epicureann.adj.

Brit.

/ˌɛpᵻkjᵿˈriːən/, U.S.

/ˌɛpəkjəˈriən/,

/ˌɛpəˈkjʊriən/

Forms:

α. Middle English epycurien, Middle English epycuryen, Middle English–1500s epicurien, 1500s– epicurian, 1600s epycurian.

β. 1500s epicureane, 1500s– epicurean, 1600s– epicuraean.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French epicurien ; Latin Epicūrēus , -an suffix.

Etymology: Partly (i) < Middle French epicurien, epycurien (French épicurien ) (noun) follower or student of Epicurus (a1375), (adjective) devoted to the pursuit of pleasure (1561 in the passage translated in quot. 1583 at sense B. 2, or earlier; rare before the early 18th century), of or relating to Epicurus (1581 in the passage translated in quot. 1586 at sense B. 1, or earlier; < Epicure , the name of the Athenian philosopher ( < classical Latin Epicūrus : see epicure n.) + -ien -ian suffix), and partly (ii) < classical Latin Epicūrēus, Epicūrīus of or relating to Epicurus, in post-classical Latin also profligate (12th century in British sources) ( < Hellenistic Greek Ἐπικούρειος of or relating to Epicurus < Ἐπίκουρος Epicurus (see epicure n.) + -ειος, suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix.With use as noun compare classical Latin Epicūrēī (plural), Hellenistic Greek οἱ Ἐπικούρειοι (plural) disciples of Epicurus, and also earlier Epicuree n. With use as adjective compare earlier epicure adj., epicureal adj., epicurious adj., epicury adj. With the α. forms compare -ian suffix.

A. n.

1. Usually with capital initial. A follower or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus (341–270 b.c.); a person who holds views similar to those of Epicurus.Epicurus, whose philosophy was in various ways a refinement of the materialistic atomism of Democritus, distinctively taught (i) that pleasure is the only intrinsically valuable thing, though a tranquil life of moderation is the best way to secure it, and (ii) that the gods are not to be feared since they do not concern themselves at all with human affairs.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Epicureanism > adherent of

Epicureec1384

epicurean?c1400

epicurea1450

Epicurist1579

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. iii. l. 189 Þe heritage of wyche socrates..Whan þat þe people of epicuriens [L. epicureum] and stoyciens and many oþer enforceden hem to go rauische eueryche man for his part.

1556 N. Grimald in tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 156 Reasoning against Epicureans: who placed feliciti in voluptuousnesse, contrarie to temperaunce.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 1072 Cassius beeing in opinion an Epicvrian.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Oo4^v Velleius the Epicurian needed not to haue asked, why God should haue adorned the Heauens with Starres.

1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 164 He may think with the Epicurean, that God is an Idle, unactive Being.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iv. xvi. 244 The very Epicureans allowed the Being of Gods.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe III. v. 462 Testi..had taken..Horace for his model; and perhaps like him he wished to appear sometimes a stoic, sometimes an epicurean.

1885 W. Pater (title) Marius the Epicurean.

1934 T. V. Smith Creative Sceptics i. 12 The Epicureans..gathered themselves together in small groups in order to shut the world out.

2001 Washington Post (Nexis) 11 Mar. 15 t The Epicureans held that each person is completely free in his actions.

2. A person devoted to sensual pleasure, esp. to eating and drinking; a hedonist; a glutton. In later use also: a person who cultivates a refined taste for, or takes a particular pleasure in, fine food and drink; an epicure. In early use chiefly depreciative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > sensualist

epicureana1450

fleshling1548

epicure?1551

carnalite1573

sensualist1604

akolast1606

voluptuarya1610

pleasure-monger1616

voluptary1616

carnalist1621

akolastic1623

woman of pleasure1623

pleasurista1682

luxurist1690

good liver1784

sensuist1840

liver1849

voluptuarian1879

a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) l. 225 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 381 (MED) Fals lust..of epicuriens.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 12786 ‘I wolde se What Epicuriens sholde be.’..‘That perfyt ffelycyte Ys, that a man lyk hys delyt, ffolwe alway hys appetyt.’

a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. (1587) 188 Simon Preaston..a right Epicurian.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) i. iii. 21 Those poor brutish Epicureans that have nothing but the meer husks of fleshly pleasure to feed themselves with.

1728 S. Whatley tr. J. Lenfant Hist. Council of Constance I. 577 Jerome was such an Epicurean in his Prison, that he spent his whole Time in Drunkenness and Gluttony.

1825 W. Scott Talisman x, in Tales Crusaders III. 250 He was a voluptuary and an epicurean.

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 256 A horde of lazy epicureans, telling beads and indulging themselves in luxurious vice.

1935 Washington Post 16 Oct. 5 There are a few real epicureans of the table.

2008 National Jeweler 1 Oct. 18 It [sc. chocolate] has become a bonbon for adults, to be savored by epicureans.

B. adj.

1. Usually with capital initial. Of or relating to Epicurus, or to the ethical and physical system of philosophy developed by him. Also: having, or characterized by, beliefs regarded as analogous to those of Epicurus, esp. regarding religion (see epicure n. 1b).See note at sense A. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > [adjective] > of Epicurean philosophy

epicury1545

epicureala1555

epicurean1561

Epicurical?1573

epicurizing1664

1561 H. Bennet tr. P. Melanchthon Hyst. Lyfe & Actes M. Luther in Famous & Godly Hist. Three Reformers sig. G.iii His doctrine contayned no sedicious opinions iniuriously and wyth temerarious affection sowen, as the Epicurean sect imagineth.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 468 Fortune being an Epicurian [Fr. Epicurien] worde, rather than an Heathenish.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 5 That Epicurean doctrine, whose only drift is..to turne men from all religion.

1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iii. iii. 402 It was no Epicurean speech of an Epicure.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. ii. §11 The Atomical or Epicurean Hypothesis.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) III. xii. 378 That chief good of an Epicurean life, his private ease and safety.

1795 M. Edgeworth Lett. for Lit. Ladies 67 Were I attempting to recommend chemistry to certain Epicurean philosophers, I should say that a good cook was only an empirical chemist.

1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism ii. 11 There is no known Epicurean theory of life which does not assign to the pleasures of the intellect..a much higher value as pleasures than to those of mere sensation.

1890 Q. Rev. 160 289 Voltaire..we might call, by an oxymoron which has plenty of truth in it, an ‘Epicurean pessimist’.

1953 D. Diringer Bk. before Printing vi. 256 The owner of the library was a philosopher who specialized in Epicurean philosophy.

2011 N.Y. Times 2 Oct. (Book Review section) 18/2 We do better to live by the simple Epicurean law: Seek pleasure, avoid pain.

2015 Guardian 21 Oct. 37/3 Mindfulness has previous. It is the grandchild of two earlier therapies, samatha and ataraxia, Buddhist and Epicurean strategies for avoiding perturbation.

2. Originally: devoted to the pursuit of pleasure; (hence) hedonistic, gluttonous. Now chiefly: designating a person who takes a particular pleasure in fine food and drink; characteristic of, or suitable for, such a person; gourmet. Cf. epicure n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [adjective]

sensible?a1425

voluptuousc1440

sensual1502

epicurish1548

epicurious1553

epicureala1555

epicurean1583

volupt1585

flesh-pleasing1647

sensuistic1839

sensuous1858

apolaustic1871

1583 W. Chauncie tr. P. Viret Worlde Possessed with Deuils ii. sig. F.vi Their Epicurian life [Fr. leur vie Epicurienne], giuen ouer to al filthinesse and enormitie.

1612 C. Demetrius tr. Most True Relation Earth-quake sig. B2^v All at their plenteous and Epicurean voluptuous tables, fall to drinking, swilling, and carowsing deepe healths.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. i. 24 Epicurean Cookes, Sharpen with cloylesse sawce his Appetite.

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 84 Warming their Palace Kitchins, and from thence their unctuous, and epicurean paunches.

1656 A. Cowley Misc. 37 in Poems Voluptuous, and Wise with all, Epicuraean Animal!

1750 Student 1 No. 6. 214 I'll be temperate, and stoutly withstand all the allurements of delicious fare, and the seducements of epicurean companions.

1765 Parasite II. xvii. 204 He dined at the Twopence Halfpenny Ordinary in Newgate Street (which we cannot suppose to have been a very Epicurean Meal).

1826 Monitor (Sydney) 15 Dec. 245/3 He who has fed upon corn for six-months, can eat a ‘fat cake’, with a true epicurean relish.

1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets vi. 15 No longer an earnest Nation, but a light, sceptical epicurean one.

1856 H. Penciller Rural Life in Amer. viii. 222 An epicurean fare we lived on, too.

1934 G. Ross Tips on Tables 37 An entree to delight any epicurean soul.

1954 Life 1 Feb. 44/2 Fancy preparing an epicurean feast so fast!

2008 IPA Rev. (Austral.) July 11/2 Slow food is not just an epicurean delight—it is a political and ideological movement.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	epicurean
释义	epicureann.adj. Brit. /ˌɛpᵻkjᵿˈriːən/, U.S. /ˌɛpəkjəˈriən/, /ˌɛpəˈkjʊriən/ Forms: α. Middle English epycurien, Middle English epycuryen, Middle English–1500s epicurien, 1500s– epicurian, 1600s epycurian. β. 1500s epicureane, 1500s– epicurean, 1600s– epicuraean. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: French epicurien ; Latin Epicūrēus , -an suffix. Etymology: Partly (i) < Middle French epicurien, epycurien (French épicurien ) (noun) follower or student of Epicurus (a1375), (adjective) devoted to the pursuit of pleasure (1561 in the passage translated in quot. 1583 at sense B. 2, or earlier; rare before the early 18th century), of or relating to Epicurus (1581 in the passage translated in quot. 1586 at sense B. 1, or earlier; < Epicure , the name of the Athenian philosopher ( < classical Latin Epicūrus : see epicure n.) + -ien -ian suffix), and partly (ii) < classical Latin Epicūrēus, Epicūrīus of or relating to Epicurus, in post-classical Latin also profligate (12th century in British sources) ( < Hellenistic Greek Ἐπικούρειος of or relating to Epicurus < Ἐπίκουρος Epicurus (see epicure n.) + -ειος, suffix forming adjectives) + -an suffix.With use as noun compare classical Latin Epicūrēī (plural), Hellenistic Greek οἱ Ἐπικούρειοι (plural) disciples of Epicurus, and also earlier Epicuree n. With use as adjective compare earlier epicure adj., epicureal adj., epicurious adj., epicury adj. With the α. forms compare -ian suffix. A. n. 1. Usually with capital initial. A follower or student of the Greek philosopher Epicurus (341–270 b.c.); a person who holds views similar to those of Epicurus.Epicurus, whose philosophy was in various ways a refinement of the materialistic atomism of Democritus, distinctively taught (i) that pleasure is the only intrinsically valuable thing, though a tranquil life of moderation is the best way to secure it, and (ii) that the gods are not to be feared since they do not concern themselves at all with human affairs. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > Epicureanism > adherent of Epicureec1384 epicurean?c1400 epicurea1450 Epicurist1579 ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) i. pr. iii. l. 189 Þe heritage of wyche socrates..Whan þat þe people of epicuriens [L. epicureum] and stoyciens and many oþer enforceden hem to go rauische eueryche man for his part. 1556 N. Grimald in tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties iii. f. 156 Reasoning against Epicureans: who placed feliciti in voluptuousnesse, contrarie to temperaunce. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 1072 Cassius beeing in opinion an Epicvrian. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Oo4^v Velleius the Epicurian needed not to haue asked, why God should haue adorned the Heauens with Starres. View more context for this quotation 1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 164 He may think with the Epicurean, that God is an Idle, unactive Being. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. iv. xvi. 244 The very Epicureans allowed the Being of Gods. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe III. v. 462 Testi..had taken..Horace for his model; and perhaps like him he wished to appear sometimes a stoic, sometimes an epicurean. 1885 W. Pater (title) Marius the Epicurean. 1934 T. V. Smith Creative Sceptics i. 12 The Epicureans..gathered themselves together in small groups in order to shut the world out. 2001 Washington Post (Nexis) 11 Mar. 15 t The Epicureans held that each person is completely free in his actions. 2. A person devoted to sensual pleasure, esp. to eating and drinking; a hedonist; a glutton. In later use also: a person who cultivates a refined taste for, or takes a particular pleasure in, fine food and drink; an epicure. In early use chiefly depreciative. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > sensualist epicureana1450 fleshling1548 epicure?1551 carnalite1573 sensualist1604 akolast1606 voluptuarya1610 pleasure-monger1616 voluptary1616 carnalist1621 akolastic1623 woman of pleasure1623 pleasurista1682 luxurist1690 good liver1784 sensuist1840 liver1849 voluptuarian1879 a1450 (c1435) J. Lydgate Life SS. Edmund & Fremund (Harl.) l. 225 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1881) 2nd Ser. 381 (MED) Fals lust..of epicuriens. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 12786 ‘I wolde se What Epicuriens sholde be.’..‘That perfyt ffelycyte Ys, that a man lyk hys delyt, ffolwe alway hys appetyt.’ a1572 J. Knox Hist. Reformation Scotl. (1587) 188 Simon Preaston..a right Epicurian. a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) i. iii. 21 Those poor brutish Epicureans that have nothing but the meer husks of fleshly pleasure to feed themselves with. 1728 S. Whatley tr. J. Lenfant Hist. Council of Constance I. 577 Jerome was such an Epicurean in his Prison, that he spent his whole Time in Drunkenness and Gluttony. 1825 W. Scott Talisman x, in Tales Crusaders III. 250 He was a voluptuary and an epicurean. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 256 A horde of lazy epicureans, telling beads and indulging themselves in luxurious vice. 1935 Washington Post 16 Oct. 5 There are a few real epicureans of the table. 2008 National Jeweler 1 Oct. 18 It [sc. chocolate] has become a bonbon for adults, to be savored by epicureans. B. adj. 1. Usually with capital initial. Of or relating to Epicurus, or to the ethical and physical system of philosophy developed by him. Also: having, or characterized by, beliefs regarded as analogous to those of Epicurus, esp. regarding religion (see epicure n. 1b).See note at sense A. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > [adjective] > of Epicurean philosophy epicury1545 epicureala1555 epicurean1561 Epicurical?1573 epicurizing1664 1561 H. Bennet tr. P. Melanchthon Hyst. Lyfe & Actes M. Luther in Famous & Godly Hist. Three Reformers sig. G.iii His doctrine contayned no sedicious opinions iniuriously and wyth temerarious affection sowen, as the Epicurean sect imagineth. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 468 Fortune being an Epicurian [Fr. Epicurien] worde, rather than an Heathenish. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 5 That Epicurean doctrine, whose only drift is..to turne men from all religion. 1621 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy ii. iii. iii. 402 It was no Epicurean speech of an Epicure. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ iii. ii. §11 The Atomical or Epicurean Hypothesis. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero (1742) III. xii. 378 That chief good of an Epicurean life, his private ease and safety. 1795 M. Edgeworth Lett. for Lit. Ladies 67 Were I attempting to recommend chemistry to certain Epicurean philosophers, I should say that a good cook was only an empirical chemist. 1861 J. S. Mill Utilitarianism ii. 11 There is no known Epicurean theory of life which does not assign to the pleasures of the intellect..a much higher value as pleasures than to those of mere sensation. 1890 Q. Rev. 160 289 Voltaire..we might call, by an oxymoron which has plenty of truth in it, an ‘Epicurean pessimist’. 1953 D. Diringer Bk. before Printing vi. 256 The owner of the library was a philosopher who specialized in Epicurean philosophy. 2011 N.Y. Times 2 Oct. (Book Review section) 18/2 We do better to live by the simple Epicurean law: Seek pleasure, avoid pain. 2015 Guardian 21 Oct. 37/3 Mindfulness has previous. It is the grandchild of two earlier therapies, samatha and ataraxia, Buddhist and Epicurean strategies for avoiding perturbation. 2. Originally: devoted to the pursuit of pleasure; (hence) hedonistic, gluttonous. Now chiefly: designating a person who takes a particular pleasure in fine food and drink; characteristic of, or suitable for, such a person; gourmet. Cf. epicure n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [adjective] sensible?a1425 voluptuousc1440 sensual1502 epicurish1548 epicurious1553 epicureala1555 epicurean1583 volupt1585 flesh-pleasing1647 sensuistic1839 sensuous1858 apolaustic1871 1583 W. Chauncie tr. P. Viret Worlde Possessed with Deuils ii. sig. F.vi Their Epicurian life [Fr. leur vie Epicurienne], giuen ouer to al filthinesse and enormitie. 1612 C. Demetrius tr. Most True Relation Earth-quake sig. B2^v All at their plenteous and Epicurean voluptuous tables, fall to drinking, swilling, and carowsing deepe healths. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. i. 24 Epicurean Cookes, Sharpen with cloylesse sawce his Appetite. View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 84 Warming their Palace Kitchins, and from thence their unctuous, and epicurean paunches. 1656 A. Cowley Misc. 37 in Poems Voluptuous, and Wise with all, Epicuraean Animal! 1750 Student 1 No. 6. 214 I'll be temperate, and stoutly withstand all the allurements of delicious fare, and the seducements of epicurean companions. 1765 Parasite II. xvii. 204 He dined at the Twopence Halfpenny Ordinary in Newgate Street (which we cannot suppose to have been a very Epicurean Meal). 1826 Monitor (Sydney) 15 Dec. 245/3 He who has fed upon corn for six-months, can eat a ‘fat cake’, with a true epicurean relish. 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets vi. 15 No longer an earnest Nation, but a light, sceptical epicurean one. 1856 H. Penciller Rural Life in Amer. viii. 222 An epicurean fare we lived on, too. 1934 G. Ross Tips on Tables 37 An entree to delight any epicurean soul. 1954 Life 1 Feb. 44/2 Fancy preparing an epicurean feast so fast! 2008 IPA Rev. (Austral.) July 11/2 Slow food is not just an epicurean delight—it is a political and ideological movement. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.?c1400
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