engrossv.

Brit.

/ᵻnˈɡrəʊs/,

/ɛnˈɡrəʊs/,

/ᵻŋˈɡrəʊs/,

/ɛŋˈɡrəʊs/, U.S.

/ᵻnˈɡroʊs/,

/ɛnˈɡroʊs/

Forms: α. Middle English engrosy, Middle English–1600s engrose, 1500s–1600s engrosse, Middle English engroce, Middle English– engross. β. Middle English–1700s ingrosse, Middle English–1600s ingrose, (Middle English ingroos), Middle English–1500s ingroce.

Etymology: Three distinct formations, from elements ultimately identical. (1) In senses 1, 2 < Anglo-Norman engrosser (medieval Latin ingrossāre ) to write in large letters, < grosse = medieval Latin grossa large writing, a transcript in large letters (feminine of grossus large, thick: see gross adj.). (2) In senses 3 – 7 < phrase in gross , French en gros = ‘in the lump, by wholesale’. Anglo-Norman engrosser and Anglo-Latin ingrossare in sense 3 are found in the Statutes. (3) In senses 8 – 11 < French engrosser to make big, thick, or gross, corresponding to Provençal engrossar , Spanish engrosar , Italian ingrossare < late Latin ingrossāre , < in- (see in- prefix¹) + grossus stout, thick, gross adj.

I. To write in large.

a. transitive. To write in large letters; chiefly, and now almost exclusively, to write in a peculiar character appropriate to legal documents; hence, to write out or express in legal form. Also absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > write out in fair hand

engrossc1430

enrolc1430

gross1513

fair-copy1739

α.

1304 Year-bks. 32–33 Edw. I 315 Quant une fin est engrossé em ne resortira james a bref ne a note chalanger.]

c1430 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes 2098 Engrosed vp..And enrolled only for witnesse In ȝoure regestres.

1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 379 The actes of the yelde..shullen be enacted and engrossed in a quayer of parchemyn.

1557 Ord. Hospitalls F vij The whole accompt..yow shall engrosse and write faire into a Booke.

1591 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 199 For engrossing his will, twice unto paipar, after unto parchment.

1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. D^v Her name..I will..in the ground..engrosse, And fill with stones.

1632 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 164 Bampton and his wife brought their answere readie drawen to him and desired him to engrosse it.

1664–5 S. Pepys Diary II. 337 The story of the several Archbishops of Canterbury, engrossed in vellum.

1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 18 A Clerck..Who pens a Stanza when he should engross.

1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 19 The fine being engrossed and completed as a fine of Michaelmas term.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 285 The clerk of Court..proceeded to engross in the record the yet unknown verdict.

1860 J. Forster Deb. Grand Remonstr. 213 That the Declaration should be duly engrossed, and again brought in..the next day.

β. 1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 13^v Wee haue drawen and ingrossed his bookes.1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. viii. i. 176 They will haue the bille ingrossed, that is to saie, put in parchment.1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iv. 147 This was openly ingrossed in publicke Tables.1640–4 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 350 The Charge ingrossed against Inigo Jones upon the Complaint of the Parishioners of St. Gregories.1660 A. Marvell Let. 27 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 5 The Bill upon reading the amendments was ordered to be ingrossed.1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §314 Instructions..fairly ingrossed.

†b. Hence, to put into regular shape; to arrange (a matter). Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > specific matters of any kind

engross1430

redd?a1513

convene1521

to set a stay1538

solute1560

set1605

to wind up1780

arrange1837

square1853

1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. xxxiv To call his lordes..And his lyeges to assemble yfere Fynally to engroce this mattere.

a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giiii^v Yet let vs se this matter thorowly ingrosed.

†c. To name in a formal document, to write the name of; hence, to include in a list. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > specify or state precisely > by name > in a formal document

engross1589

1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. **^v Mongst this kinde of men..I can but ingrosse some deepe read Grammarians.

1605 Answer Supposed Discov. Romish Doctr. 2 Engrossing him in the Catalogue of censured, excommunicate and denounced Hereticks.

1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia i. 48 T'engrosse their names, within his Register.

1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 2 They stand aloof from the knowledge of most of the particulars therein to be ingrost.

†2. transferred. To portray in large. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)] > in large

engrossa1552

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1712) VIII. 22 An High Tumbe of Marble, but no Image engrossid on it.

II. To deal with ‘in the gross’.

†3.

a. To buy up wholesale; esp. to buy up the whole stock, or as much as possible, of (a commodity) for the purpose of ‘regrating’ or retailing it at a monopoly price. Obsolete exc. Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > illegal or immoral trading > trade in (goods) illegally or immorally [verb (transitive)] > buy up (goods) for resale or monopoly

engrossa1400

forestall14..

grossc1440

regrate1444

badge1552

to engross the market1804

pinhook1885

society > trade and finance > illegal or immoral trading > trade in (goods) illegally or immorally [verb (transitive)] > buy up (goods) for resale or monopoly > buy up to prevent sales at (market)

forestall1362

stall1474

engross1872

a1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 353 No regratour ne go owt of town for to engrosy þe chaffare.

1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth iii. f. 7 Their Nobilitie..vse to engrosse it.

1622 E. Misselden Free Trade 71 Some one or few..doe ioine together to engrosse and buy in a Commodity.

a1634 J. Day Parl. Bees (Lansd. 725) f. 34 Fucus yo^w that Engrost our Hony dewe bought wax and Hony vp byth Great.

1647 T. May Hist. Parl. i. ii. 17 Disarming the people by engrossing of Gunpowder..and setting so high a rate upon it.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. viii. 490 One man was fined and set in the pillory for engrossing corn.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 379 Edicts..against engrossing the market.

β. 1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Kv Forstallynge, regratyng..ingrossynge of marchaundise.1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 123 Salt..they by authoritie did ingrosse for the king.1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 262 You have so ingrossed and bought up all the ammunition of Railing.

†b. with reference to land. Obsolete.

1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 172 The false..notion..induces them to Engross great Tracts of Land.

1728 J. Swift Answer Memorial 3 Graziers..are ready to engross great Quantities of Land.

1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 53 Complaints are every where made of engrossing farms.

4. transferred and figurative.

Thesaurus »

†a. To get together, collect from all quarters; also to engross up (obsolete).

b. To gain or keep exclusive possession of; to concentrate (property, trade, privileges, functions) in one's own possession (often with the notion of unfairness or injury to others); to ‘monopolize’.

ΘΠ

the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > have exclusive possession of

to make a monopoly of1576

engross1598

monopolize1628

α.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 148 Percy is but my factor..To engrosse vp glorious deeds on my behalfe.

1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iv. ii. sig. G3^v And you engrose 'hem all for your owne vse.

1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy ii. 18 You, Aretus, and I, ingrosse..Th' affairs of gouernment.

1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Medici ii. §5 (1656) With my friend I desire not to share or participate, but to engrosse his sorrowes.

1694 F. Slare in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 218 He..engrossed all the Pyrites or Copperas-stone to himself.

a1740 T. Tickell To Addison on Cato (R.) Too long hath love engross'd Britannia's stage.

1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. iii. 34 The men being allowed to engross as many women as they can maintain.

1832 J. Austin Province Jurispr. vi. 225 In most actual societies, the sovereign powers are engrossed by a single member of the whole.

a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. iv. 212 Seeing a single person engross the conversation.

β. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. vii. 36 Your Marriners are Militers, Reapers, people Ingrost by swift Impresse. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 191 I haue..ingross'd opportunities to meete her. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 7 Som..would ingrosse to themselves the whole trade of interpreting.1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. xi. 75 Abundance of wealth..was then ingrossed in the possession of some few particular persons.1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 310 This Duty of Alms-giving, which is so eminent a part of Charity that it has in a Manner ingross'd the Name of it.1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 457 Our rulers ought not to allow..the Mushohge to ingross this vast forest.1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. 309 Grasping at an opportunity to ingross this trade to themselves.

†c. To attribute exclusively to.Apparently an isolated use.

1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. vii. 95 A power of remitting sinnes, which we hope he will not ingrosse to Bishops, excluding Presbyters.

a. Of things: To require the entire use of, take altogether to itself; to occupy entirely, absorb.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] > require the entire use of

engross1596

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xii. lxxv. 306 Skarlet Hats meane while and Stoles have not ingro'st the Sport.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vii. 395 Norfolke Rebellion, as nearer London, engrossed all warlike provisions.

1774 J. Beattie Minstrel: 2nd Bk. xxvii. 14 Pondering on former days, by guilt engross'd.

1804 H. T. Colebrooke Remarks Husbandry & Commerce Bengal (new ed.) v. 154 From this country [India]..Europe was antiently supplied with it [indigo], until the produce of America engrossed the market.

1810 H. Townsend Statist. Surv. County Cork vi. 201 Potatoes, the crop of their main subsistence, engrosses almost the whole of their manure, as well as of their labour.

1874 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David IV. Ps. lxxx. 8 The old trees, which long had engrossed the soil.

b. Of an object of thought or feeling: To draw entirely to itself, occupy exclusively, absorb (the affections, attention, mind, time, etc.).

ΘΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] > hold attention, absorb

swallowc1330

deepc1380

dare1547

suspend1561

preoccupy1567

devour1568

to swallow up1581

enwrap1589

invest1601

steep1603

to take up1603

spell1646

possess1653

enchain1658

engross1661

absorb1749

fix1752

rivet1762

fascinate1782

spell-bind1808

arrest1814

mesmerize1862

to turn on1903

get1913

consume1999

α.

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing vi. 61 Philosophy would not have engross'd our Pen.

1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 115 If Man, alone, engross not Heav'ns high Care.

a1759 W. Collins in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1788) 1 ii. 69 They, whose sight such dreary dreams engross.

1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xi. 69 A measure so singularly daring, that it..engrosses all our resentment.

1781 W. Cowper Let. 2 Apr. (1979) I. 460 My Morning is ingrossed by the Garden.

1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 4 Letting the generation we live in engross nearly all our admiration.

1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. iii. 45 The captain obtained his audience, and engrossed the watchfulness of the retainers.

β. 1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iii. i. sig. R2 Without leaving behind them any thing that can..entertain our Sight in the very place, where before they Ingrossd it.1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xxiii. 148 This will so ingross the dear Lady's Pen.1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. ix. 257 The attention of the French king..was ingrossed.

6. To absorb or engage the whole attention or all the faculties of.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 50. ⁋1 Orlando believed himself..not to be engross'd by any particular Affection.

1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xi. 202 The Degree in which Self-love engrosses us.

a1817 J. Austen Lady Susan xx, in Wks. (1954) VI. 278 The folly of the young Man, and the confusion of Frederica entirely engrossed him.

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxii. 219 Marsumah and Meteh had been engrossed with their bird-catching.

1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton viii. 118 He was entirely engrossed in attending to her wants.

7. In certain strained figurative uses, apparently derived from 3:

†a. To include altogether. Obsolete. rare (suggested by the rhyme).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > incorporate or include [verb (transitive)]

beclipc1230

beshut1340

contain1340

comprehendc1374

continue1377

begripe1393

close1393

incorpor1398

conceive?c1400

includec1475

engrossa1500

complect1523

conclude?1523

employ1528

to take in1534

retain1577

surmise1578

imprehend1590

immerse1605

comprise1651

involve1651

complexa1657

embrace1697

incorporate1824

embody1847

cover1868

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xix. 225 Almyghty God in persons thre, All in oone substance ay ingroost.

†b. In 17th cent.: To get hold of (an idea); to conceive (a sentiment) (obsolete).

ΘΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > conceive, form in the mind [verb (transitive)]

readOE

thinkOE

bethinkc1175

makea1400

imaginec1400

conceive?a1425

suppose1586

conceit1591

ideate1610

braina1616

forma1616

engross1632

cogitate1856

conceptualize1873

1632 T. Heywood Iron Age ii. v, in Wks. (1874) III. 429 Proiects..for which I haue ingrost a mortall enuy here.

1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iii. i. sig. F5[3] Thou hast there ingrost Some rarity of wit to grace the Nuptials Of thy faire sister.

a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) sig. N3 Your prolong'd delay..made our Jealousy engross New fears.

III. To render gross, dense, or bulky.

†8. To render (fluids) gross or dense; to condense (vapours). Also intransitive for reflexive. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)]

congealc1384

sadc1384

resolvea1398

thightc1440

condense1477

constipate1546

condensate1555

engross1561

indense1576

sadden1600

settle1611

densate1613

solidate1640

corporify1644

conspissate1647

consolidate1653

conglaciate1660

solidify1799

densify1820

1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation ii. xix. sig. G.iii Rayne is made or engendred of moyste vapours which..are ingroced.

1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes i. xl. 49 The liuer..not beyng able to disgest them [crude humours]..they ingrose and become maligne.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxli. 239 Vapours and fumes..being ingrossed by coldnesse of the brayne, distil to the lower partes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R8 The waues thereof so slow and sluggish were, Engrost with mud.

†a. To make (the body) gross or fat; to fatten. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (transitive)] > fat or plump

farce14..

alarda1425

plum1561

enseam1562

lard1579

engross1587

impinguate1620

to put on1626

rotund1650

pinguedinize1656

bloat1677

to take ona1750

round1830

pinguefy1893

1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. i. 142 They [the Scotch]..so ingrosse their bodies.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vii. 76 He is..Not sleeping to ingrosse his idle body.

b. To make (the mind) gross or dull (archaic); formerly also intransitive for reflexive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > deaden or dull the emotions

stupefy?a1425

dullc1440

benumbc1485

slumber?1533

extinguish1540

extinct1542

numb1561

damp1570

hebetate1574

daunt1581

frostbite1593

hebete1597

blunt1600

unedgea1625

engross1626

astonish1635

consopite1647

bate1649

opiate1650

blura1653

hebescate1657

torpefy1808

dozena1810

dullify1838

hebetize1845

chloroform1849

narcotize1852

sodden1863

vastate1892

1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 120 It happeneth to soules, which are great louers of sensuall pleasures, to engrosse, thicken themselues.

a1628 F. Greville Treat. Humane Learning liii, in Certaine Wks. (1633) 33 Engrosse the minde.

1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 89 They were in the last stage of the heart's ossification, their faculties engrossed and imbruted.

†10. transitive. To make thick or bulky; to increase in size. Obsolete.

ΘΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)]

broada1250

room?1316

enlargec1380

largea1382

magnifya1382

alargec1384

spreada1387

amplify1432

brede1440

expanse1477

ampliatea1513

dilate1528

propagate1548

widen1566

explicate1578

expatiate1603

diduce1605

engross?1611

dilatate1613

biggen1643

promote1652

intend1658

expand1665

to run out1683

amplificate1731

broaden1744

outstretcha1758

largen1869

big1884

?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xviii. 640 Fire, invading city roofs, is suddenly engrost And made a wondrous mighty flame.

1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 27 Though Pillars by channelling, be seemingly ingrossed to our Sight.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 47 Materials of weight, as Sauder, wherewith an unconscionable Plummer can ingrosse his Bill.

†11. Military. [Compare Italian ingrossare in same senses.] To increase the numerical strength of (an army); also, to draw up (a battalion) in a compact body.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > organize military affairs [verb (transitive)] > increase numbers of army

engross1524

1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 376 Our armye was ingrocyd by the newe comyng of thies 8000 lanceknightes.

1581 T. Styward Pathwaie to Martiall Discipline i. 26 The companies being thus doubled & the battailes ingrosed..euerie ensigne maie seeke out his owne band.

1581 T. Styward Pathwaie to Martiall Discipline i. 27 Then doubling y^e ranks of these hargubuseirs..they must bee ingrossed.

1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples 53 They went on in ingrossing the militia.

1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 202 His Camp was not then very great, but he hoped to have it speedily ingrost by some Germans.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	engross
释义	engrossv. Brit. /ᵻnˈɡrəʊs/, /ɛnˈɡrəʊs/, /ᵻŋˈɡrəʊs/, /ɛŋˈɡrəʊs/, U.S. /ᵻnˈɡroʊs/, /ɛnˈɡroʊs/ Forms: α. Middle English engrosy, Middle English–1600s engrose, 1500s–1600s engrosse, Middle English engroce, Middle English– engross. β. Middle English–1700s ingrosse, Middle English–1600s ingrose, (Middle English ingroos), Middle English–1500s ingroce. Etymology: Three distinct formations, from elements ultimately identical. (1) In senses 1, 2 < Anglo-Norman engrosser (medieval Latin ingrossāre ) to write in large letters, < grosse = medieval Latin grossa large writing, a transcript in large letters (feminine of grossus large, thick: see gross adj.). (2) In senses 3 – 7 < phrase in gross , French en gros = ‘in the lump, by wholesale’. Anglo-Norman engrosser and Anglo-Latin ingrossare in sense 3 are found in the Statutes. (3) In senses 8 – 11 < French engrosser to make big, thick, or gross, corresponding to Provençal engrossar , Spanish engrosar , Italian ingrossare < late Latin ingrossāre , < in- (see in- prefix¹) + grossus stout, thick, gross adj. I. To write in large. 1. a. transitive. To write in large letters; chiefly, and now almost exclusively, to write in a peculiar character appropriate to legal documents; hence, to write out or express in legal form. Also absol. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [verb (transitive)] > write out in fair hand engrossc1430 enrolc1430 gross1513 fair-copy1739 α. 1304 Year-bks. 32–33 Edw. I 315 Quant une fin est engrossé em ne resortira james a bref ne a note chalanger.] c1430 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes 2098 Engrosed vp..And enrolled only for witnesse In ȝoure regestres. 1467 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 379 The actes of the yelde..shullen be enacted and engrossed in a quayer of parchemyn. 1557 Ord. Hospitalls F vij The whole accompt..yow shall engrosse and write faire into a Booke. 1591 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 199 For engrossing his will, twice unto paipar, after unto parchment. 1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. D^v Her name..I will..in the ground..engrosse, And fill with stones. 1632 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 164 Bampton and his wife brought their answere readie drawen to him and desired him to engrosse it. 1664–5 S. Pepys Diary II. 337 The story of the several Archbishops of Canterbury, engrossed in vellum. 1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot 18 A Clerck..Who pens a Stanza when he should engross. 1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 19 The fine being engrossed and completed as a fine of Michaelmas term. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 285 The clerk of Court..proceeded to engross in the record the yet unknown verdict. 1860 J. Forster Deb. Grand Remonstr. 213 That the Declaration should be duly engrossed, and again brought in..the next day. β. 1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 13^v Wee haue drawen and ingrossed his bookes.1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. viii. i. 176 They will haue the bille ingrossed, that is to saie, put in parchment.1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iv. 147 This was openly ingrossed in publicke Tables.1640–4 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 350 The Charge ingrossed against Inigo Jones upon the Complaint of the Parishioners of St. Gregories.1660 A. Marvell Let. 27 Nov. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 5 The Bill upon reading the amendments was ordered to be ingrossed.1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §314 Instructions..fairly ingrossed. †b. Hence, to put into regular shape; to arrange (a matter). Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > relative properties > order > put in (proper) order [verb (transitive)] > specific matters of any kind engross1430 redd?a1513 convene1521 to set a stay1538 solute1560 set1605 to wind up1780 arrange1837 square1853 1430 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. xxxiv To call his lordes..And his lyeges to assemble yfere Fynally to engroce this mattere. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Giiii^v Yet let vs se this matter thorowly ingrosed. †c. To name in a formal document, to write the name of; hence, to include in a list. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > the quality of being specific > make specific [verb (transitive)] > specify or state precisely > by name > in a formal document engross1589 1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. *^v Mongst this kinde of men..I can but ingrosse some deepe read Grammarians. 1605 Answer Supposed Discov. Romish Doctr.* 2 Engrossing him in the Catalogue of censured, excommunicate and denounced Hereticks. 1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia i. 48 T'engrosse their names, within his Register. 1660 R. Sharrock Hist. Propagation & Improvem. Veg. 2 They stand aloof from the knowledge of most of the particulars therein to be ingrost. †2. transferred. To portray in large. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)] > in large engrossa1552 a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1712) VIII. 22 An High Tumbe of Marble, but no Image engrossid on it. II. To deal with ‘in the gross’. †3. a. To buy up wholesale; esp. to buy up the whole stock, or as much as possible, of (a commodity) for the purpose of ‘regrating’ or retailing it at a monopoly price. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > illegal or immoral trading > trade in (goods) illegally or immorally [verb (transitive)] > buy up (goods) for resale or monopoly engrossa1400 forestall14.. grossc1440 regrate1444 badge1552 to engross the market1804 pinhook1885 society > trade and finance > illegal or immoral trading > trade in (goods) illegally or immorally [verb (transitive)] > buy up (goods) for resale or monopoly > buy up to prevent sales at (market) forestall1362 stall1474 engross1872 a1400 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 353 No regratour ne go owt of town for to engrosy þe chaffare. 1591 G. Fletcher Of Russe Common Wealth iii. f. 7 Their Nobilitie..vse to engrosse it. 1622 E. Misselden Free Trade 71 Some one or few..doe ioine together to engrosse and buy in a Commodity. a1634 J. Day Parl. Bees (Lansd. 725) f. 34 Fucus yo^w that Engrost our Hony dewe bought wax and Hony vp byth Great. 1647 T. May Hist. Parl. i. ii. 17 Disarming the people by engrossing of Gunpowder..and setting so high a rate upon it. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. viii. 490 One man was fined and set in the pillory for engrossing corn. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 379 Edicts..against engrossing the market. β. 1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Kv Forstallynge, regratyng..ingrossynge of marchaundise.1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 123 Salt..they by authoritie did ingrosse for the king.1672 A. Marvell Rehearsal Transpros'd i. 262 You have so ingrossed and bought up all the ammunition of Railing. †b. with reference to land. Obsolete. Π 1719 W. Wood Surv. Trade (ed. 2) 172 The false..notion..induces them to Engross great Tracts of Land. 1728 J. Swift Answer Memorial 3 Graziers..are ready to engross great Quantities of Land. 1767 A. Young Farmer's Lett. 53 Complaints are every where made of engrossing farms. 4. transferred and figurative. Thesaurus » †a. To get together, collect from all quarters; also to engross up (obsolete). b. To gain or keep exclusive possession of; to concentrate (property, trade, privileges, functions) in one's own possession (often with the notion of unfairness or injury to others); to ‘monopolize’. ΘΠ the mind > possession > have or possess [verb (transitive)] > have exclusive possession of to make a monopoly of1576 engross1598 monopolize1628 α. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. ii. 148 Percy is but my factor..To engrosse vp glorious deeds on my behalfe. View more context for this quotation 1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iv. ii. sig. G3^v And you engrose 'hem all for your owne vse. View more context for this quotation 1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy ii. 18 You, Aretus, and I, ingrosse..Th' affairs of gouernment. 1643 Sir T. Browne Relig. Medici ii. §5 (1656) With my friend I desire not to share or participate, but to engrosse his sorrowes. 1694 F. Slare in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 18 218 He..engrossed all the Pyrites or Copperas-stone to himself. a1740 T. Tickell To Addison on Cato (R.) Too long hath love engross'd Britannia's stage. 1781 J. Moore View Soc. Italy (1790) I. iii. 34 The men being allowed to engross as many women as they can maintain. 1832 J. Austin Province Jurispr. vi. 225 In most actual societies, the sovereign powers are engrossed by a single member of the whole. a1862 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1869) III. iv. 212 Seeing a single person engross the conversation. β. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. vii. 36 Your Marriners are Militers, Reapers, people Ingrost by swift Impresse. View more context for this quotationa1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. ii. 191 I haue..ingross'd opportunities to meete her. View more context for this quotation1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 7 Som..would ingrosse to themselves the whole trade of interpreting.1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. xi. 75 Abundance of wealth..was then ingrossed in the possession of some few particular persons.1698 J. Norris Pract. Disc. Divine Subj. IV. 310 This Duty of Alms-giving, which is so eminent a part of Charity that it has in a Manner ingross'd the Name of it.1775 J. Adair Hist. Amer. Indians 457 Our rulers ought not to allow..the Mushohge to ingross this vast forest.1790 R. Beatson Naval & Mil. Mem. 309 Grasping at an opportunity to ingross this trade to themselves. †c. To attribute exclusively to.Apparently an isolated use. Π 1641 ‘Smectymnuus’ Vindic. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. vii. 95 A power of remitting sinnes, which we hope he will not ingrosse to Bishops, excluding Presbyters. 5. a. Of things: To require the entire use of, take altogether to itself; to occupy entirely, absorb. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > using up, expending, or consuming > use up, expend, or consume [verb (transitive)] > require the entire use of engross1596 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xii. lxxv. 306 Skarlet Hats meane while and Stoles have not ingro'st the Sport. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. vii. 395 Norfolke Rebellion, as nearer London, engrossed all warlike provisions. 1774 J. Beattie Minstrel: 2nd Bk. xxvii. 14 Pondering on former days, by guilt engross'd. 1804 H. T. Colebrooke Remarks Husbandry & Commerce Bengal (new ed.) v. 154 From this country [India]..Europe was antiently supplied with it [indigo], until the produce of America engrossed the market. 1810 H. Townsend Statist. Surv. County Cork vi. 201 Potatoes, the crop of their main subsistence, engrosses almost the whole of their manure, as well as of their labour. 1874 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David IV. Ps. lxxx. 8 The old trees, which long had engrossed the soil. b. Of an object of thought or feeling: To draw entirely to itself, occupy exclusively, absorb (the affections, attention, mind, time, etc.). ΘΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attention > attracting attention > engage the attention [verb (transitive)] > hold attention, absorb swallowc1330 deepc1380 dare1547 suspend1561 preoccupy1567 devour1568 to swallow up1581 enwrap1589 invest1601 steep1603 to take up1603 spell1646 possess1653 enchain1658 engross1661 absorb1749 fix1752 rivet1762 fascinate1782 spell-bind1808 arrest1814 mesmerize1862 to turn on1903 get1913 consume1999 α. 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing vi. 61 Philosophy would not have engross'd our Pen. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man i. 115 If Man, alone, engross not Heav'ns high Care. a1759 W. Collins in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1788) 1 ii. 69 They, whose sight such dreary dreams engross. 1769 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. xi. 69 A measure so singularly daring, that it..engrosses all our resentment. 1781 W. Cowper Let. 2 Apr. (1979) I. 460 My Morning is ingrossed by the Garden. 1820 W. Hazlitt Lect. Dramatic Lit. 4 Letting the generation we live in engross nearly all our admiration. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. iii. 45 The captain obtained his audience, and engrossed the watchfulness of the retainers. β. 1665 R. Boyle Occas. Refl. iii. i. sig. R2 Without leaving behind them any thing that can..entertain our Sight in the very place, where before they Ingrossd it.1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xxiii. 148 This will so ingross the dear Lady's Pen.1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. ix. 257 The attention of the French king..was ingrossed. 6. To absorb or engage the whole attention or all the faculties of. Π 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 50. ⁋1 Orlando believed himself..not to be engross'd by any particular Affection. 1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. xi. 202 The Degree in which Self-love engrosses us. a1817 J. Austen Lady Susan xx, in Wks. (1954) VI. 278 The folly of the young Man, and the confusion of Frederica entirely engrossed him. 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxii. 219 Marsumah and Meteh had been engrossed with their bird-catching. 1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton viii. 118 He was entirely engrossed in attending to her wants. 7. In certain strained figurative uses, apparently derived from 3: †a. To include altogether. Obsolete. rare (suggested by the rhyme). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > incorporation or inclusion > incorporate or include [verb (transitive)] beclipc1230 beshut1340 contain1340 comprehendc1374 continue1377 begripe1393 close1393 incorpor1398 conceive?c1400 includec1475 engrossa1500 complect1523 conclude?1523 employ1528 to take in1534 retain1577 surmise1578 imprehend1590 immerse1605 comprise1651 involve1651 complexa1657 embrace1697 incorporate1824 embody1847 cover1868 a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xix. 225 Almyghty God in persons thre, All in oone substance ay ingroost. †b. In 17th cent.: To get hold of (an idea); to conceive (a sentiment) (obsolete). ΘΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > conceive, form in the mind [verb (transitive)] readOE thinkOE bethinkc1175 makea1400 imaginec1400 conceive?a1425 suppose1586 conceit1591 ideate1610 braina1616 forma1616 engross1632 cogitate1856 conceptualize1873 1632 T. Heywood Iron Age ii. v, in Wks. (1874) III. 429 Proiects..for which I haue ingrost a mortall enuy here. 1633 J. Ford Broken Heart iii. i. sig. F5[3] Thou hast there ingrost Some rarity of wit to grace the Nuptials Of thy faire sister. a1643 W. Cartwright Poems in Comedies (1651) sig. N3 Your prolong'd delay..made our Jealousy engross New fears. III. To render gross, dense, or bulky. †8. To render (fluids) gross or dense; to condense (vapours). Also intransitive for reflexive. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > make dense or solid [verb (transitive)] congealc1384 sadc1384 resolvea1398 thightc1440 condense1477 constipate1546 condensate1555 engross1561 indense1576 sadden1600 settle1611 densate1613 solidate1640 corporify1644 conspissate1647 consolidate1653 conglaciate1660 solidify1799 densify1820 1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation ii. xix. sig. G.iii Rayne is made or engendred of moyste vapours which..are ingroced. 1582 J. Hester tr. L. Fioravanti Compend. Rationall Secretes i. xl. 49 The liuer..not beyng able to disgest them [crude humours]..they ingrose and become maligne. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxli. 239 Vapours and fumes..being ingrossed by coldnesse of the brayne, distil to the lower partes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vi. sig. R8 The waues thereof so slow and sluggish were, Engrost with mud. 9. †a. To make (the body) gross or fat; to fatten. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > broad shape or physique > [verb (transitive)] > fat or plump farce14.. alarda1425 plum1561 enseam1562 lard1579 engross1587 impinguate1620 to put on1626 rotund1650 pinguedinize1656 bloat1677 to take ona1750 round1830 pinguefy1893 1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. vi. i. 142 They [the Scotch]..so ingrosse their bodies. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vii. 76 He is..Not sleeping to ingrosse his idle body. View more context for this quotation b. To make (the mind) gross or dull (archaic); formerly also intransitive for reflexive. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > make emotionally unfeeling [verb (transitive)] > deaden or dull the emotions stupefy?a1425 dullc1440 benumbc1485 slumber?1533 extinguish1540 extinct1542 numb1561 damp1570 hebetate1574 daunt1581 frostbite1593 hebete1597 blunt1600 unedgea1625 engross1626 astonish1635 consopite1647 bate1649 opiate1650 blura1653 hebescate1657 torpefy1808 dozena1810 dullify1838 hebetize1845 chloroform1849 narcotize1852 sodden1863 vastate1892 1626 T. Hawkins tr. N. Caussin Holy Court I. 120 It happeneth to soules, which are great louers of sensuall pleasures, to engrosse, thicken themselues. a1628 F. Greville Treat. Humane Learning liii, in Certaine Wks. (1633) 33 Engrosse the minde. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 89 They were in the last stage of the heart's ossification, their faculties engrossed and imbruted. †10. transitive. To make thick or bulky; to increase in size. Obsolete. ΘΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] broada1250 room?1316 enlargec1380 largea1382 magnifya1382 alargec1384 spreada1387 amplify1432 brede1440 expanse1477 ampliatea1513 dilate1528 propagate1548 widen1566 explicate1578 expatiate1603 diduce1605 engross?1611 dilatate1613 biggen1643 promote1652 intend1658 expand1665 to run out1683 amplificate1731 broaden1744 outstretcha1758 largen1869 big1884 ?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads xviii. 640 Fire, invading city roofs, is suddenly engrost And made a wondrous mighty flame. 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 27 Though Pillars by channelling, be seemingly ingrossed to our Sight. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 47 Materials of weight, as Sauder, wherewith an unconscionable Plummer can ingrosse his Bill. †11. Military. [Compare Italian ingrossare in same senses.] To increase the numerical strength of (an army); also, to draw up (a battalion) in a compact body. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > organize military affairs [verb (transitive)] > increase numbers of army engross1524 1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 376 Our armye was ingrocyd by the newe comyng of thies 8000 lanceknightes. 1581 T. Styward Pathwaie to Martiall Discipline i. 26 The companies being thus doubled & the battailes ingrosed..euerie ensigne maie seeke out his owne band. 1581 T. Styward Pathwaie to Martiall Discipline i. 27 Then doubling y^e ranks of these hargubuseirs..they must bee ingrossed. 1650 J. Howell tr. A. Giraffi Exact Hist. Late Revol. Naples 53 They went on in ingrossing the militia. 1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio Compl. Hist. Warrs Flanders 202 His Camp was not then very great, but he hoped to have it speedily ingrost by some Germans. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.a1400
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