† ethev.¹

Forms: Old English eaðiað (plural present indicative, transmission error), Old English eþg- (in derivatives), Old English eðg- (in derivatives), Old English eþian, Old English eðian, Old English oeðian (Anglian), late Old English æð- (in derivatives), early Middle English eði, early Middle English eðie.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: < the Germanic base of the second element of Old English oroð orth n. (see discussion at that entry), apparently with i-mutation (see note below), probably further cognate with onde n., aynd n.The Old English verb apparently shows i-mutation of the base (although only inflection as a weak Class II verb is attested). Change of conjugation from original weak Class I or derivation via an i -stem variant of the Germanic base have both been proposed in order to provide the phonological conditions necessary for i-mutation. The headword form ōðian given in some dictionaries on the strength of the corrected reading in quot. OE² (and presumed to show an otherwise unattested derivative from the same base without i-mutation) is, in all likelihood, a ghost word, the manuscript correction probably the work of the Anglo-Saxon scholar William Lisle in the early 17th cent. (see R. Marsden Old Eng. Heptateuch (2008) I. pp. clxiii–clxiv). In Old English the prefixed form geēþian (compare y- prefix) is also attested in the same sense; compare also tōēþian (rare) to inspire (compare to- prefix¹).

Obsolete.

intransitive. To breathe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > breathe [verb (intransitive)]

etheOE

breathea1398

andea1400

respire?a1425

blowc1440

queasea1500

suspire1600

respirate1668

rake1793

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. iii. 264 Swa swa se man swelteþ, swa swylteþ eac þa nytenu, & gelice hi ealle eþiað [L. spirant omnia].

OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judges (Laud) iv. 19 in S. J. Crawford Old Eng. Version of Heptateuch (1922) 404 He wæs swiðe ofurnen & he eðode [corrected to oðode by a late hand; OE Hatton 115 eðode] swiðe.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 31 Leowse þi fot of mi necke..þæt ich eði [c1225 Bodl. eðie] mahe.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

† ethev.²

Forms: Middle English eþe, Middle English ethe.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: English *ǣþan.

Etymology: Apparently the reflex of an Old English weak Class I verb *ǣþan (unattested as a simplex; however, compare geǣþan to confirm by oath (compare y- prefix), geǣþed (adjective) bound by oath) < the same Germanic base as oath n. Compare oath v. and the Germanic verbs cited at that entry.A suggestion (first proposed by Zupitza in Anglia 1 (1878) 469–70) that the following defective passage from Havelok may show an earlier example of this word is unconvincing: ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1987) l. 552 Hwan þe swike him hauede heþede [MS he yede], Þat he shulde him forth [lede].

Obsolete.

transitive. To adjure, entreat.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > appeal to or invoke

halsec825

askOE

witnec1200

halsenc1290

calla1325

incalla1340

to speak to ——1362

interpel1382

inclepec1384

turnc1384

becallc1400

ethec1400

peala1425

movec1450

provoke1477

adjure1483

invoke1490

conjurea1500

sue1521

invocatea1530

obtest1548

obtestate1553

to throw oneself on (or upon)1592

obsecrate1598

charm1599

to cry on ——1609

behight1615

imprecate1643

impray1855

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 379 Fyrst I eþe þe, haþel, how þat þou hattes, Þat þou me telle truly.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2467 Þerfore I eþe þe, haþel, to com to þy naunt.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 340 Þe ious out he wrengis, Erne till exorȝise & ethis euer elike, Þat it suld worthe as he wald.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ethe
释义	† ethev.¹ Forms: Old English eaðiað (plural present indicative, transmission error), Old English eþg- (in derivatives), Old English eðg- (in derivatives), Old English eþian, Old English eðian, Old English oeðian (Anglian), late Old English æð- (in derivatives), early Middle English eði, early Middle English eðie. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: < the Germanic base of the second element of Old English oroð orth n. (see discussion at that entry), apparently with i-mutation (see note below), probably further cognate with onde n., aynd n.The Old English verb apparently shows i-mutation of the base (although only inflection as a weak Class II verb is attested). Change of conjugation from original weak Class I or derivation via an i -stem variant of the Germanic base have both been proposed in order to provide the phonological conditions necessary for i-mutation. The headword form ōðian given in some dictionaries on the strength of the corrected reading in quot. OE² (and presumed to show an otherwise unattested derivative from the same base without i-mutation) is, in all likelihood, a ghost word, the manuscript correction probably the work of the Anglo-Saxon scholar William Lisle in the early 17th cent. (see R. Marsden Old Eng. Heptateuch (2008) I. pp. clxiii–clxiv). In Old English the prefixed form geēþian (compare y- prefix) is also attested in the same sense; compare also tōēþian (rare) to inspire (compare to- prefix¹). Obsolete. intransitive. To breathe. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > breathe [verb (intransitive)] etheOE breathea1398 andea1400 respire?a1425 blowc1440 queasea1500 suspire1600 respirate1668 rake1793 OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. iii. 264 Swa swa se man swelteþ, swa swylteþ eac þa nytenu, & gelice hi ealle eþiað [L. spirant omnia]. OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Judges (Laud) iv. 19 in S. J. Crawford Old Eng. Version of Heptateuch (1922) 404 He wæs swiðe ofurnen & he eðode [corrected to oðode by a late hand; OE Hatton 115 eðode] swiðe. c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Royal) (1934) 31 Leowse þi fot of mi necke..þæt ich eði [c1225 Bodl. eðie] mahe. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † ethev.² Forms: Middle English eþe, Middle English ethe. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: English ǣþan. Etymology: Apparently the reflex of an Old English weak Class I verb ǣþan (unattested as a simplex; however, compare geǣþan to confirm by oath (compare y- prefix), geǣþed (adjective) bound by oath) < the same Germanic base as oath n. Compare oath v. and the Germanic verbs cited at that entry.A suggestion (first proposed by Zupitza in Anglia 1 (1878) 469–70) that the following defective passage from Havelok may show an earlier example of this word is unconvincing: ▸ c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1987) l. 552 Hwan þe swike him hauede heþede [MS he yede], Þat he shulde him forth [lede]. Obsolete. transitive. To adjure, entreat. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > appeal to or invoke halsec825 askOE witnec1200 halsenc1290 calla1325 incalla1340 to speak to ——1362 interpel1382 inclepec1384 turnc1384 becallc1400 ethec1400 peala1425 movec1450 provoke1477 adjure1483 invoke1490 conjurea1500 sue1521 invocatea1530 obtest1548 obtestate1553 to throw oneself on (or upon)1592 obsecrate1598 charm1599 to cry on ——1609 behight1615 imprecate1643 impray1855 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 379 Fyrst I eþe þe, haþel, how þat þou hattes, Þat þou me telle truly. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2467 Þerfore I eþe þe, haþel, to com to þy naunt. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 340 Þe ious out he wrengis, Erne till exorȝise & ethis euer elike, Þat it suld worthe as he wald. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.¹OEv.²c1400
随便看	flouse floush flousing flout flout a person out of flout out of floutage flouted flouter flouters flouting flouting-stock floutingly floutingstock flouts flow flow above the banks flow and reflow flow at waste flow bog flow chart flow charting flow cytometer flow cytometry flow diagram

† ethev.1

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† ethev.¹

† ethev.²