establishv.

Brit.

/ᵻˈstablɪʃ/,

/ɛˈstablɪʃ/, U.S.

/əˈstæblɪʃ/,

/ɛˈstæblɪʃ/

Forms: Middle English establisse-n, Middle English astabilishe, establisch, establysch, establissh, 1500s astablese, establyshe, Middle English– establish. See also stablish v.

Etymology: Middle English establisse-n , < Old French establiss- lengthened stem of establir : see estable v.

1. To render stable or firm.

†a. To strengthen by material support. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)]

to bear upeOE

underbearc950

bearOE

holdc1000

weighc1200

to hold up1297

upholda1300

sustainc1330

undersetc1330

comforta1382

underbear1382

upbear1390

sustaina1398

upkeepc1412

carrya1425

supporta1425

chargea1500

convey1514

avoke1529

confirm1542

stay1548

to carry up1570

bolster1581

lift1590

upstay1590

atlas1593

sustent1605

statuminatea1628

firm1646

appui1656

establish1664

shoulder1674

to keep up1681

upheave1729

withhold1769

the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stabilize

stablea1300

firmc1374

establish1664

securea1741

stabilize1861

1524 T. Wolsey in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. iv. 53 This small number of halbardiers were appointed..to establish every captain of your archers.

1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 71 in Sylva Supports, cradles and hoofes, to establish them [Carnations, etc.] against winds.

†b. To ratify, confirm, validate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)]

confirm1297

ratify1357

endoss1381

approve1413

roborate?a1475

establish1533

justify1596

firm1599

rate?1611

affeera1616

tie1623

convalidate1656

sanction1778

accredit1826

countersign1840

endorse1847

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > make stable, establish [verb (transitive)]

fastenOE

grounda1300

confirmc1300

establec1386

settlec1386

establish1533

entrench?1587

fix1605

stabilitate1642

substantiate1792

stabilify1871

stabilize1875

freeze1936

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > assure, make certain [verb (transitive)] > establish as fact, ascertain

trowa901

lookc1175

take1469

ascertaina1513

certain1523

favoura1530

establish1533

try1542

try1582

tie1623

secure1630

to make sure1644

true1647

determine1650

determinate1666

authenticate1753

constatea1773

verify1801

validate1957

1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Evi I shall establyshe his woordes by S. Austen.

1537 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 154 To conferme, ratefie and astabilishe this my deyd [of surrender of Furness Abbey].

1611 Bible (King James) Num. xxx. 13 Euery vow..her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it voyd.

1611 Bible (King James) Rom. iii. 31 Doe we then make void the lawe through faith? God forbid; yea, we establish the Law.

c. To confirm, settle (what is weak or wavering); to restore (health) permanently; to give calmness or steadiness to (the mind).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > compose or make calm [verb (transitive)]

softa1225

stilla1325

coolc1330

accoya1375

appeasec1374

attemperc1386

lullc1386

quieta1398

peasea1400

amesec1400

assuagec1400

mesec1400

soberc1430

modify?a1439

establish1477

pacify1484

pacify1515

unbrace?1526

settle1530

steady1530

allay1550

calm1559

compromitc1574

restore1582

recollect1587

serenize1598

smooth1604

compose1607

recompose1611

becalm1613

besoothe1614

unprovokea1616

halcyon1616

unstrain1616

leniate1622

tranquillize1623

unperplexa1631

belull1631

sedate1646

unmaze1647

assopiatea1649

serenate1654

serene1654

tranquillify1683

soothe1697

unalarm1722

reserene1755

quietize1791

peacify1845

quieten1853

conjure1856

peace1864

disfever1880

patise1891

de-tension1961

mellow1974

the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > thoroughly or permanently

persanate1623

establish1708

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 303 His land first stablist [1489 Adv. stablyst] he.]

1623 J. Winthrop Let. in Hist. New Eng. (1853) I. 407 I pray continually, that God will please to establish your heart.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4439/2 The great Pensioner's Health seems to be Establish'd.

1816 J. Austen Emma I. viii. 141 Harriet's cheerful look and manner established her's.

†d. catachrestic. To calm (anger), to settle (doubts). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > compose or make calm [verb (transitive)]

softa1225

stilla1325

coolc1330

accoya1375

appeasec1374

attemperc1386

lullc1386

quieta1398

peasea1400

amesec1400

assuagec1400

mesec1400

soberc1430

modify?a1439

establish1477

pacify1484

pacify1515

unbrace?1526

settle1530

steady1530

allay1550

calm1559

compromitc1574

restore1582

recollect1587

serenize1598

smooth1604

compose1607

recompose1611

becalm1613

besoothe1614

unprovokea1616

halcyon1616

unstrain1616

leniate1622

tranquillize1623

unperplexa1631

belull1631

sedate1646

unmaze1647

assopiatea1649

serenate1654

serene1654

tranquillify1683

soothe1697

unalarm1722

reserene1755

quietize1791

peacify1845

quieten1853

conjure1856

peace1864

disfever1880

patise1891

de-tension1961

mellow1974

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 10 Establisshe & ease thyn Ire, with thy pacience.

1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue iii. sig. Bvi The onelie Iugis appoyntit be God, to establische all doutis.

a. To fix, settle, institute or ordain permanently, by enactment or agreement. Sometimes with object clause. †Also (rarely) to impose (something) upon.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > decree > ordain by decree

establishc1374

establec1386

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. iv. 311 Coempcioun þat is to seyn commun achat or bying to-gidere þat were establissed vpon poeple by swiche a manere imposicioun as, etc.

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋155 The peynes that been establissed and ordeyned for synne.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. H v b Y^e beginning of y^e monethes was swa astablesed.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. ix. 9 And I, behold, I establish my couenant with you.

1660 King Charles II Declar. Eccl. Affairs in W. Cobbett Parl. Hist. (1808) IV. 139 We shall use our best endeavour that such laws may be established, as may best provide for the peace of the church and state.

1700–1 Act Settlement 12–13 Will. III c. 2 §2 Subject to such Incapacities, as.. are by the said recited Act provided, enacted, and established.

a1714 J. Sharp Wks. I. vi. 177 The standing public methods which God hath established in the church.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §283 Having first established, that they should quit the work at nights.

1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod Introd. 42 This edict was established, for the regulation of the Christian army..during the Crusade.

1884 W. E. Gladstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/6 We establish in Irish counties, as in Scotch and English counties..the lodger franchise.

†b. To secure or settle (property, privileges, etc.) to or upon persons. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > settle (property) [verb (transitive)] > settle property on

to make a statec1400

sure1418

establishc1460

infeft1462

vest1464

invest1534

estate1600

entitle1608

secure1615

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 139 To establisch..the same Lyvelood to his Crowne.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iv. 37 We will establish our Estate vpon Our eldest, Malcolme.

1665 I. Walton Life of Hooker 33 Destroying what was by those known laws happily establisht to them and their posterity.

†c. To impute (guilt) to. Obsolete. [Compare ‘ne statuas illis hoc peccatum,’ Acts vii. 30 in Vulgate.]

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > lay to one's charge, impute

witec893

challenge1297

weena1300

to bear upon —c1300

likenc1400

layc1425

to put upa1438

object1447

establish1483

impose1484

reproach1490

annotea1513

lade1535

appoint1553

burden1559

clap1609

to charge (a fault, etc.) on, upon, against (a person)1611

upcast1825

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 99/1 He cryed with an hye voys and said ‘lord establysshe not to theym thys synne’.

3. To set up on a secure or permanent basis; to found (a government, an institution; in modern use often, a house of business).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish

arear?a800

astellc885

planteOE

i-set971

onstellOE

rightOE

stathelOE

raisec1175

stofnec1175

stablea1300

morec1300

ordainc1325

fermc1330

foundc1330

instore1382

instituec1384

establec1386

firmc1425

roota1450

steadfastc1450

establishc1460

institute1483

to set up1525

radicate1531

invent1546

constitute1549

ordinate1555

rampire1555

upset1559

stay1560

erect1565

makea1568

settle1582

stablish1590

seminarize1593

statuminatea1628

hain1635

bottom1657

haft1755

start1824

c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 103 It schal be good that an honorable..Conceile be establischid.

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1554) xxvii. I. xxi Knighthode, he sayed, was first established The commen wealthe in right to defende.

1670 W. Temple Let. in Wks. (1731) III. 227 A Government is never well established but in the Hearts of the Subjects.

1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. xii. 261 The manufactory of Messrs. —— was first established towards the end of the last century.

1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland ix. 213 They succeeded in establishing many important and highly flourishing colonies.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 479 The throne of Cnut, established by devastating wars, by unrighteous executions, perhaps even by treacherous assassinations, was, when once established, emphatically the throne of righteousness and peace.

a. To place in a secure or permanent position; to install and secure in a possession, office, dignity, etc.; to ‘set up’ (a person, oneself) in business; to settle (a person) in or at a place; reflexive to obtain a secure footing; also in weaker sense, to take up one's quarters. †Also intransitive for reflexive. To ‘settle’.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)]

setc1000

stevenOE

assign1297

inseta1300

stable1300

ordaina1325

instituec1384

to put ina1387

limitc1405

point?1405

stablish1439

institutec1475

invest1489

assumec1503

to fill the hands of1535

establish1548

settle1548

appoint1557

place1563

assumptc1571

dispose1578

seat1595

state1604

instate1613

to bring ina1616

officea1616

constitute1616

impose1617

ascribe1624

install1647

to set up1685

prick1788

1548 N. Bodrugan Epitome Title to Souereigntie Scotl. sig. fv Edwarde..mynded not to take the possession of that kyngdome in his awne right, but was contented to establish Balioll to be king thereof.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. iii. 85 The Senators to morrow Meane to establish Cæsar as a King.

1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 102 Since the Turks established in Europe.

1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Bv To deliver unto suche [Bedells] as then remayne, their Staves, and again astablishe them.

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 73/2 Numa..with a view to establish himself in the people's good graces..attempted to soften them.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §298 The workmen being established in the house..every one went to the occupation allotted.

1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 96 If a writer be desirous of establishing himself as a candid censor of literature.

1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvii. 205 His first object was to establish Eumenes in his satrapy.

1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands iii. 92 The gentlemen of the party..established themselves in very comfortable rooms.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §5. 83 The Jewish traders..were enabled by the royal protection to establish themselves in separate quarters.

†b. To provide for the maintenance of (persons). Obsolete. Cf. settle v.

ΚΠ

1644 King Charles I in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1703) II. viii. 431 [He appointed them] to consider..in what manner his Family should be established.

1872 H. Lawrenny in Fortn. Rev. Mar. 313 Heads of families ceased..to dower and ‘establish’ the daughters of the house.

a. To set up or bring about permanently (a state of things); to ‘create’ (a precedent); to introduce and secure permanent acceptance for (a custom, a belief). Also, to secure for oneself, gain permanently (a reputation, a position).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > establish a state of things

to set up1431

establish1600

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 86 But to establish heere a peace indeede.

1814 Stock-Exchange laid Open 5 It establishes a price in the market.

1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. ii. 20 The most confirmed gait that he could establish was a Canterbury gallop with the hind legs.

a1832 J. Mackintosh Causes Revol. in Wks. (1846) II. 164 He had established, by his own sole authority, the most unbounded liberty of worship.

1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism ii. 177 In the remaining years of Milton's academic career, he established a high reputation for scholarship.

1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vi. 52 It has been hard work to establish order here.

1885 Manch. Examiner 13 July 5/3 The French troops have pretty well established their ascendency in the capital.

b. To erect into (a rule, etc.). †Also (with complement), to secure in a certain condition.

ΚΠ

1795 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 113 Emergencies which threatened our country with slavery, but ended in establishing it free.

1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. i. 17 If..such a tyranny is allowed to be established into a principle..the English will avail themselves of it in order to assert the same as a right.

c. Cards. to establish a suit (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1862 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (1879) 56 Twos and threes may become quite as valuable [as higher cards] when the suit is established.

1876 A. Campbell-Walker Correct Card Gloss. p. xi A suit is said to be established when you have exhausted all the best cards in it which were against you.

d. Cinematography, etc. To introduce and secure the identity or position of (a character, set, etc.).

ΚΠ

1948 E. Lindgren Art of Film 205 Establishing shot, long shot introduced at the beginning of a scene to establish the inter-relationship of details to be shown subsequently in nearer shots.

1960 O. Skilbeck ABC of Film & TV Working Terms 48 Artists, or items in sets, are said to be established once they have been photographed. From then on, their positions must be held.

1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 252 Establishing an effect. Allowing it sufficient time (and volume, which may be greater than that subsequently used) for it to register in the listener's mind.

1966 Listener 22 Sept. 426/3 Lillian Hellman's screenplay..deserves credit for the swiftly efficient manner in which the numerous main characters are established.

a. To place beyond dispute; to prove (a proposition, claim, accusation); rarely with personal object and complement.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)]

i-sothea925

soothec950

fanda1000

kitheOE

betell1048

showc1175

prove?c1225

treousec1275

stablisha1325

approve1340

verifyc1386

justifya1393

tryc1412

answer?a1425

appreve?c1450

to make gooda1470

convictc1475

averifyc1503

arguea1513

find1512

pree1515

comprobate1531

demonstrate1538

conclude1549

convince1555

argument1558

evict1571

avoucha1593

evidencea1601

remonstrate1601

clear1605

attaint1609

monstrate1609

evince1610

evince1611

improve1613

remonstrance1621

to make out1653

ascertain1670

to bring off1674

to make (something) to through1675

render1678

substantiatea1691

establisha1704

to bring out1727

realize1763

validate1775

a1704 T. Brown Ess. Satire Ancients in Wks. (1730) I. 21 He has establish'd..five or six essential differences between those two poems.

1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 134 This doctrine Cæsar Magatus and Belloste have taken great pains to establish.

1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 36 If he fail to establish in your minds the innocence of the count.

1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 644 His great point, which he seems to me fully to establish.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country i. 266 Some better theory..Than would establish Him participant In doings yonder.

1885 Sir C. P. Butt in Law Times Rep. 53 61/1 It is..extremely difficult to establish a case of negligence against the steamer.

b. To affirm judicially the validity of (a disputed will).

ΘΚΠ

society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > bequeath by will [verb (transitive)] > affirm validity of will

provec1436

probate1720

establish1806

1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 291 Upon a bill to establish this will..Sir Joseph Jekyll declared, that etc.

7. From 16th cent. often used with reference to ecclesiastical ceremonies or organization, and to the recognized national church or its religion; in early use chiefly passive in sense 2 (esp. in phrase by law established, i.e. ‘prescribed or settled by law’), but sometimes with mixture of senses 3 – 5. Hence in later use: To place (a church or a religious body) in the position of a national or state church.

ΚΠ

1558 Act 1 Eliz. c. 2. §27 Laws wherein..any other service is limited, established, or set forth to be used within this realm.

1592 Sc. Acts 12 Parl. Jas. VI §114 The trew and halie Kirk, presentlie established within this Realme.

1642 King's Protest. 19 Sept. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 21 I will..defend and maintain The True Reformed Protestant Religion established in the Church of England.

1660 King Charles II Declar. Eccl. Affairs 8 The..esteem we have for the Church of England, as it is established by Law.

a1732 E. Calamy Life (1830) I. i. 73 Opposition to the church by law established.

1733 J. Swift Presbyterians Plea Merit 5 Which [Presbyterian] Sect was..established in all its Forms, by..an Ordinance of the Lords and Commons.

1838 W. E. Gladstone State Relations with Church 108 What is established is by the very force of the term likewise endowed.

Draft additions 1993

c. In weakened use: to determine or ascertain; to find out.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)]

seeOE

fanda1000

finda1200

kenc1330

lenda1350

agropea1393

contrive1393

to find outc1405

outsearch?a1439

ripec1440

inventc1475

disclose?a1500

fish1531

agnize?1570

discover1585

to grope out1590

out-find1590

expiscate1598

vent1611

to learn out1629

to get to know1643

develop1653

ascertain1794

stag1796

root1866

to get a line on1903

establish1919

1919 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 17 May 872/1 The geophone..is now being used by the Bureau of Mines..in establishing the location of miners who have been entombed after a disaster.

1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet iii. ii. 223 So he held himself still.., trying..to establish whether he was above or below the tree.

1965 ‘W. Trevor’ Boarding-house xii. 139 She was looking through the clothes, trying to establish what belonged to whom.

1984 S. Abraham & D. Llewellyn-Jones Eating Disorders v. 37 The purpose of the questions is to try to establish whether the patient is prepared to alter her eating behaviour.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	establish
释义	establishv. Brit. /ᵻˈstablɪʃ/, /ɛˈstablɪʃ/, U.S. /əˈstæblɪʃ/, /ɛˈstæblɪʃ/ Forms: Middle English establisse-n, Middle English astabilishe, establisch, establysch, establissh, 1500s astablese, establyshe, Middle English– establish. See also stablish v. Etymology: Middle English establisse-n , < Old French establiss- lengthened stem of establir : see estable v. 1. To render stable or firm. †a. To strengthen by material support. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > [verb (transitive)] to bear upeOE underbearc950 bearOE holdc1000 weighc1200 to hold up1297 upholda1300 sustainc1330 undersetc1330 comforta1382 underbear1382 upbear1390 sustaina1398 upkeepc1412 carrya1425 supporta1425 chargea1500 convey1514 avoke1529 confirm1542 stay1548 to carry up1570 bolster1581 lift1590 upstay1590 atlas1593 sustent1605 statuminatea1628 firm1646 appui1656 establish1664 shoulder1674 to keep up1681 upheave1729 withhold1769 the world > movement > absence of movement > render immobile [verb (transitive)] > stabilize stablea1300 firmc1374 establish1664 securea1741 stabilize1861 1524 T. Wolsey in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. iv. 53 This small number of halbardiers were appointed..to establish every captain of your archers. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 71 in Sylva Supports, cradles and hoofes, to establish them [Carnations, etc.] against winds. †b. To ratify, confirm, validate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > ratification or confirmation > confirm or ratify [verb (transitive)] confirm1297 ratify1357 endoss1381 approve1413 roborate?a1475 establish1533 justify1596 firm1599 rate?1611 affeera1616 tie1623 convalidate1656 sanction1778 accredit1826 countersign1840 endorse1847 the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > stability, fixity > make stable, establish [verb (transitive)] fastenOE grounda1300 confirmc1300 establec1386 settlec1386 establish1533 entrench?1587 fix1605 stabilitate1642 substantiate1792 stabilify1871 stabilize1875 freeze1936 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > assure, make certain [verb (transitive)] > establish as fact, ascertain trowa901 lookc1175 take1469 ascertaina1513 certain1523 favoura1530 establish1533 try1542 try1582 tie1623 secure1630 to make sure1644 true1647 determine1650 determinate1666 authenticate1753 constatea1773 verify1801 validate1957 1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Evi I shall establyshe his woordes by S. Austen. 1537 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 154 To conferme, ratefie and astabilishe this my deyd [of surrender of Furness Abbey]. 1611 Bible (King James) Num. xxx. 13 Euery vow..her husband may establish it, or her husband may make it voyd. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Rom. iii. 31 Doe we then make void the lawe through faith? God forbid; yea, we establish the Law. View more context for this quotation c. To confirm, settle (what is weak or wavering); to restore (health) permanently; to give calmness or steadiness to (the mind). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > compose or make calm [verb (transitive)] softa1225 stilla1325 coolc1330 accoya1375 appeasec1374 attemperc1386 lullc1386 quieta1398 peasea1400 amesec1400 assuagec1400 mesec1400 soberc1430 modify?a1439 establish1477 establish1477 pacify1484 pacify1515 unbrace?1526 settle1530 steady1530 allay1550 calm1559 compromitc1574 restore1582 recollect1587 serenize1598 smooth1604 compose1607 recompose1611 becalm1613 besoothe1614 unprovokea1616 halcyon1616 unstrain1616 leniate1622 tranquillize1623 unperplexa1631 belull1631 sedate1646 unmaze1647 assopiatea1649 serenate1654 serene1654 tranquillify1683 soothe1697 unalarm1722 reserene1755 quietize1791 peacify1845 quieten1853 conjure1856 peace1864 disfever1880 patise1891 de-tension1961 mellow1974 the world > health and disease > healing > heal or cure [verb (transitive)] > thoroughly or permanently persanate1623 establish1708 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. 303 His land first stablist [1489 Adv. stablyst] he.] 1623 J. Winthrop Let. in Hist. New Eng. (1853) I. 407 I pray continually, that God will please to establish your heart. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4439/2 The great Pensioner's Health seems to be Establish'd. 1816 J. Austen Emma I. viii. 141 Harriet's cheerful look and manner established her's. View more context for this quotation †d. catachrestic. To calm (anger), to settle (doubts). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > compose or make calm [verb (transitive)] softa1225 stilla1325 coolc1330 accoya1375 appeasec1374 attemperc1386 lullc1386 quieta1398 peasea1400 amesec1400 assuagec1400 mesec1400 soberc1430 modify?a1439 establish1477 establish1477 pacify1484 pacify1515 unbrace?1526 settle1530 steady1530 allay1550 calm1559 compromitc1574 restore1582 recollect1587 serenize1598 smooth1604 compose1607 recompose1611 becalm1613 besoothe1614 unprovokea1616 halcyon1616 unstrain1616 leniate1622 tranquillize1623 unperplexa1631 belull1631 sedate1646 unmaze1647 assopiatea1649 serenate1654 serene1654 tranquillify1683 soothe1697 unalarm1722 reserene1755 quietize1791 peacify1845 quieten1853 conjure1856 peace1864 disfever1880 patise1891 de-tension1961 mellow1974 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 10 Establisshe & ease thyn Ire, with thy pacience. 1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue iii. sig. Bvi The onelie Iugis appoyntit be God, to establische all doutis. 2. a. To fix, settle, institute or ordain permanently, by enactment or agreement. Sometimes with object clause. †Also (rarely) to impose (something) upon. ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > make (laws) or establish as law [verb (transitive)] > decree > ordain by decree establishc1374 establec1386 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. i. iv. 311 Coempcioun þat is to seyn commun achat or bying to-gidere þat were establissed vpon poeple by swiche a manere imposicioun as, etc. c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋155 The peynes that been establissed and ordeyned for synne. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. H v b Y^e beginning of y^e monethes was swa astablesed. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. ix. 9 And I, behold, I establish my couenant with you. View more context for this quotation 1660 King Charles II Declar. Eccl. Affairs in W. Cobbett Parl. Hist. (1808) IV. 139 We shall use our best endeavour that such laws may be established, as may best provide for the peace of the church and state. 1700–1 Act Settlement 12–13 Will. III c. 2 §2 Subject to such Incapacities, as.. are by the said recited Act provided, enacted, and established. a1714 J. Sharp Wks. I. vi. 177 The standing public methods which God hath established in the church. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §283 Having first established, that they should quit the work at nights. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod Introd. 42 This edict was established, for the regulation of the Christian army..during the Crusade. 1884 W. E. Gladstone in Standard 29 Feb. 2/6 We establish in Irish counties, as in Scotch and English counties..the lodger franchise. †b. To secure or settle (property, privileges, etc.) to or upon persons. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > settlement of property > settle (property) [verb (transitive)] > settle property on to make a statec1400 sure1418 establishc1460 infeft1462 vest1464 invest1534 estate1600 entitle1608 secure1615 c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 139 To establisch..the same Lyvelood to his Crowne. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) i. iv. 37 We will establish our Estate vpon Our eldest, Malcolme. View more context for this quotation 1665 I. Walton Life of Hooker 33 Destroying what was by those known laws happily establisht to them and their posterity. †c. To impute (guilt) to. Obsolete. [Compare ‘ne statuas illis hoc peccatum,’ Acts vii. 30 in Vulgate.] ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > accusation, charge > accuse [verb (transitive)] > lay to one's charge, impute witec893 challenge1297 weena1300 to bear upon —c1300 likenc1400 layc1425 to put upa1438 object1447 establish1483 impose1484 reproach1490 annotea1513 lade1535 appoint1553 burden1559 clap1609 to charge (a fault, etc.) on, upon, against (a person)1611 upcast1825 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 99/1 He cryed with an hye voys and said ‘lord establysshe not to theym thys synne’. 3. To set up on a secure or permanent basis; to found (a government, an institution; in modern use often, a house of business). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish arear?a800 astellc885 planteOE i-set971 onstellOE rightOE stathelOE raisec1175 stofnec1175 stablea1300 morec1300 ordainc1325 fermc1330 foundc1330 instore1382 instituec1384 establec1386 firmc1425 roota1450 steadfastc1450 establishc1460 institute1483 to set up1525 radicate1531 invent1546 constitute1549 ordinate1555 rampire1555 upset1559 stay1560 erect1565 makea1568 settle1582 stablish1590 seminarize1593 statuminatea1628 hain1635 bottom1657 haft1755 start1824 c1460 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (1714) 103 It schal be good that an honorable..Conceile be establischid. 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1554) xxvii. I. xxi Knighthode, he sayed, was first established The commen wealthe in right to defende. 1670 W. Temple Let. in Wks. (1731) III. 227 A Government is never well established but in the Hearts of the Subjects. 1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. xii. 261 The manufactory of Messrs. —— was first established towards the end of the last century. 1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland ix. 213 They succeeded in establishing many important and highly flourishing colonies. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 479 The throne of Cnut, established by devastating wars, by unrighteous executions, perhaps even by treacherous assassinations, was, when once established, emphatically the throne of righteousness and peace. 4. a. To place in a secure or permanent position; to install and secure in a possession, office, dignity, etc.; to ‘set up’ (a person, oneself) in business; to settle (a person) in or at a place; reflexive to obtain a secure footing; also in weaker sense, to take up one's quarters. †Also intransitive for reflexive. To ‘settle’. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] setc1000 stevenOE assign1297 inseta1300 stable1300 ordaina1325 instituec1384 to put ina1387 limitc1405 point?1405 stablish1439 institutec1475 invest1489 assumec1503 to fill the hands of1535 establish1548 settle1548 appoint1557 place1563 assumptc1571 dispose1578 seat1595 state1604 instate1613 to bring ina1616 officea1616 constitute1616 impose1617 ascribe1624 install1647 to set up1685 prick1788 1548 N. Bodrugan Epitome Title to Souereigntie Scotl. sig. fv Edwarde..mynded not to take the possession of that kyngdome in his awne right, but was contented to establish Balioll to be king thereof. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) i. iii. 85 The Senators to morrow Meane to establish Cæsar as a King. View more context for this quotation 1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 102 Since the Turks established in Europe. 1690–1700 Order of Hospitalls sig. Bv To deliver unto suche [Bedells] as then remayne, their Staves, and again astablishe them. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 73/2 Numa..with a view to establish himself in the people's good graces..attempted to soften them. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §298 The workmen being established in the house..every one went to the occupation allotted. 1815 W. H. Ireland Scribbleomania 96 If a writer be desirous of establishing himself as a candid censor of literature. 1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. lvii. 205 His first object was to establish Eumenes in his satrapy. 1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands iii. 92 The gentlemen of the party..established themselves in very comfortable rooms. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §5. 83 The Jewish traders..were enabled by the royal protection to establish themselves in separate quarters. †b. To provide for the maintenance of (persons). Obsolete. Cf. settle v. ΚΠ 1644 King Charles I in Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion (1703) II. viii. 431 [He appointed them] to consider..in what manner his Family should be established. 1872 H. Lawrenny in Fortn. Rev. Mar. 313 Heads of families ceased..to dower and ‘establish’ the daughters of the house. 5. a. To set up or bring about permanently (a state of things); to ‘create’ (a precedent); to introduce and secure permanent acceptance for (a custom, a belief). Also, to secure for oneself, gain permanently (a reputation, a position). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > found or establish > establish a state of things to set up1431 establish1600 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 86 But to establish heere a peace indeede. View more context for this quotation 1814 Stock-Exchange laid Open 5 It establishes a price in the market. 1826 J. F. Cooper Last of Mohicans I. ii. 20 The most confirmed gait that he could establish was a Canterbury gallop with the hind legs. a1832 J. Mackintosh Causes Revol. in Wks. (1846) II. 164 He had established, by his own sole authority, the most unbounded liberty of worship. 1861 J. Tulloch Eng. Puritanism ii. 177 In the remaining years of Milton's academic career, he established a high reputation for scholarship. 1864 C. Dickens Our Mutual Friend (1865) I. i. vi. 52 It has been hard work to establish order here. 1885 Manch. Examiner 13 July 5/3 The French troops have pretty well established their ascendency in the capital. b. To erect into (a rule, etc.). †Also (with complement), to secure in a certain condition. ΚΠ 1795 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) IV. 113 Emergencies which threatened our country with slavery, but ended in establishing it free. 1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. i. 17 If..such a tyranny is allowed to be established into a principle..the English will avail themselves of it in order to assert the same as a right. c. Cards. to establish a suit (see quot.). ΚΠ 1862 ‘Cavendish’ Princ. Whist (1879) 56 Twos and threes may become quite as valuable [as higher cards] when the suit is established. 1876 A. Campbell-Walker Correct Card Gloss. p. xi A suit is said to be established when you have exhausted all the best cards in it which were against you. d. Cinematography, etc. To introduce and secure the identity or position of (a character, set, etc.). ΚΠ 1948 E. Lindgren Art of Film 205 Establishing shot, long shot introduced at the beginning of a scene to establish the inter-relationship of details to be shown subsequently in nearer shots. 1960 O. Skilbeck ABC of Film & TV Working Terms 48 Artists, or items in sets, are said to be established once they have been photographed. From then on, their positions must be held. 1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 252 Establishing an effect. Allowing it sufficient time (and volume, which may be greater than that subsequently used) for it to register in the listener's mind. 1966 Listener 22 Sept. 426/3 Lillian Hellman's screenplay..deserves credit for the swiftly efficient manner in which the numerous main characters are established. 6. a. To place beyond dispute; to prove (a proposition, claim, accusation); rarely with personal object and complement. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)] i-sothea925 soothec950 fanda1000 kitheOE betell1048 showc1175 prove?c1225 treousec1275 stablisha1325 approve1340 verifyc1386 justifya1393 tryc1412 answer?a1425 appreve?c1450 to make gooda1470 convictc1475 averifyc1503 arguea1513 find1512 pree1515 comprobate1531 demonstrate1538 conclude1549 convince1555 argument1558 evict1571 avoucha1593 evidencea1601 remonstrate1601 clear1605 attaint1609 monstrate1609 evince1610 evince1611 improve1613 remonstrance1621 to make out1653 ascertain1670 to bring off1674 to make (something) to through1675 render1678 substantiatea1691 establisha1704 to bring out1727 realize1763 validate1775 a1704 T. Brown Ess. Satire Ancients in Wks. (1730) I. 21 He has establish'd..five or six essential differences between those two poems. 1767 B. Gooch Pract. Treat. Wounds I. 134 This doctrine Cæsar Magatus and Belloste have taken great pains to establish. 1801 M. Edgeworth Prussian Vase in Moral Tales III. 36 If he fail to establish in your minds the innocence of the count. 1870 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) I. App. 644 His great point, which he seems to me fully to establish. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country i. 266 Some better theory..Than would establish Him participant In doings yonder. 1885 Sir C. P. Butt in Law Times Rep. 53 61/1 It is..extremely difficult to establish a case of negligence against the steamer. b. To affirm judicially the validity of (a disputed will). ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > bequeath by will [verb (transitive)] > affirm validity of will provec1436 probate1720 establish1806 1806 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. VI. 291 Upon a bill to establish this will..Sir Joseph Jekyll declared, that etc. 7. From 16th cent. often used with reference to ecclesiastical ceremonies or organization, and to the recognized national church or its religion; in early use chiefly passive in sense 2 (esp. in phrase by law established, i.e. ‘prescribed or settled by law’), but sometimes with mixture of senses 3 – 5. Hence in later use: To place (a church or a religious body) in the position of a national or state church. ΚΠ 1558 Act 1 Eliz. c. 2. §27 Laws wherein..any other service is limited, established, or set forth to be used within this realm. 1592 Sc. Acts 12 Parl. Jas. VI §114 The trew and halie Kirk, presentlie established within this Realme. 1642 King's Protest. 19 Sept. in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) II. 21 I will..defend and maintain The True Reformed Protestant Religion established in the Church of England. 1660 King Charles II Declar. Eccl. Affairs 8 The..esteem we have for the Church of England, as it is established by Law. a1732 E. Calamy Life (1830) I. i. 73 Opposition to the church by law established. 1733 J. Swift Presbyterians Plea Merit 5 Which [Presbyterian] Sect was..established in all its Forms, by..an Ordinance of the Lords and Commons. 1838 W. E. Gladstone State Relations with Church 108 What is established is by the very force of the term likewise endowed. Draft additions 1993 c. In weakened use: to determine or ascertain; to find out. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)] seeOE fanda1000 finda1200 kenc1330 lenda1350 agropea1393 contrive1393 to find outc1405 outsearch?a1439 ripec1440 inventc1475 disclose?a1500 fish1531 agnize?1570 discover1585 to grope out1590 out-find1590 expiscate1598 vent1611 to learn out1629 to get to know1643 develop1653 ascertain1794 stag1796 root1866 to get a line on1903 establish1919 1919 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 17 May 872/1 The geophone..is now being used by the Bureau of Mines..in establishing the location of miners who have been entombed after a disaster. 1940 W. Faulkner Hamlet iii. ii. 223 So he held himself still.., trying..to establish whether he was above or below the tree. 1965 ‘W. Trevor’ Boarding-house xii. 139 She was looking through the clothes, trying to establish what belonged to whom. 1984 S. Abraham & D. Llewellyn-Jones Eating Disorders v. 37 The purpose of the questions is to try to establish whether the patient is prepared to alter her eating behaviour. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < v.c1374
随便看	moose-fly moose-head moose-hunt moose-hunting moose-maple mooseberry moosebird moosebirds mooseburger moosecalling moosefly moosehead moosehide moosehunt moosehunting moosemaple moosewood moosewoods moosey moosey-looking mooseylooking moot moot case moot court moot courtroom