1340

tire1340

backs1341

geara1350

apparelmentc1374

attiringa1375

vesturec1385

heelinga1387

vestmentc1386

arraya1400

graitha1400

livery1399

tirementa1400

warnementa1400

arrayment1400

parelc1400

werlec1400

raiment?a1425

robinga1450

rayc1450

implements1454

willokc1460

habiliment1470

emparelc1475

atourement1481

indumenta1513

reparel1521

wearing gear1542

revesture1548

claesc1550

case1559

attirement1566

furniture1566

investuring1566

apparelling1567

dud1567

hilback1573

wear1576

dress1586

enfolding1586

caparison1589

plight1590

address1592

ward-ware1598

garnish1600

investments1600

ditement1603

dressing1603

waith1603

thing1605

vestry1606

garb1608

outwall1608

accoutrementa1610

wearing apparel1617

coutrement1621

vestament1632

vestiment1637

equipage1645

cask1646

aguise1647

back-timbera1656

investiture1660

rigging1664

drapery1686

vest1694

plumage1707

bussingc1712

hull1718

paraphernalia1736

togs1779

body clothing1802

slough1808

toggery1812

traps1813

garniture1827

body-clothes1828

garmenture1832

costume1838

fig1839

outfit1840

vestiture1841

outer womana1845

outward man1846

vestiary1846

rag1855

drag1870

clo'1874

parapherna1876

clobber1879

threads1926

mocker1939

schmatte1959

vine1959

kit1989

1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. vii. 326 For now that sable slough is shed,..I scarcely know me in the glass.

1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iv. 147 I did but wait to cast my riding slough.

1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. v. 68 While those..get rid of their slough, and doff their riding-suits.

a. A skin, caul, or membrane, enclosing or covering the body or some part of it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily substance > membrane > [noun]

rimeOE

hameOE

skina1398

caul1398

shrine1398

tunicle1398

panniclea1400

pelliculea1400

slougha1400

membrane?a1425

pellicle?a1425

pellet?1440

enfolder1545

kell1545

involucre1578

skinlet1598

striffena1612

swathe1615

veil1639

tunic1661

swath-band1668

involucruma1676

wall1682

panniculus1702

theca1807

a1400 Hampole's Pr. Consc. 520 Bot a rym [v.rr. slow, slouh] þat es ful wlatsome,..Þat es noght bot a blody skyn Þat he [man] byfor was lapped in.

a1400–50 Alexander 4456 Þus make ȝe vessels in vayne to ȝoure foule corses,..Þat ilk slymand slugh.

1486 Bk. St. Albans, Hunting f iij b Than shall ye slyt the slough ther as the hert lith.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 142 I was flayd with a swevyn—My hart out of sloghe!

1597 King James VI & I Daemonologie iii. i. 62 As to their [werwolves] hauing and hyding of their hard & schellie sloughes.

a1599 R. Rollock Serm. in Sel. Wks. (1849) I. 385 Na creature..can tak aff the slouch of thy hart to let thee see.

b. An enclosing or covering layer, coat, or sheath of some kind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer

rindOE

cloth1398

tayc1440

skina1475

coat1567

slough1610

hulling1708

surtout1732

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 556 By reason that under the upper crust of the earth there is limestone which supplieth a batling fruitfull slugh, or humour.

?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse iii. sig. F1^v No slough of falling Starr did euer hitt, Vppon this Banke.

1720 A. Ramsay Poems 349 With Heart hool'd in three Sloughs of Brass.

c. dialect. The outer skin of certain fruits; a husk.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > parts of > skin or roughening of skin

rindeOE

skina1398

peel?a1450

pill1530

shell1561

peeling1598

sloughc1660

russet1817

epicarp1819

exocarp1845

russeting1851

shuck1869

c1660 in Select Biogr. (Wodrow Soc.) I. 265 Such a crosse is mine, and the sweet kirnell of the blessing under the sour slough that is without.

1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 65 A Slough, a Husk; it is pronounced sluffe.

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 159 Sluffs, the skins of all such fruit as gooseberries and currants are called sluffs or sloughs.

3. Pathology. A layer or mass of dead tissue or flesh formed on the surface of a wound, sore, or inflammation; a sphacelus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > slough

slough1513

eschar1543

sloughiness1788

sloughing1800

sphacelus1881

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. x. 83 The clud..That on ȝour mortale ene..Lyke to ane wattery slowch standis dyme about.

1639 J. Woodall Treat. Gangrena in Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 409 The first eskers or cadaverous sloughes being remooved.

1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. i. xxi. 98 The matter of the Humour..may be arsenical, as appears by the Sloughs we sometimes find made in a night.

1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 97/2 Gun shot wounds are commonly covered from the beginning with deep sloughs.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 61/2 The inflammation..producing..sloughs of the adipose tissue.

1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 49 A slough is formed, which becomes isolated from the living textures and undergoes a process of separation.

figurative.1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 53 From scalp to sole one slough and crust of sin.in combination.1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes 116 Crumpled shreds and shards of slough-like incrustations.1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 488 The discharge appears so to cling to the sore surface as to form a thick slough-like yellow pellicle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† sloughn.³

Obsolete. rare.

(See quot. 1647.)

ΚΠ

1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 33 The false scabberd of a Princes tough Metall, and three-pil'd darknesse, like the slough Of an imprisoned flame. [Note] A damp, in Cole-pits usuall.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

sloughn.⁴

/slʌf/

Forms: Also sluff.

Etymology: apparently < slough v.²

(See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > movement under gravity or water

land-rushc1550

slide1664

landslip1679

pitting1686

rockfall?1797

shoot1820

landslide1822

run1827

mountain slide1830

slip1838

slough1838

mudslide1848

founder1882

creep1889

soil-creep1897

rock creep1902

slump1905

solifluction1906

slumping1907

slopewash1938

sludging1946

mass wasting1951

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > slope

rise1672

upgo1672

pitch1719

slough1838

bajada1866

pitching1903

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 144/2 Preventing those sloughs, or slipping at the foot of the materials, which may be observed on most large embankments.

1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxix. 376 The cliff vein..terminates in what the miners here [i.e. in Pembroke] call a ‘slough’, i.e., it is bent suddenly downwards, accompanied on each side by the usual measures.

1908 Daily Chron. 16 Dec. 1/2 Two seconds afterwards the sluff came down in hundreds of tons.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

sloughn.⁵

/slaʊ/

Forms: Also 1800s sloo, sloe.

Etymology: Corresponds to Norwegian slo, Icelandic sló (whence the Shetland form sloe), but the currency of the word in south-western dialect is remarkable.

(See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > projection on head > horn > core of horn

flint1712

slough1721

colk1781

core1842

horn-core1872

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > (parts of) horn

ox-horna1398

slough1721

slug-horna1825

slug1842

scur1882

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Slough,..the spungy or porous Substance in the Inside of the Horns of Oxen or Cows.

1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. Sloo of a horn, the inner bony prominence from the skull, or quick part of a cow's horn, which bleeds when broken.

1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 300/2 Dry materials:..Horn ‘sloughs’ (the pith or core of horns).

1890 in J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester 142.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

sloughv.¹

/slaʊ/

Etymology: < slough n.¹

a. transitive. In passive: To be swallowed (up) in a slough.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink > sink into a soft surface > into mud

mire?1590

slough1861

1861 in Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (1911) 16 Apr. 1/6 Several of the wagons while conveying passengers and freight from the steamer on Sunday night became sloughed and the passengers were compelled to ‘foot it’ to town.

1904 E. A. Ormerod Econ. Entomologist v. 38 Another time somebody..got nearly sloughed up in one of the great marsh ditches.

b. slang. To imprison, to lock (up). Usually in passive.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > imprison [verb (transitive)]

beclosec1000

setc1100

steekc1175

prison?c1225

adightc1275

imprison1297

laya1325

keepc1330

presentc1380

locka1400

throwc1422

commise1480

clapc1530

shop1548

to lay up1565

incarcerate1575

embar1590

immure1598

hole1608

trunk1608

to keep (a person) darka1616

carceir1630

enjaila1631

pocket1631

bridewell1733

bastille1745

cage1805

quod1819

bag1824

carcerate1839

to send down1840

jug1841

slough1848

to send up1852

to put away1859

warehouse1881

roundhouse1889

smug1896

to bang up1950

1848 Ladies' Repository Oct. 317/1 Slough, to lock.

1894 ‘J. Flynt’ in Cent. Mag. Feb. 518/2 I've boozed around this town..for seven years, and I've not been sloughed up yet.

1926 J. Black You can't Win vii. 87 They'll..haul us over to Martinez..an' slough us in the county jail.

1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 108/2 Sloughed, arrested.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

sloughv.²

/slʌf/

Etymology: < slough n.²

a. intransitive. Of diseased skin, tissue, etc.: To come away or off, to be shed, as a slough.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > of skin: become disordered [verb (intransitive)] > shed or slough

slough1720

1720 J. Quincy tr. N. Hodges Loimologia v. 138 Those which went no further than the Skin, would oftentimes slough off.

1787 Med. Communications 2 160 A large portion of the integuments..sloughed away.

1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 269 The injured part of the artery sloughed off with the ligature.

1847 W. C. L. Martin Ox 160/2 The diseased part..sloughs away, and new and healthy skin is reproduced.

figurative and in extended use.1857 P. H. Gosse Omphalos vii. 131 Every one of these scars indicates where a leaf has grown..and whence, after death and decay, it at length sloughed away.1886 Boston Jrnl. 7 Aug. 1/9 The situation improved up to the time the eight-hour agitation began, when trade sloughed off and became dull.

b. To become covered or encrusted with a slough; to form or develop necrosed tissue.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (intransitive)] > be injured > be wounded > slough

slough1787

1787 Med. Communications 2 160 It was evident that some part of the urethra had also sloughed.

1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 54 The exposed tumour inflamed and sloughed progressively, till it entirely came away.

1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 319 The columna..sloughed from the fourth day, and was removed with the scissors.

1880 W. MacCormac Antiseptic Surg. 14 In the other case of protracted recovery, a large portion of skin sloughed.

figurative.1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 49 [To] seek from gross hearts, slough'd in sin, Approval of pure Love to win.

2. transitive. To eat away, to throw off, by the formation of a slough or sloughs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > slough

slough1762

1762 R. Guy Pract. Observ. Cancers 48 Four large Ulcers were sloughing the Breast away.

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 612 The portion of the vertebra which has been cut through will have to be sloughed off before the wound can heal.

a. Of a serpent or similar reptile: To cast or shed (the skin) as a slough; to exuviate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [verb (intransitive)] > shed skin

slough1845

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [verb (transitive)] > shed skin

avoid1692

slough1845

1845 [see sense 3b].

1854 M. Howitt Pict. Cal. Seasons 427 About the middle of the month [September] the common snake sloughs or casts its skin.

1870 P. Gillmore tr. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds i. 13 Reptiles..slough their old covering, or in other words cast their skin.

absolute.1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. iii. 132 The serpent that hath slough'd will slough again.1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 231 Young Snakes slough more frequently than their older relatives do.

b. figurative. To cast off, drop, discard, give up, get rid of (something). Also with off.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)]

to let awaya1000

forcast?c1225

to lay downc1275

forthrow1340

flita1375

removea1382

to cast away1382

understrewc1384

castc1390

to lay awaya1400

to lay asidec1440

slingc1440

warpiss1444

to lay from, offc1480

way-put1496

depose1526

to lay apart1526

to put off1526

to set apart1530

to turn up1541

abandonate?1561

devest1566

dispatch1569

decarta1572

discard1578

to make away1580

to fling away1587

to cast off1597

doff1599

cashier1603

to set by1603

moult1604

excuss1607

retorta1616

divest1639

deposit1646

disentail1667

dismiss1675

slough1845

shed1856

jettison1869

shake1872

offload1900

junk1911

dump1919

sluff1934

bin1940

to put down1944

shitcan1973

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > give up a habit or practice [verb (transitive)]

leaveeOE

forsakec1175

waive1340

twinc1386

refuse1389

to set aside1426

relinquish1454

abuse1471

renouncec1480

disaccustom1483

to break from1530

to lay aside1530

disprofess1590

dropa1616

to set bya1674

decline1679

unpractise?1680

slough1845

shake1872

sluff1934

kick1936

(a)

1845 T. De Quincey Suspiria de Profundis in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 283/1 I saw a ewe suddenly put off and abjure her own nature, in a service of love—yes, slough it as completely, as ever serpent sloughed his skin.

1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xxii, in Writings I. 226 With such change, he cannot but slough much of the bad reputation..fixed upon him.

1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career II. xvi. 287 Nevil will slough his craze.

(b)1848 Ld. Houghton Life & Lett. Keats I. 23 The wonder is rather that he sloughed off so fast, so many of his offending peculiarities.1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ii. §112 Why does the Gulf Stream slough off and cast upon its outer edge, sea-weed, drift-wood [etc.]?1873 T. Hardy Pair of Blue Eyes II. i. 3 She could slough off a sadness and replace it by a hope.

4. To take off in grinding.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > grind corn [verb (transitive)] > take off bran

slough1844

1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 353 The small bran..is only generated after the large bran has been sloughed off.

5. intransitive. Of soil, rock, etc.: to fall away or slide down into an adjoining hole or depression.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [verb (intransitive)] > fall in

flounder1774

run1802

slough1897

1897 W. Starling Floods of Mississippi i. 14/1 Water leaking through the old bank infiltrates the new earth and it sloughs away bodily.

1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 30 As though the whole mound had stooped roaring down at him—the entire overhang sloughed.

1955 Hennes & Ekse Fund. Transportation Engin. ii. 30 The processes of weathering tend to loosen surface material and cause it to slough and drift down any slope greater than the angle of repose of the dry loose material.

1957 A. C. Clarke Deep Range v. 54 Sometimes, in deep ocean waters far from the eternal rain of silt which sloughs down from the edges of the continents, it was possible to see as much as two hundred feet.

1974 P. L. Moore et al. Drilling Pract. Man. iii. 46 Shale sloughs into the hole.

Derivatives

sloughed adj.

/slʌft/

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hide > cast or shed

sloughed1857

1857 P. H. Gosse Omphalos ix. 248 (note) ‘The rattle is cast annually’ with the sloughed skin.

1897 W. Starling Floods of Mississippi i. 14/1 A good thick dressing of brush is laid on the sloughed mass.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

n.¹c900

n.²a1300

n.³1647

n.⁴1838

n.⁵1721

v.¹1848

v.²1720

单词	slough
释义	sloughn.¹ /slaʊ/ Forms: α. Old English, Middle English sloh, Old English slog(h, Middle English slogh, sloghe ( sloghte); Middle English slowh, slowȝ ( slowȝe); Middle English slouhe, slouȝ(e, Middle English– slough (1500s sloughe), Middle English sclough, 1800s Scottish slouch. β. Middle English, 1500s–1600s slowe, Middle English–1700s slow. γ. Old English, Middle English slo, Middle English, 1800s dialect sloo. (See also slew n.¹) Etymology: Old English slóh (slóg , sló ), of doubtful origin; perhaps ultimately related to slonk n. 1. a. A piece of soft, miry, or muddy ground; esp. a place or hole in a road or way filled with wet mud or mire and impassable by heavy vehicles, horses, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > marsh, bog, or swamp > [noun] > wet place, mire, or slough sloughc900 mooreOE letch1138 mire1219 sougha1300 dew1377 slop?a1400 flashc1440 slothc1440 slonk1488 slot?a1500 rilling1610 slab1610 water-gall1657 slunkc1700 slack1719 mudhole1721 bog-hole1788 spew1794 wetness1805 stabble1821 slob1836 sludge1839 soak1839 mudbath1856 squire-trap1859 loblolly1865 glue-pot1892 swelter1894 poaching1920 α. c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) v. vi. 400 Þæt hors..sume sloh on þæm wæge mid swiðþran ræse oferhleop. a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xlvi. 239 Ðeah se man nime ænne stan and lecge on ful sloh. 1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 142 Of the welles brinke Or of the pet or of the slowh. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 15826 Forþ þei ihesus drowȝe And lugged him.. ouer hilles dale & slowȝe. c1400 Destr. Troy 13547 Wanto the lond, Thurgh the slicche and the slyme in þis slogh feble. 1483 Cath. Angl. 345/1 A Sloghte, tesquum, vel tesqua, volutabrum. c1500 God Speed the Plough 14 By downe and by dale and many a slough. 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) i. xix. 114/1, in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Manie a slough [would] proue hard ground that yet is deepe and hollow. 1670 J. Milton Hist. Brit. ii. 82 Many a time enclos'd in the midst of sloughs and quagmires. 1678 J. Bunyan Pilgrim's Progress 9 They drew near to a very Miry Slough... The name of the Slow was Dispond. View more context for this quotation 1732 J. Swift Let. to Brandreth 30 June in J. Barrett Ess. Earlier Life Swift (1808) 178 Every meadow a slough, and every hill a mixture of rock, heath, and marsh. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 5 One who.., having long in miry ways been foil'd.., from slough to slough Plunging [etc.]. 1827 W. Scott Chron. Canongate iii An old-fashioned road, which, preferring ascents to sloughs, was led in a straight line. 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. ii. 13 The sloughs were exceedingly mucky. in extended use.1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xvi. 187 And then piloted my dogs out of their slough.1890 E. H. Barker Wayfaring in France 27 Sand sloughs into which they may step unawares.β. c1386 G. Chaucer Manciple's Prol. (Hengwrt) 64 He hath also to do moore than ynow To kepen hym and his capil out of the Slow.a1400 K. Alis. (W.) 6075 Into theo mores they heom drowe, To quede paththes, to quede slowe.1537 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 132 Mendyng the fowle slowys betwene thys my howse and Reuyttes gate.1642 D. Rogers Naaman 558 To lie as a beast in a slow. 1678 [see α. ]. 1710 True Acct. Last Distemper T. Whigg ii. 44 Breaking his Horse's Back as he plung'd into a Slow.γ. a1000 in Birch Sax. Chartul. I. 530 Of þan slo to þan lytlan beorhe.a1000 in Birch Sax. Chartul. II. 41 In readan sloe. c1250 [see sense 1b]. a1300 Assump. Virg. 507 Cast we it in a foule sloo.c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 267 Now is my cart out of the sloo parde!c1425 Castle Persev. 2242 in Macro Plays Lete slynge hem in a fowle slo.1426 J. Lydgate tr. G. de Guileville Pilgrimage Life Man 13597 By brookys and by sloos fowle, A-mong the clay they hym dyffoule.1891 R. P. Chope Dial. Hartland, Devonshire at Slough A bye-road at H. is called Sloo Road, and an adjoining field Sloo Park.] b. figurative. A state or condition (esp. of moral degradation) in which a person, etc., sinks or has sunk. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > [noun] > condition of being degraded lowness?c1225 sloughc1250 degradedness1883 c1250 Owl & Night. 1394 Vor mony wymmon haueþ mysdo Þat aryst vp of þe slo. c1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxix. 3 Wha sa gifis þaim til lustis of fleysse.., þai light in þe sloghe, and þai ere enmys of Jesu crist. 1415 T. Hoccleve To Sir J. Oldcastle 105 Ryse vp, a manly knyght, out of the slow Of heresie. c1425 Castle Persev. 2757 in Macro Plays Þus hast þou gotyn, in synful slo, of þyne neygboris, be extorcyon. 1593 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Boethius De Consolatione Philosophiæ in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) iv. pr. iii. 81 See you not in what a great slowe [L. cæno] wicked thinges be wrapt in. 1632 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 105 For this man Carrier when he talks of religion he is in a slowe. 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Sixth 12 Ambition, Avarice! the two Dœmons, these Which goad thro' every Slough our Human Herd. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. i. 396 To take the adventurous leaps of folly, or plunge into the sloughs of vice. 1823 T. Roscoe tr. J. C. L. de Sismondi Hist. Lit. Europe I. ix. 376 A disgusting slough swallows up those who have abandoned themselves to their choleric passions. 1850 H. Martineau Introd. Hist. Peace (1877) III. iv. ix. 35 The clergy sank into a deeper slough of popular hatred. 1888 H. Morten Sketches Hosp. Life 22 It had..lifted her out of the miserable slough in which marriage had landed her. c. Slough of Despond n. after Bunyan's use (see sense 1a and despond n.). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > [noun] forlornnessc825 unhope?c1225 wanhope1297 speir13.. wantrokingc1350 mishopea1400 desperacy1629 Slough of Despond1776 hopelessness1853 unhopefulness1868 1776 Twining in Country Clergyman of the 18th C. (1882) 31 I remember slumping all on a sudden into the slough of despond, and closing my letter in the dumps. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian i, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 47 The miry Slough of Despond, which yawns for insolvent debtors. 1839 F. A. Kemble Jrnl. Resid. Georgian Plantation (1863) 12 If one individual..were to raise himself out of such a slough of despond. 1884 H. R. Haweis My Musical Life I. 137 Musical criticism has been in the same Slough of Despond. 2. The matter of which a slough is composed; soft mud or mire. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > mud > [noun] > thin or soft addleOE slougha1225 mirec1390 slurc1440 slurryc1440 sludge1702 slush1772 slop1796 slosh1808 stabble1821 sposh1836 sleck1840 flop1844 squad1847 slather1876 a1225 Leg. Kath. 1662 Euch strete..bute sloh & slec, eauer iliche sumerlich. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xiii. 179 Bote yf þe sed þat sowen is in þe sloh sterue, Shal neuere spir springen vp. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 1964 (MED) Also ȝe ete of no flesshe elles þat in slouȝe & erþe dwelles. 1732 J. Swift Let. to Brandreth 30 June in J. Barrett Ess. Earlier Life Swift (1808) 179 You can't..ride half a mile without being in slough to your saddle-skirts. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VI. 214 Covered over with weeds, slough, and all the filth of the sea. 1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water 71 A Hole, which was immediately filled up with Slough. 3. A ditch, dike, or drain; also, a cart rut. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch dikec893 gripa1000 ditch1045 fosselOE water-furrowlOE sow1316 furrowc1330 rick1332 sewer1402 gripplec1440 soughc1440 grindle1463 sheugh1513 syre1513 rain?1523 trench1523 slough1532 drain1552 fowsie?1553 thorougha1555 rean1591 potting1592 trink1592 syver1606 graft1644 work1649 by-ditch1650 water fence1651 master drain1652 rode1662 pudge1671 gripe1673 sulcus1676 rhine1698 rilling1725 mine1743 foot trench1765 through1777 trench drain1779 trenchlet1782 sunk fence1786 float1790 foot drain1795 tail-drain1805 flow-dike1812 groopa1825 holla1825 thorough drain1824 yawner1832 acequia madre1835 drove1844 leader1844 furrow-drain1858 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > [noun] > for wheeled vehicles > for carts > rut in wheel-spurc1440 cart-spur1483 fossea1500 slough1532 wheel-track1552 wheel-rut1598 cart-rut1601 wheel-tread1735 cart-ruck1820 ruck1820 cart-track1824 1532 G. Hervet tr. Xenophon Treat. Househ. (1768) 67 Thinke you than that we do not make the dyches and sloughes in the fieldes for a good cause? 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Carreggista, the rut or slough of a cart wheele. 1640 G. Abbot Whole Bk. Iob Paraphr. xxviii. 169/1 By his labour and skill he cuts out passages & sloughs in the hard and stony rocks. 1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 956 In the Bog, observe which way the little Sloughs run; be sure to cut their drains across them. 4. North American./sluː/. = slew n.¹ Also, a side channel of a river, or a natural channel that is only sporadically filled with water. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > [noun] > other types pene-lake1668 salina1697 slough1714 salt lake1763 bayou1766 lagoon1769 cut-off1773 prairie1820 maar1826 boating lake1834 serpentine1837 soda lake1839 bitter lake1843 stream-lake1867 shott1878 crater-lake1879 playa1885 oxbow lake1887 kettle-hole lake1902 mortlake1902 oxbow1902 seepage lake1934 paternoster lake1942 soda pan1976 the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > other types weelc897 lowa1200 sougha1300 plungec1450 Sabbatical pool1613 slough1714 tinaja1835 rock pool1836 pokelogan1848 salmon pool1866 plunge pool1870 Strandbad1939 solar pool1960 the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] pooleOE seathc950 lakea1000 flosha1300 stanga1300 weira1300 water poolc1325 carrc1330 stamp1338 stank1338 ponda1387 flashc1440 stagnec1470 peel?a1500 sole15.. danka1522 linn1577 sound1581 flake1598 still1681 slew1708 splash1760 watering hole1776 vlei1793 jheel1805 slougha1817 sipe1825 the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > tributary > [noun] > side-stream or backwater wash1530 by-river1577 by-stream1615 float1629 slew1708 by-rilla1711 marigot1759 off-stream1793 slougha1817 spreader1845 backwater1863 by-water1863 by-channel1864 billabong1865 1714 Rep. Record Commissioners (Boston Registry Dept.) (1877) III. 217 Between his old house & the Slough or Small Bridge. a1817 T. Dwight Trav. New-Eng. & N.-Y. (1821) II. 142 The slough will be covered with a causey; and the marsh, by draining, be converted into a meadow. 1858 W. P. Blake Rep. Geol. Reconnaissance in California i. 10 There lay outstretched the broad and green Tulares—great swamps or lowlands overgrown with rushes and threaded by the sinuous channels and sloughs of the river. 1859 Brit. Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 17 Dec. 3/2 At Old Langley, the slough is entirely frozen up. 1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting viii. 128 Mallards breed in small numbers in the various swamps and sloughs of the Western country. 1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 109 Oftentimes the current cuts out a deep ‘slough’, or sluice, within reach of high water mark... It forms a space of smooth water between the outer and inner breakers. 1888 D. M. Gordon Mountain & Prairie 143 At the same time there are many sloughs, or ‘slews’ so-called, where part of the river flows by some devious and half-hidden course. 1891 C. Roberts Adrift in Amer. 29 I went over head and ears into a slough, a long narrow stretch of water formed by a depression in the prairie. 1913 B. F. Thomas & D. A. Watt Improvem. Rivers (ed. 2) i. i. 30 In valleys with narrow bottom lands the result is a slough or drain close to the hills which returns the water to the main channel further down, one slough succeeding another along the valley. 1924 M. H. Mason Arctic Forests 225 There was an Indian toboggan trail on the long slough, past Jenny Island up to the eight-mile point. 1932 C. R. Longwell et al. Textbk. Geol. I. iii. 60 Most [short cuts]..are abandoned as the flood subsides and are left as sloughs, which are slowly undercut as the meander shifts downstream. 1939 W. Häntzschel in P. D. Trask Recent Marine Sediments iii. 202 The sloughs (Priele) on the tidal flats are comparable to rivers and brooks. 1939 W. Häntzschel in P. D. Trask Recent Marine Sediments iii. 202 Where the range in tides in Jade Bay is as high as 3·6 meters, the sloughs are deeply incised. 1962 W. Stegner Wolf Willow i. i. 8 In deep sloughs tules have rooted, and every such pond is dignified with mating mallards. 1970 Leopold & Wolman in G. H. Dury Rivers & River Terraces vii. 199 Opposite the gravel island is a slough aligned with a grassed depression. Both features undoubtedly carry water during flood flow. 1974 P. Gzowski Bk. about this Country 20 I remember seeing a bunch of geese sitting in a little slough. 1976 Prof. Paper U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 929. 150/2 The ecological model is designed to relate the wildlife in the Shark River Slough to the availability of food and water. Compounds C1. General attributive. slough-cake n. ΚΠ 1869 R. D. Blackmore Lorna Doone I. ii. 13 The great blunderbuss..was choked with a dollop of slough-cake. slough-water n. ΚΠ 1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting ix. 150 Lager-beer..is much better to drink than slough-water. C2. slough bass n. a black bass of the genus Micropterus. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > family Centrarchidae (sun-fish) > [noun] > member of genus Micropterus (black bass) trout1604 black perch1685 Welshman1709 Oswego bass1758 river bass1820 Oswego1857 ringeye1877 slough bass1877 small-mouthed bass1877 smallmouth1880 smallmouth bass1880 smallmouth black bass1880 small-mouthed black bass1881 trout-perch1883 bronze-backer1888 smallie1952 1877 C. Hallock Sportsman's Gazetteer 276 Locally they are termed perch..slough bass, etc. 1881 J. A. Henshall Bk. Black Bass 142 Slough Bass. 1888 G. B. Goode Amer. Fishes 56 ‘Marsh Bass,’..‘Slough Bass,’..are other names applied to one or both species [of black bass]. slough grass n. one of several coarse grasses of swampy ground, esp. a species of the genus Muhlenbergia. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > names applied to various aquatic grasses starc1300 flaga1387 water grass1585 sword-grass1598 spire-grass1626 star-grass1782 slough grass1861 slough hay1934 1861 Trans. Illinois State Agric. Soc. 1859–60 4 488 Then [I] make a band of whatever material I have at hand, (slough grass is preferable). 1880 C. E. Bessey Bot. 455 Muhlenbergia glomerata and M. Mexicana constitute the ‘Fine Slough Grass’ of the Mississippi valley prairies. 1907 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. II. 454/1 In wet and swampy places, slough-grass (Spartina) furnishes a supply of coarse hay. 1980 Country Life 13 Nov. 1819/3 The hay is made of wild slough grass. slough hay n. Canadian (hay made from) slough grass. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animal food > [noun] > fodder > hay or straw hayc825 strawc1000 pease-strawa1325 bean-strawc1386 hard meat1481 quitch?1523 meadow1557 pease-bolt1573 salt hay1648 stover1669 barley-straw1678 marsh hay1728 pea straw1735 chaff1772 long forage1794 bog-hay1799 bhusa1829 peavine hay1846 tibbin1900 slough hay1934 the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > a grass or grasses > reedy or aquatic grasses > [noun] > names applied to various aquatic grasses starc1300 flaga1387 water grass1585 sword-grass1598 spire-grass1626 star-grass1782 slough grass1861 slough hay1934 1934 G. Bettany Valley of Lost Gold 264 In the tall slough hay beside them orange lilies raised their heads waist high. 1948 T. Onraet Down North 135 I have often seen them kneeling on their forelegs to feed in comfort on short willows and slough hay. 1955 Sentinel-Courier (Pilot Mound, Manitoba) 31 Mar. 4/1 (advt.) For sale—Baled slough hay, wire tied. 1968 S. E. Roberts Of Us & Oxen ii. 14 This ‘slough hay’ is said to be less nutritious than the ‘upland hay’ cut from buffalo grass. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2022). sloughn.² /slʌf/ Forms: Middle English slohu, slouh, Middle English sloȝ, Middle English, 1600s slow; Middle English slughe, Middle English slught, Middle English, 1600s slugh; Middle English slouȝe, 1500s–1600s sloughe, 1500s slougth, 1500s– slough, 1700s sluf, 1800s dialect sluff; Scottish1500s slouch(t, slowch, sluich, 1800s sloch. Etymology: Middle English type sloh, sloȝ, of uncertain origin, perhaps related to Low German sluwe, slu husk, peel, shell. 1. a. The outer or scarf skin periodically cast or shed by a snake, adder, or similar reptile; also generally, the skin of a serpent, eel, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > parts of > skin or scale slougha1300 scutella1771 the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [noun] > parts of > skin or scale > slough slougha1300 spoil1601 the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Anguilliformes > member of family Muraenidae (eel) > skin of slougha1300 a1300 Cursor Mundi 745 Þis nedder forth þat he ne blan Bot in hijs slught [v.rr. slohu, slouȝe] was self satan. a1400–50 Alexander 5085 Fellis of fischis..with lions on lyue & lamprays sloȝis. 1483 Cath. Angl. 345/2 Slughes of eddyrs. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. viii. 60 Lyke to the eddir..[that has] Now slippit hir sloucht with schyning skyn new brerd. 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 304 The slough of the Viper cureth the Ring-worme. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 229 As the Snake, roll'd in a flowring Banke, With shining checker'd slough . View more context for this quotation 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. iii. 49 The Slough of an English Viper. 1713 W. Derham Physico-theol. ix. i. 438 Although he missed seeing the Serpents..yet he saw great numbers of their Exuviæ, or Slufs. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth IV. 99 If the old slough be then viewed, every scale will be distinctly seen. 1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 138 The continuity is well seen in the cast skin or slough of the Snake. 1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 182 A slough when perfect is an exact copy of the exterior of the Snake from which it came. b. The skin of a caterpillar, locust, etc. cast in the course of transformation, as from the nymphal to the imago stage. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > eggs or young > [noun] > young or development of young > pupa or chrysalis > case or puparium > slough slough1681 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis i. vii. iii. 176 A very large Aurelia and Slough of a Silk-Worme. 1818 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (ed. 2) II. xvi. 16 The moisture that remained upon them [i.e. locusts] after casting their sloughs. c. figurative. A feature, quality, etc. which is thrown off. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > [noun] > giving up (a habit) > a habit or usual feature cast off slough1583 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie cxxi. 744 Vnlesse she..haue put her old bringing vp quite out of her minde, yea and euen cast her slough as they say. 1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida i. sig. B2 Can man by no meanes creepe out of himselfe, And leaue the slough of viperous griefe behinde? 1775 E. Burke Speech Amer. Taxation 54 Are we to give them..the slough of slavery, which we are not able to work off, to serve them for their freedom? 1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. xiv. 121 He casts the slough of sedentary confinement. 1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 38 The barbarians..had early cast off the slough of their rude manners. 1868 Ld. Tennyson Lucretius 177 The mountain there has cast his cloudy slough. d. Apparel, clothing. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > [noun] clothesc888 hattersOE shroudc1000 weedOE shrouda1122 clothc1175 hatteringa1200 atourc1220 back-clout?c1225 habit?c1225 clothingc1275 cleadinga1300 dubbinga1300 shroudinga1300 attirec1300 coverturec1300 suitc1325 apparel1330 buskingc1330 farec1330 harness1340 tire1340 backs1341 geara1350 apparelmentc1374 attiringa1375 vesturec1385 heelinga1387 vestmentc1386 arraya1400 graitha1400 livery1399 tirementa1400 warnementa1400 arrayment1400 parelc1400 werlec1400 raiment?a1425 robinga1450 rayc1450 implements1454 willokc1460 habiliment1470 emparelc1475 atourement1481 indumenta1513 reparel1521 wearing gear1542 revesture1548 claesc1550 case1559 attirement1566 furniture1566 investuring1566 apparelling1567 dud1567 hilback1573 wear1576 dress1586 enfolding1586 caparison1589 plight1590 address1592 ward-ware1598 garnish1600 investments1600 ditement1603 dressing1603 waith1603 thing1605 vestry1606 garb1608 outwall1608 accoutrementa1610 wearing apparel1617 coutrement1621 vestament1632 vestiment1637 equipage1645 cask1646 aguise1647 back-timbera1656 investiture1660 rigging1664 drapery1686 vest1694 plumage1707 bussingc1712 hull1718 paraphernalia1736 togs1779 body clothing1802 slough1808 toggery1812 traps1813 garniture1827 body-clothes1828 garmenture1832 costume1838 fig1839 outfit1840 vestiture1841 outer womana1845 outward man1846 vestiary1846 rag1855 drag1870 clo'1874 parapherna1876 clobber1879 threads1926 mocker1939 schmatte1959 vine1959 kit1989 1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. vii. 326 For now that sable slough is shed,..I scarcely know me in the glass. 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iv. 147 I did but wait to cast my riding slough. 1821 W. Scott Kenilworth III. v. 68 While those..get rid of their slough, and doff their riding-suits. 2. a. A skin, caul, or membrane, enclosing or covering the body or some part of it. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily substance > membrane > [noun] rimeOE hameOE skina1398 caul1398 shrine1398 tunicle1398 panniclea1400 pelliculea1400 slougha1400 membrane?a1425 pellicle?a1425 pellet?1440 enfolder1545 kell1545 involucre1578 skinlet1598 striffena1612 swathe1615 veil1639 tunic1661 swath-band1668 involucruma1676 wall1682 panniculus1702 theca1807 a1400 Hampole's Pr. Consc. 520 Bot a rym [v.rr. slow, slouh] þat es ful wlatsome,..Þat es noght bot a blody skyn Þat he [man] byfor was lapped in. a1400–50 Alexander 4456 Þus make ȝe vessels in vayne to ȝoure foule corses,..Þat ilk slymand slugh. 1486 Bk. St. Albans, Hunting f iij b Than shall ye slyt the slough ther as the hert lith. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xiii. 142 I was flayd with a swevyn—My hart out of sloghe! 1597 King James VI & I Daemonologie iii. i. 62 As to their [werwolves] hauing and hyding of their hard & schellie sloughes. a1599 R. Rollock Serm. in Sel. Wks. (1849) I. 385 Na creature..can tak aff the slouch of thy hart to let thee see. b. An enclosing or covering layer, coat, or sheath of some kind. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > coating or covering with a layer > [noun] > a coat or covering layer rindOE cloth1398 tayc1440 skina1475 coat1567 slough1610 hulling1708 surtout1732 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 556 By reason that under the upper crust of the earth there is limestone which supplieth a batling fruitfull slugh, or humour. ?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse iii. sig. F1^v No slough of falling Starr did euer hitt, Vppon this Banke. 1720 A. Ramsay Poems 349 With Heart hool'd in three Sloughs of Brass. c. dialect. The outer skin of certain fruits; a husk. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > parts of > skin or roughening of skin rindeOE skina1398 peel?a1450 pill1530 shell1561 peeling1598 sloughc1660 russet1817 epicarp1819 exocarp1845 russeting1851 shuck1869 c1660 in Select Biogr. (Wodrow Soc.) I. 265 Such a crosse is mine, and the sweet kirnell of the blessing under the sour slough that is without. 1691 J. Ray Coll. Eng. Words (ed. 2) 65 A Slough, a Husk; it is pronounced sluffe. 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 159 Sluffs, the skins of all such fruit as gooseberries and currants are called sluffs or sloughs. 3. Pathology. A layer or mass of dead tissue or flesh formed on the surface of a wound, sore, or inflammation; a sphacelus. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > wound > slough slough1513 eschar1543 sloughiness1788 sloughing1800 sphacelus1881 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. x. 83 The clud..That on ȝour mortale ene..Lyke to ane wattery slowch standis dyme about. 1639 J. Woodall Treat. Gangrena in Surgeons Mate (rev. ed.) 409 The first eskers or cadaverous sloughes being remooved. 1676 R. Wiseman Severall Chirurg. Treat. i. xxi. 98 The matter of the Humour..may be arsenical, as appears by the Sloughs we sometimes find made in a night. 1797 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 97/2 Gun shot wounds are commonly covered from the beginning with deep sloughs. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 61/2 The inflammation..producing..sloughs of the adipose tissue. 1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 49 A slough is formed, which becomes isolated from the living textures and undergoes a process of separation. figurative.1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 53 From scalp to sole one slough and crust of sin.in combination.1857 Ld. Dufferin Lett. from High Latitudes 116 Crumpled shreds and shards of slough-like incrustations.1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 488 The discharge appears so to cling to the sore surface as to form a thick slough-like yellow pellicle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † sloughn.³ Obsolete. rare. (See quot. 1647.) ΚΠ 1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 33 The false scabberd of a Princes tough Metall, and three-pil'd darknesse, like the slough Of an imprisoned flame. [Note] A damp, in Cole-pits usuall. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2021). sloughn.⁴ /slʌf/ Forms: Also sluff. Etymology: apparently < slough v.² (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [noun] > movement under gravity or water land-rushc1550 slide1664 landslip1679 pitting1686 rockfall?1797 shoot1820 landslide1822 run1827 mountain slide1830 slip1838 slough1838 mudslide1848 founder1882 creep1889 soil-creep1897 rock creep1902 slump1905 solifluction1906 slumping1907 slopewash1938 sludging1946 mass wasting1951 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum > position or direction of strata > slope rise1672 upgo1672 pitch1719 slough1838 bajada1866 pitching1903 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 144/2 Preventing those sloughs, or slipping at the foot of the materials, which may be observed on most large embankments. 1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. i. xxix. 376 The cliff vein..terminates in what the miners here [i.e. in Pembroke] call a ‘slough’, i.e., it is bent suddenly downwards, accompanied on each side by the usual measures. 1908 Daily Chron. 16 Dec. 1/2 Two seconds afterwards the sluff came down in hundreds of tons. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020). sloughn.⁵ /slaʊ/ Forms: Also 1800s sloo, sloe. Etymology: Corresponds to Norwegian slo, Icelandic sló (whence the Shetland form sloe), but the currency of the word in south-western dialect is remarkable. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > head and neck > [noun] > projection on head > horn > core of horn flint1712 slough1721 colk1781 core1842 horn-core1872 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > (parts of) horn ox-horna1398 slough1721 slug-horna1825 slug1842 scur1882 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Slough,..the spungy or porous Substance in the Inside of the Horns of Oxen or Cows. 1844 W. Barnes Poems Rural Life in Dorset Dial. Gloss. Sloo of a horn, the inner bony prominence from the skull, or quick part of a cow's horn, which bleeds when broken. 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 300/2 Dry materials:..Horn ‘sloughs’ (the pith or core of horns). 1890 in J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester 142. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online December 2020). sloughv.¹ /slaʊ/ Etymology: < slough n.¹ a. transitive. In passive: To be swallowed (up) in a slough. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > sink > sink into a soft surface > into mud mire?1590 slough1861 1861 in Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) (1911) 16 Apr. 1/6 Several of the wagons while conveying passengers and freight from the steamer on Sunday night became sloughed and the passengers were compelled to ‘foot it’ to town. 1904 E. A. Ormerod Econ. Entomologist v. 38 Another time somebody..got nearly sloughed up in one of the great marsh ditches. b. slang. To imprison, to lock (up). Usually in passive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > imprison [verb (transitive)] beclosec1000 setc1100 steekc1175 prison?c1225 adightc1275 imprison1297 laya1325 keepc1330 presentc1380 locka1400 throwc1422 commise1480 clapc1530 shop1548 to lay up1565 incarcerate1575 embar1590 immure1598 hole1608 trunk1608 to keep (a person) darka1616 carceir1630 enjaila1631 pocket1631 bridewell1733 bastille1745 cage1805 quod1819 bag1824 carcerate1839 to send down1840 jug1841 slough1848 to send up1852 to put away1859 warehouse1881 roundhouse1889 smug1896 to bang up1950 1848 Ladies' Repository Oct. 317/1 Slough, to lock. 1894 ‘J. Flynt’ in Cent. Mag. Feb. 518/2 I've boozed around this town..for seven years, and I've not been sloughed up yet. 1926 J. Black You can't Win vii. 87 They'll..haul us over to Martinez..an' slough us in the county jail. 1935 A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 108/2 Sloughed, arrested. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online September 2018). sloughv.² /slʌf/ Etymology: < slough n.² 1. a. intransitive. Of diseased skin, tissue, etc.: To come away or off, to be shed, as a slough. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > of skin: become disordered [verb (intransitive)] > shed or slough slough1720 1720 J. Quincy tr. N. Hodges Loimologia v. 138 Those which went no further than the Skin, would oftentimes slough off. 1787 Med. Communications 2 160 A large portion of the integuments..sloughed away. 1813 J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 269 The injured part of the artery sloughed off with the ligature. 1847 W. C. L. Martin Ox 160/2 The diseased part..sloughs away, and new and healthy skin is reproduced. figurative and in extended use.1857 P. H. Gosse Omphalos vii. 131 Every one of these scars indicates where a leaf has grown..and whence, after death and decay, it at length sloughed away.1886 Boston Jrnl. 7 Aug. 1/9 The situation improved up to the time the eight-hour agitation began, when trade sloughed off and became dull. b. To become covered or encrusted with a slough; to form or develop necrosed tissue. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (intransitive)] > be injured > be wounded > slough slough1787 1787 Med. Communications 2 160 It was evident that some part of the urethra had also sloughed. 1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 54 The exposed tumour inflamed and sloughed progressively, till it entirely came away. 1846 F. Brittan tr. J. F. Malgaigne Man. Operative Surg. 319 The columna..sloughed from the fourth day, and was removed with the scissors. 1880 W. MacCormac Antiseptic Surg. 14 In the other case of protracted recovery, a large portion of skin sloughed. figurative.1861 J. C. H. Fane & Ld. Lytton Tannhäuser 49 [To] seek from gross hearts, slough'd in sin, Approval of pure Love to win. 2. transitive. To eat away, to throw off, by the formation of a slough or sloughs. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] > wound > slough slough1762 1762 R. Guy Pract. Observ. Cancers 48 Four large Ulcers were sloughing the Breast away. 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 612 The portion of the vertebra which has been cut through will have to be sloughed off before the wound can heal. 3. a. Of a serpent or similar reptile: To cast or shed (the skin) as a slough; to exuviate. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [verb (intransitive)] > shed skin slough1845 the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Ophidia (snakes) > [verb (transitive)] > shed skin avoid1692 slough1845 1845 [see sense 3b]. 1854 M. Howitt Pict. Cal. Seasons 427 About the middle of the month [September] the common snake sloughs or casts its skin. 1870 P. Gillmore tr. L. Figuier Reptiles & Birds i. 13 Reptiles..slough their old covering, or in other words cast their skin. absolute.1875 Ld. Tennyson Queen Mary iii. iii. 132 The serpent that hath slough'd will slough again.1897 G. C. Bateman Vivarium 231 Young Snakes slough more frequently than their older relatives do. b. figurative. To cast off, drop, discard, give up, get rid of (something). Also with off. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > casting or laying aside > [verb (transitive)] to let awaya1000 forcast?c1225 to lay downc1275 forthrow1340 flita1375 removea1382 to cast away1382 understrewc1384 castc1390 to lay awaya1400 to lay asidec1440 slingc1440 warpiss1444 to lay from, offc1480 way-put1496 depose1526 to lay apart1526 to put off1526 to set apart1530 to turn up1541 abandonate?1561 devest1566 dispatch1569 decarta1572 discard1578 to make away1580 to fling away1587 to cast off1597 doff1599 cashier1603 to set by1603 moult1604 excuss1607 retorta1616 divest1639 deposit1646 disentail1667 dismiss1675 slough1845 shed1856 jettison1869 shake1872 offload1900 junk1911 dump1919 sluff1934 bin1940 to put down1944 shitcan1973 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > unaccustomedness or state of disuse > give up a habit or practice [verb (transitive)] leaveeOE forsakec1175 waive1340 twinc1386 refuse1389 to set aside1426 relinquish1454 abuse1471 renouncec1480 disaccustom1483 to break from1530 to lay aside1530 disprofess1590 dropa1616 to set bya1674 decline1679 unpractise?1680 slough1845 shake1872 sluff1934 kick1936 (a) 1845 T. De Quincey Suspiria de Profundis in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 283/1 I saw a ewe suddenly put off and abjure her own nature, in a service of love—yes, slough it as completely, as ever serpent sloughed his skin. 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xxii, in Writings I. 226 With such change, he cannot but slough much of the bad reputation..fixed upon him. 1876 G. Meredith Beauchamp's Career II. xvi. 287 Nevil will slough his craze. (b)1848 Ld. Houghton Life & Lett. Keats I. 23 The wonder is rather that he sloughed off so fast, so many of his offending peculiarities.1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ii. §112 Why does the Gulf Stream slough off and cast upon its outer edge, sea-weed, drift-wood [etc.]?1873 T. Hardy Pair of Blue Eyes II. i. 3 She could slough off a sadness and replace it by a hope. 4. To take off in grinding. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > milling or grinding > grind corn [verb (transitive)] > take off bran slough1844 1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 353 The small bran..is only generated after the large bran has been sloughed off. 5. intransitive. Of soil, rock, etc.: to fall away or slide down into an adjoining hole or depression. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > soil qualities > [verb (intransitive)] > fall in flounder1774 run1802 slough1897 1897 W. Starling Floods of Mississippi i. 14/1 Water leaking through the old bank infiltrates the new earth and it sloughs away bodily. 1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 30 As though the whole mound had stooped roaring down at him—the entire overhang sloughed. 1955 Hennes & Ekse Fund. Transportation Engin. ii. 30 The processes of weathering tend to loosen surface material and cause it to slough and drift down any slope greater than the angle of repose of the dry loose material. 1957 A. C. Clarke Deep Range v. 54 Sometimes, in deep ocean waters far from the eternal rain of silt which sloughs down from the edges of the continents, it was possible to see as much as two hundred feet. 1974 P. L. Moore et al. Drilling Pract. Man. iii. 46 Shale sloughs into the hole. Derivatives sloughed adj. /slʌft/ ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hide > cast or shed sloughed1857 1857 P. H. Gosse Omphalos ix. 248 (note) ‘The rattle is cast annually’ with the sloughed skin. 1897 W. Starling Floods of Mississippi i. 14/1 A good thick dressing of brush is laid on the sloughed mass. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1912; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.¹c900n.²a1300n.³1647n.⁴1838n.⁵1721v.¹1848v.²1720
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sloughn.1

Compounds

sloughn.2

† sloughn.3

sloughn.4

sloughn.5

sloughv.1

sloughv.2

Derivatives

sloughn.¹

sloughn.²

† sloughn.³

sloughn.⁴

sloughn.⁵

sloughv.¹

sloughv.²