anaerobicadj.

Brit.

/ˌanəˈrəʊbɪk/,

/ˌanɛːˈrəʊbɪk/, U.S.

/ˌænɛˈroʊbɪk/,

/ˌænəˈroʊbɪk/

Forms: 1800s– anaerobic, 1800s– anaërobic, 1900s– anerobic (chiefly U.S.).

Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Etymons: French anaérobie , -ic suffix.

Etymology: < French anaérobie (see anaerobian n. and adj.) + -ic suffix. Compare later anaerobe n. Compare also aerobic adj.

1. Biology.

a. Of the nature of an anaerobe; of or involving anaerobes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [adjective]

fossil1665

subfossil1829

anaerobic1878

anaerobian1879

anaerobious1884

anaerobiotic1885

1878 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 1 261 He will be led..to recognize that the existence of anaerobic beings rests on irrefutable proofs.

1884 E. Klein Micro-organisms & Dis. vi. 34 Some bacteria require free access of oxygen, and are called aërobic (Pasteur); others grow without free oxygen, and are anaërobic (Pasteur).

1920 Conquest June 404/2 Anaerobic organisms which might develop after bottling.

1930 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 8 377/2 These wounds are often in the nature of puncture wounds and hence are potential seats for anerobic bacteria.

1959 J. Clegg Freshwater Life (ed. 2) 68 The decomposition of the organic remains by anaerobic bacteria results in the formation of sulphuretted hydrogen.

1989 B. J. Frost Monster with Thousand Faces i. 22 Vellutini..is equally convinced that vampirism is due to the activity of a certain pathogenic anerobic bacteria.

1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. li. 176 The cephamycins also display excellent anaerobic activity.

2002 R. A. Gabriel Great Armies of Antiq. i. 36 Tetanus is caused by an anaerobic bacterium named Clostridium tetani.

b. Functioning or occurring in the absence of oxygen; lacking oxygen.

ΚΠ

1883 Lancet 14 July 59/2 The alkaloids in question are the products of anaërobic fermentation.

1914 G. B. Shaw Misalliance 15 There was a regular terror of a countess with an anaerobic system [of drainage].

1931 Discovery Sept. 303/2 The distinction, seldom made, between anaerobic respiration and fermentation is pointed out.

1986 S. H. Ridgway in R. J. Schusterman et al. Dolphin Cognition & Behavior ii. 37 The [dolphin] brain may be capable of short periods of anaerobic metabolism, a capability not found in higher adult land mammals.

2003 New Yorker 4 Aug. 56/2 Sealed in the anaerobic environment of accumulated sand, an estimated thirty percent of the Pandora's wooden hull survives intact.

2. Designating physical exercise, typically of high intensity and short duration, in which demand by the muscles for oxygen exceeds the body's ability to supply it; of or relating to such exercise.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [adjective] > specific systems

callisthenic1826

callisthenical1831

Sandow1898

Muller's exercises1910

aerobic1942

anaerobic1942

cardio1972

survival1972

high-impact1984

low-impact1985

1942 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 23 443 An index to the capacity for anaerobic work is gained by timing a man in a quarter-mile race.

1953 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 45 676 There is ample evidence that the physiologic stress is different in aerobic work..and in anaerobic work.

1973 D. K. Mathews Measurem. Physical Educ. (ed. 4) i. 6 The physiologist refers to such events as being anaerobic (without oxygen), i.e., they are performed in such a short period of time that oxygen is not required in producing the necessary energy.

1984 Coaching Award Scheme (Brit. Judo Assoc.) 51/1 It is possible..to raise the level at which oxygen debt becomes a reality. This is known as anaerobic threshold.

2007 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Apr. xiii. 6/2 Because bowling is an anaerobic activity where you don't get sweaty and winded, it may not look, or even feel, like you're exercising.

Compounds

anaerobic digester n. a sealed, oxygen-free tank designed for the digestion of sewage or other organic waste by anaerobic microorganisms.

ΚΠ

1933 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 5 Sept. 177/1 An anaerobic digester compartment beneath said clarifier compartment to receive the raw sludge therefrom.

2012 Guardian 5 June 12/3 He has for the past four years made more than £1,000 a day feeding the local electricity grid via an anaerobic digester (AD) that provides power from cattle manure and other waste products.

anaerobic digestion n. the decomposition of sewage or other waste material by anaerobic microorganisms.

ΚΠ

1927 G. M. Fair & M. C. Whipple Whipple's Microsc. of Drinking Water (ed. 4) xii. 314 Bacteria—Attack dissolved and suspended organic and mineral substances and convert them by aërobic or anaërobic digestion into end products of simpler chemical structure.

1990 C. Rose Dirty Man of Europe (1991) i. 24 UK dumping has continued at the rate of 7–8 million tonnes, including raw sludge, activated sludge, digested sludge from heated anaerobic digestion and sludge from cold digestion.

2000 Thames Water Ann. Rep. & Accts. 10/1 The business continues to develop the first commercial use of anaerobic digestion in the UK using household waste and sewage sludge at Sandford, Oxford.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	anaerobic
释义	anaerobicadj. Brit. /ˌanəˈrəʊbɪk/, /ˌanɛːˈrəʊbɪk/, U.S. /ˌænɛˈroʊbɪk/, /ˌænəˈroʊbɪk/ Forms: 1800s– anaerobic, 1800s– anaërobic, 1900s– anerobic (chiefly U.S.). Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element. Etymons: French anaérobie , -ic suffix. Etymology: < French anaérobie (see anaerobian n. and adj.) + -ic suffix. Compare later anaerobe n. Compare also aerobic adj. 1. Biology. a. Of the nature of an anaerobe; of or involving anaerobes. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > fossil > [adjective] fossil1665 subfossil1829 anaerobic1878 anaerobian1879 anaerobious1884 anaerobiotic1885 1878 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 1 261 He will be led..to recognize that the existence of anaerobic beings rests on irrefutable proofs. 1884 E. Klein Micro-organisms & Dis. vi. 34 Some bacteria require free access of oxygen, and are called aërobic (Pasteur); others grow without free oxygen, and are anaërobic (Pasteur). 1920 Conquest June 404/2 Anaerobic organisms which might develop after bottling. 1930 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 8 377/2 These wounds are often in the nature of puncture wounds and hence are potential seats for anerobic bacteria. 1959 J. Clegg Freshwater Life (ed. 2) 68 The decomposition of the organic remains by anaerobic bacteria results in the formation of sulphuretted hydrogen. 1989 B. J. Frost Monster with Thousand Faces i. 22 Vellutini..is equally convinced that vampirism is due to the activity of a certain pathogenic anerobic bacteria. 1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. li. 176 The cephamycins also display excellent anaerobic activity. 2002 R. A. Gabriel Great Armies of Antiq. i. 36 Tetanus is caused by an anaerobic bacterium named Clostridium tetani. b. Functioning or occurring in the absence of oxygen; lacking oxygen. ΚΠ 1883 Lancet 14 July 59/2 The alkaloids in question are the products of anaërobic fermentation. 1914 G. B. Shaw Misalliance 15 There was a regular terror of a countess with an anaerobic system [of drainage]. 1931 Discovery Sept. 303/2 The distinction, seldom made, between anaerobic respiration and fermentation is pointed out. 1986 S. H. Ridgway in R. J. Schusterman et al. Dolphin Cognition & Behavior ii. 37 The [dolphin] brain may be capable of short periods of anaerobic metabolism, a capability not found in higher adult land mammals. 2003 New Yorker 4 Aug. 56/2 Sealed in the anaerobic environment of accumulated sand, an estimated thirty percent of the Pandora's wooden hull survives intact. 2. Designating physical exercise, typically of high intensity and short duration, in which demand by the muscles for oxygen exceeds the body's ability to supply it; of or relating to such exercise. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > exercise > [adjective] > specific systems callisthenic1826 callisthenical1831 Sandow1898 Muller's exercises1910 aerobic1942 anaerobic1942 cardio1972 survival1972 high-impact1984 low-impact1985 1942 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 23 443 An index to the capacity for anaerobic work is gained by timing a man in a quarter-mile race. 1953 Amer. Heart Jrnl. 45 676 There is ample evidence that the physiologic stress is different in aerobic work..and in anaerobic work. 1973 D. K. Mathews Measurem. Physical Educ. (ed. 4) i. 6 The physiologist refers to such events as being anaerobic (without oxygen), i.e., they are performed in such a short period of time that oxygen is not required in producing the necessary energy. 1984 Coaching Award Scheme (Brit. Judo Assoc.) 51/1 It is possible..to raise the level at which oxygen debt becomes a reality. This is known as anaerobic threshold. 2007 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Apr. xiii. 6/2 Because bowling is an anaerobic activity where you don't get sweaty and winded, it may not look, or even feel, like you're exercising. Compounds anaerobic digester n. a sealed, oxygen-free tank designed for the digestion of sewage or other organic waste by anaerobic microorganisms. ΚΠ 1933 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 5 Sept. 177/1 An anaerobic digester compartment beneath said clarifier compartment to receive the raw sludge therefrom. 2012 Guardian 5 June 12/3 He has for the past four years made more than £1,000 a day feeding the local electricity grid via an anaerobic digester (AD) that provides power from cattle manure and other waste products. anaerobic digestion n. the decomposition of sewage or other waste material by anaerobic microorganisms. ΚΠ 1927 G. M. Fair & M. C. Whipple Whipple's Microsc. of Drinking Water (ed. 4) xii. 314 Bacteria—Attack dissolved and suspended organic and mineral substances and convert them by aërobic or anaërobic digestion into end products of simpler chemical structure. 1990 C. Rose Dirty Man of Europe (1991) i. 24 UK dumping has continued at the rate of 7–8 million tonnes, including raw sludge, activated sludge, digested sludge from heated anaerobic digestion and sludge from cold digestion. 2000 Thames Water Ann. Rep. & Accts. 10/1 The business continues to develop the first commercial use of anaerobic digestion in the UK using household waste and sewage sludge at Sandford, Oxford. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.1878
随便看	to absolve from the instance to abye the bargain to accept a person at her word to accept a person at his word to accept at a rebound to accept at rebound to accept at the rebound to accept in worth to accept persons to accept service to accept the face of to accept the files to accept the light to accept the person of to accomplish one's end(s to acknowledge admit the corn to acknowledge confess the corn to acknowledge defeat to acknowledge the corn to acquire merit to acquit a person to acquit a person her meed to acquit a person his to act a part to act affirmatively