embryon.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɛmbrɪəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈɛmbriˌoʊ/

Inflections: Plural embryos, (rare) embryoes.

Forms: 1500s–1800s embrio, 1500s– embryo.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin embryon-, embryo.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin embryon-, embryo (also embrion-, embrio; from 13th cent. in British and continental sources), reinterpretation (after classical Latin nouns in -iōn- , -iō -ion suffix¹) of embryon embryon n. (compare the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry). Compare German Embryo (late 15th cent. as embrio).Compare the following earlier uses of the Latin noun in an English context, in sense A. 1a: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. iii. 295 þis skyn is þe mater of embrio, þat is þe helinge and þe coueringe of þe childe.1565 J. Hall Anat. 4th. Pt. ii. 75 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. As in Coitu, and conception, the growing of sperme into Embrio, and of Embrio to a lyuinge creature.

A. n.

a. The unborn human offspring, esp. during the early stages of development. Cf. conceptus n., fetus n.The term is now most narrowly applied to the human organism from the point, usually in the second week after fertilization and just prior to implantation, when its cells become differentiated from those of the trophoblast, until the end of the eighth week, when the organs begin to develop and it is termed a fetus. The term embryo is sometimes extended (esp. in popular and non-technical use) to include the zygote or fertilized ovum before cell differentiation, or applied to the fetus during later development.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > [noun]

childOE

birtha1325

fruit of the loinsa1340

conceptiona1398

fetusa1398

embryona1400

feture1540

embryo1576

womb-infant1611

Hans-in-kelder1640

geniture1672

shapeling1674

pudding1937

a bun in the oven1951

preborn1980

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. f.134 It prouoketh the termes, if of the same bee aptly applyed into the Matrice, and draweth forth the Embryo quicke or deade.

1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes vii. f. 284 An vnperfect creature, or confused embrio.

1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice sig. F3 For, when I was an Embrio, but a thought might haue redrown'd me in Not-beings Pit.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ iii. xxix. 101 The ripening of the Embryo in the womb.

1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity iii. i. 230 They accounted it murder for any woman by evil arts to procure abortion, to stifle the embryo, to kill a child in a manner before it be alive.

1749 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 325 (title) A Letter from John Huxham..concerning a Child born with an extraordinary Tumour near the Anus, containing some Rudiments of an Embryo in it.

1767 tr. J. Astruc Treat. Dis. Women III. iii. 38 The ovum falls at length into the uterus: and it is not then a simple conception only; but a true pregnancy: the ovum then changing its name; and bearing now that of an embryo.

1791 C. Hamilton tr. Hedàya IV. i. 353 The Ghorrá is a compensation for the person, considering the embryo as a separate existence; but it is also a compensation for a part of the body, considering the embryo as connected with the mother.

1833 Penny Cycl. I. 199/2 When first the human embryo becomes distinctly visible, it is almost wholly fluid, consisting only of a soft, gelatinous pulp.

1879 Scribner's Monthly Nov. 151/2 Professor Haeckel is fully justified in calling attention to the temporary gill-arches of the human embryo.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man i. 67 Each platform reached by the human embryo in its upward course represents the embryo of some lower animal which in some mysterious way has played a part in the pedigree of the human race.

1947 G. W. Corner Hormones in Human Reprod. ii. 57 This inner cell mass is to become the embryo proper; the remainder of the spherical cyst becomes the embryonic membranes.

1978 J. Miller Body in Question (1982) vii. 283 In the young embryo the brain and spinal cord make their appearance as a shallow groove, excavated down the midline of the back surface.

1991 Lancet 3 Aug. 285/2 The single most important factor that determines the pregnancy rate during GIFT or IVF is the number of embryos or oocytes transferred.

2004 Church Times 20 Aug. 8/3 The dominant Western view from the fifth to the 19th century drew a distinction between the early and the later developed embryo.

b. The unborn, unhatched, or incompletely developed offspring of an animal.In figurative context in quot. 1638.The term fetus is now usually applied to the later stage of the developing offspring of mammals generally (as well as to that of humans).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > [noun] > animal embryo

embryon1608

embryo1638

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §101. 91 Some yet are Embrio's, yet hatching, and in the shell.

1676 H. Nicholson Let. 10 May in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1986) XII. 284 I thought it might not be an extravagant conjecture, to suppose, that such an egg or embrio might successfully be conveyed into the uterus of any other viviparous femal, & thereby not only gravidate some without coition, but also..make som bring forth Animals of a species different from their own.

1721 J. Handley Mech. Ess. Animal Oecon. 42 The Increase that the first Lineaments of the Embrio receive, is only by Apposition of this nutritious albuginous Juice.

1777 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 67 23 I found this liquor absorbed into the embrio.

1804 J. Priestley in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 6 i. 123 We know that even the heat of boiling water will not destroy some kinds of insects, and probably much less the eggs, or embryo's, of them.

1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 664/2 According to Professor Allman, three distinct modes of reproduction occur in the P[olyzoa], viz., by buds or gemmæ, by true ova, and by free locomotive embryoes.

1913 J. W. Jenkinson Vertebr. Embryol. vii. 175 The head of the embryo now begins to be lifted up and folded off from the blastoderm.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) viii. 98 These three cell layers are called the primary germ layers of the embryo, and from these all the organs of the adult animal are derived.

2002 Eng. Nature Mag. Mar. 16/2 In a typical clump of frogspawn, there may be up to 2,000 embryos, which means there should be a decent crop of tadpoles ready to face life as frogs.

a. figurative. A thing (material or immaterial) in its most basic or rudimentary form, showing potential to develop.Frequently as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] > the first part or beginning > the earliest stage(s) > something in earliest stage

bud1579

embryon1581

infantc1595

embryo1608

rudiment1625

fetus1632

1608 T. Draxe Churches Securitie 32 They may conceiue Christ in their heartes, and yet now, and then, not perceiue the motion of this heauenly Embrio.

a1640 J. Ogle Parlie at Ostend in F. Vere Commentaries (1657) 146 The project itself was but an Embryo.

1692 J. Ray Dissol. World (1732) iv. 57 Those Ideas or Embryos may be..marred or deformed in the womb.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 557 Embrio's of things, that were never like to have any effect.

1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man I. ii. 356 A few dry facts..enabled me to form the embryo of a plan.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 9 Pale unshapen embryos of social sympathy.

1880 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea VI. iii. 37 There not being in all Great Britain any embryo of a Commissariat force.

1934 H. G. Wells Exper. in Autobiogr. II. viii. 638 Brunner Mond & Co. was only the embryo of I.C.I.

1971 G. Brown In my Way v. 108 I wanted these councils to be..embryos of something that could become a new form of regional government.

1997 G. Hosking Russia (1998) i. 12 In a sense they were..the embryo of a potential Russian nation with a quite different social structure.

2010 Manch. Evening News (Nexis) 7 Oct. 22 I have long had a love-hate relationship with lamb, like many kids growing up in the 1970s when good cooking was a mere embryo in this country.

b. in embryo: in a rudimentary or incipient stage of development. Cf. in (the) embryon at embryon n. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > at the beginning [phrase] > in early stage

embryon1581

in (the) embryon1607

in embryo1631

in the bud1677

in the gristle1775

1613 G. Wither Abuses Stript Epigr. ii. sig. V8 The want of Time, Encouragement and Art, My purpose in the Embrio still smothers.]

1631 J. Shirley Schoole of Complement i. i. 11 I will presently furnish my selfe with new lodgings, and expect to heare from me shortly my brane Delphicke, I haue it in Embrio, and I shall soone be deliuered.

1685 tr. B. Gracián y Morales Courtiers Oracle 215 Let every skilfull Master..have a care not to let his works be seen in embrio.

1742 W. Shenstone School-mistress xxiii There a Chancellor in Embryo.

1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleasure (1777) I. 159 At present, this is only in embrio,..unformed, uningendered.

1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) III. xlii. 144 The indecent attempt to stifle this measure in embrio.

1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 130 The honourable Frederic G...was a diplomatist in embryo.

1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) i. 9 The Greek nation, as yet in embryo.

1908 G. G. Coulton Chaucer & his Eng. xiii. 171 The very fidelity with which the poet paints his own time shows us the Reformation in embryo.

a1933 J. Galsworthy End of Chapter (1934) i. xiii. 113 Alan had the handy air of a best man in embryo.

2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 Oct. 58/1 Hegel..is today..subjected to violent assaults as a Fascist in embryo.

†3. Chiefly Alchemy. A metal or other substance in a combined, hidden, or imperfect state in the earth or in another substance, from which it can be obtained in a pure form. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > [noun] > metal in native state of combination

embryo1652

embryon1676

1652 J. French York-shire Spaw vi. 55 Metals and Minerals..in their..Embrioes.

1670 tr. A. A. Barba First Bk. Art Mettals x. 38 It is made of a very corrupt, and imperfect mixture of Brimston and Quicksilver, and seems to be an abortion of Nature, and the Embrio, which would become mettal, if it was not taken out before its time.

1687 R. Midgley New Treat. Nat. Philos. iii. vii. 217 That this Mettallick Embryo is nourished by the Air of the Stars, by the Spirit and Dew of the Heavens.

1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis i. i. 3 The purity and suitableness of the veins, or the earth in them, which they suppose are as matrixes to contain and nourish Metals in embrio.

4. A plant during its development within the seed, consisting (in its most mature form in a higher plant) of a plumule, a radicle, and one or two cotyledons. In later use also: a developing plant resembling this but derived from a single somatic or gametic cell of the parent plant; (also) an embryoid.Recorded earliest in seed embryo.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle

embryon1640

germen1651

neb1658

radicle1671

embryo1682

embryo plant1692

plantula1698

plantleta1711

germ1721

niba1722

radicula1725

plantule1727

radicule1728

rostellum1760

radicale1763

rostel1783

heartlet1808

corcle1810

proembryo1849

tigelle1860

hypophysis1875

embryoid1963

1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants i. vii. 49 The Sap being thus prepared in the Inner Coat, as a Liquor now apt to be the Substratum of the future Seed-Embrio; by fresh supplies, is thence discharg'd.

1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 187 The Embryo of the Plant contained in the Seed hath 3 or 4 Coats to inclose it.

1771 G. Fordyce Elements Agric. & Vegetation iii. 72 The Embryo may also die from Age (i. e.) if the Seeds are kept too long; and in some Seeds, this happens in twelve Months, in others not in twelve Years.

1819 J. Lindley tr. L.-C. Richard Observ. Struct. Fruits & Seeds 74 The embryo of Zamia is reversed with regard to the pericarp, and occupies an axile cavity in a large endosperm.

1879 A. Gray in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) I. ii. 9 The Embryo is the initial plant, originated in the seed.

1932 J. A. Yarbrough in Science 15 Jan. 85/1 The writer has chosen to call these meristematic cell masses ‘foliar embryos’ rather than ‘foliar buds’ or ‘epiphyllous buds’, since root and shoot develop simultaneously from them.

1983 New Scientist 26 May 555/3 We have been altering the concentrations of growth regulator to try to stimulate the callus to form so-called somatic embryos or embryoids.

2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees ii. 48 The embryos of narrow-leaved flowering plants, such as lilies, grasses and palm trees, have only one cotyledon.

B. adj.

Not yet fully developed or formed; embryonic; immature; incipient. See also Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adjective] > unready or immature

green?a1300

rawa1398

indigest1398

unmatured?a1425

unripea1500

unseasonable1515

unbuilded1519

inchoate1534

unripened1561

uncivil1572

unmellowed1573

unmanured1577

unblown1587

ungrown1593

unpolished1594

rudimental1597

rude1600

unsalted1602

unseasoned1602

unlicked1612

embryon1613

unbakeda1616

unbloweda1616

unfledged1615

unmellow1615

sappya1627

embryous1628

unconcocteda1631

unkneaded1633

immature1635

sucking1648

vacuous1651

embryo1659

unelaborate1663

unmature1673

unformed1689

undeveloped1736

infantile1772

uncultivated1796

unelaborated1817

fetal1820

embryotic1823

embryonic1825

embryonary1833

sophomoric1837

seedling1843

rudimentary1851

unwrought1869

juvenescent1875

vealy1890

under-developed1892

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [adjective] > in early stages

buddinga1586

infant1594

embryon1613

embryous1628

inchoateda1631

inchoativea1631

crepusculous1646

rudimentary1648

rudimental1658

embryo1659

incipient1669

crepuscular1679

dawninga1700

initiant1740

germing1749

embryotic1761

germinal1804

embryonic1825

embryonary1833

inchoanta1876

adawn1881

1659 W. Prynne Brief Narr. how Members of House of Commons were shut Out 2 The Speaker, with about forty Members more went from Whitehall..to the House, where they..setled the temporary conduct of the Embrio Army (for it is yet to form).

1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 135 In that dark womb usually are the seeds and rudiments of an embryo-world.

1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 12 Thou!..In whose Breast Embrio-creation..dwelt.

1798 Anti-Jacobin 23 Apr. 188/2 Flame embryo lavas, young Volcanoes glow.

1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing iii. 146 The embryo connoisseur.

1824 Q. Oriental Mag. 2 120 I was tempted to look into a cartwright's shop, where might be seen the unwieldy hackery, (or Indian cart,) in its embryo stage, rudis atque informis.

1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xxviii. 266 The collegians he addressed..as future citizens and embryo patriots.

1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma i. 31 Philosophers dispute whether moral ideas..were not once inchoate, embryo.

1921 E. Ferber Girls i. 15 Chicago was a broken-down speculative shanty village one day and an embryo metropolis the next.

1984 J. Seymour Forgotten Arts (1985) 131/1 Last and insole are then pushed down into the embryo boot.

2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Oct. 41/3 Rhetoric..which seemed to be anointing a row of one-party tyrants as embryo democrats.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

ΚΠ

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing iv. 30 Did we learn such an Alphabet in our Embryo-state?

1738 B. Martin Philos. Gram. (ed. 2) iv. iv. 286 Why then it appears, that the Matter or Substance of the Bean serves much the same Purpose to the Seed Root, as the Yolk of an Egg to the Embryo Chick.

1770 A. Young tr. Diderot Encyclopédie in Rural Oeconomy 430 (note) From the extremity of the branches to the root of the tree, there is no perceptible space that does not enclose a portion of embryo life ready to appear.

1777 ‘A. Strong’ Electr. Eel (new ed.) 14 To help an embryo child.

1793 J. Ogden Georgics ii. 44 in Archery The embrio germ, from those integuments Which shrouded it before from cruder air Puts forth, as earnest of a future crop The blade.

1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xv. 308 An egg is eaten here though an embryo-chick be inside.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1006 An embryo-bird is for some days almost indistinguishable from an embryo-reptile.

1982 N. Marsh Light Thickens v. 138 Round his neck on a flax cord hung a greenstone tiki, an embryo child.

2001 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 27 Apr. 4 Candling is the process by which experts hold a light to an egg to see whether an embryo chick is forming inside.

2003 M. Warnock in Philosophy 78 455 It would defeat the purpose of research into the possibility of cell transplant if the embryo produced were allowed to develop beyond the stage where the cells had begun to differentiate, that is four or five days of embryo-life.

C2.

embryo bud n. [after French embryon gemmaire (1835 or earlier)] Botany (now disused) a small woody nodule or outgrowth occurring in the bark of certain trees, originally supposed to be a form of adventitious bud capable of giving rise to a rudimentary branch.

ΚΠ

1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) ii. 79 M. Dutrochet calls by the name of embryo-buds..those nodules which are so well known in the bark of the Beech, and some other trees, and which are externally indicated by small tumours of the bark.

1883 R. Bentley Student’s Guide Bot. i. iii. 106 In some trees, instead of being developed on the outside of the stem or branch, they [sc. adventitious buds] are enclosed in the bark; such have been called embryo-buds or embryo nodules.

1903 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 27 p. cxcvi, (heading) Gnaurs or Embryo buds on Tulip-tree.

embryo cell n. (a) Biology the undivided cell of a fertilized ovum or zygote; a cell resulting from the first division of this, esp. when giving rise to the embryo (rather than to yolk or other supporting structures); †(b) Botany the unfertilized egg cell in the archegonium of a moss, fern, etc. (obsolete); (c) any of the cells forming a plant or animal embryo, or produced by artificial culture from such a cell.

ΚΠ

1842 Proc. Glasgow Philos. Soc. 1841–2 44 The act of impregnation consisted in the fovilla being brought into contact with the embryo sac, and by a certain unknown influence determining the formation of the embryo-cell.

1852 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 4/1 This secondary organic cell of the fecundated ovum has..been called the Embryo-cell.

1857 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 15 (caption) Pistillidia or Archegonia..; vertical section, showing embryo cell in the cavity.

1873 H. C. Chapman Evol. Life 93 The union of the embryo-cell of the Archegonia and the spiral filament of the Antheridia gives rise to the new Fern.

1896 Bot. Gaz. 21 229 The first division of the fertilized egg-cell separates an embryo-cell from a suspensor-cell.

1949 A. Koestler Insight & Outlook x. 143 It seems fairly certain that cancerous tissue behaves in its undifferentiated, unrestricted growth like embryo cells which are cut off from the integrative action of the organism.

1996 New Scientist 19 Oct. 18/1 Cholesterol plays a key role in the development of embryo cells.

2011 P. A. Offit & C. A. Moser Vaccines & your Child 173 The rubella vaccine virus is weakened by adaptation to growth at lower temperatures in human embryo cells.

embryo plant n. = sense A. 4; (formerly also) †a seedling or young plant (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle

embryon1640

germen1651

neb1658

radicle1671

embryo1682

embryo plant1692

plantula1698

plantleta1711

germ1721

niba1722

radicula1725

plantule1727

radicule1728

rostellum1760

radicale1763

rostel1783

heartlet1808

corcle1810

proembryo1849

tigelle1860

hypophysis1875

embryoid1963

1692 J. Dunton Visions of Soul v. 25 When ye see an hopeful Embryo-Plant, without giving any affront, environ'd round, and strangled to death with an Ambush of malicious Thorns and Briars.

1785 W. Marshall Planting & Ornamental Gardening 13 It is well to rake the beds slightly, and sift over them a little fresh mould: this prevents the surface from baking, and at once gives a supply of air and nourishment to the embryo plants.

1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 220 Subject to chemical analysis, the embryo-plant yields certain complex bodies.

1936 Sci. News Let. 12 Dec. 371/2 In some species used, seeds did develop, but when they were cut open they were found to be hollow, without the tiny embryo plant necessary for germination.

1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World (1975) iv. 62 For a short time the embryo plant is dependent on its own reserves for production of the radicle, which grows downward to form the first root.

2007 M. Black in K. Roberts Handbk. Plant Sci. II. 128/1 A seed contains an embryo plant consisting of a relatively simple axis (radicle/hypocotyl) to which the cotyledons (seed leaves) are attached.

embryo sac n. [after German Embryosack (1835 in the source translated in quot. 1837), itself after French sac embryonnaire (1827 or earlier)] Botany a structure within which a plant embryo develops; spec. (in an angiosperm) a thin-walled sac inside the nucellus of the ovule within which fertilization occurs and which becomes the female gametophyte, containing the zygote and the endosperm nucleus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo-sac

embryo sac1837

macrospore1855

megaspore1857

1837 A. Gray tr. A. J. C. Corda in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 31 321 The connexion of the pollen-tubes with the embryo-sac [Ger. Embryosack] continues for some time after impregnation.

1859 T. Moore Nature-printed Brit. Ferns I. iii. 32 They [sc. the archegonia of a fern] are formed near the centre of the prothallus and at first consist of a single cell..destined to become an embryo-sac.

1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. xviii. 408 Sterility from impotence results from the failure of either pollen or embryo-sacs to form or develop normally.

2010 D. Hillis et al. Princ. Life (2012) vii. 127/1 In flowering plants the gametophytes are very small: the male gametophyte is the pollen, and the female gametophyte is the embryo sac—a part of the flower.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	embryo
释义	embryon.adj. Brit. /ˈɛmbrɪəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɛmbriˌoʊ/ Inflections: Plural embryos, (rare) embryoes. Forms: 1500s–1800s embrio, 1500s– embryo. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin embryon-, embryo. Etymology: < post-classical Latin embryon-, embryo (also embrion-, embrio; from 13th cent. in British and continental sources), reinterpretation (after classical Latin nouns in -iōn- , -iō -ion suffix¹) of embryon embryon n. (compare the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry). Compare German Embryo (late 15th cent. as embrio).Compare the following earlier uses of the Latin noun in an English context, in sense A. 1a: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. iii. 295 þis skyn is þe mater of embrio, þat is þe helinge and þe coueringe of þe childe.1565 J. Hall Anat. 4th. Pt. ii. 75 in tr. Lanfranc Most Excellent Woorke Chirurg. As in Coitu, and conception, the growing of sperme into Embrio, and of Embrio to a lyuinge creature. A. n. 1. a. The unborn human offspring, esp. during the early stages of development. Cf. conceptus n., fetus n.The term is now most narrowly applied to the human organism from the point, usually in the second week after fertilization and just prior to implantation, when its cells become differentiated from those of the trophoblast, until the end of the eighth week, when the organs begin to develop and it is termed a fetus. The term embryo is sometimes extended (esp. in popular and non-technical use) to include the zygote or fertilized ovum before cell differentiation, or applied to the fetus during later development. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > [noun] childOE birtha1325 fruit of the loinsa1340 conceptiona1398 fetusa1398 embryona1400 feture1540 embryo1576 womb-infant1611 Hans-in-kelder1640 geniture1672 shapeling1674 pudding1937 a bun in the oven1951 preborn1980 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iii. f.134 It prouoketh the termes, if of the same bee aptly applyed into the Matrice, and draweth forth the Embryo quicke or deade. 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes vii. f. 284 An vnperfect creature, or confused embrio. 1612 J. Davies Muses Sacrifice sig. F3 For, when I was an Embrio, but a thought might haue redrown'd me in Not-beings Pit. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ iii. xxix. 101 The ripening of the Embryo in the womb. 1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity iii. i. 230 They accounted it murder for any woman by evil arts to procure abortion, to stifle the embryo, to kill a child in a manner before it be alive. 1749 Philos. Trans. 1748 (Royal Soc.) 45 325 (title) A Letter from John Huxham..concerning a Child born with an extraordinary Tumour near the Anus, containing some Rudiments of an Embryo in it. 1767 tr. J. Astruc Treat. Dis. Women III. iii. 38 The ovum falls at length into the uterus: and it is not then a simple conception only; but a true pregnancy: the ovum then changing its name; and bearing now that of an embryo. 1791 C. Hamilton tr. Hedàya IV. i. 353 The Ghorrá is a compensation for the person, considering the embryo as a separate existence; but it is also a compensation for a part of the body, considering the embryo as connected with the mother. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 199/2 When first the human embryo becomes distinctly visible, it is almost wholly fluid, consisting only of a soft, gelatinous pulp. 1879 Scribner's Monthly Nov. 151/2 Professor Haeckel is fully justified in calling attention to the temporary gill-arches of the human embryo. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man i. 67 Each platform reached by the human embryo in its upward course represents the embryo of some lower animal which in some mysterious way has played a part in the pedigree of the human race. 1947 G. W. Corner Hormones in Human Reprod. ii. 57 This inner cell mass is to become the embryo proper; the remainder of the spherical cyst becomes the embryonic membranes. 1978 J. Miller Body in Question (1982) vii. 283 In the young embryo the brain and spinal cord make their appearance as a shallow groove, excavated down the midline of the back surface. 1991 Lancet 3 Aug. 285/2 The single most important factor that determines the pregnancy rate during GIFT or IVF is the number of embryos or oocytes transferred. 2004 Church Times 20 Aug. 8/3 The dominant Western view from the fifth to the 19th century drew a distinction between the early and the later developed embryo. b. The unborn, unhatched, or incompletely developed offspring of an animal.In figurative context in quot. 1638.The term fetus is now usually applied to the later stage of the developing offspring of mammals generally (as well as to that of humans). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > [noun] > animal embryo embryon1608 embryo1638 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. ii. §101. 91 Some yet are Embrio's, yet hatching, and in the shell. 1676 H. Nicholson Let. 10 May in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1986) XII. 284 I thought it might not be an extravagant conjecture, to suppose, that such an egg or embrio might successfully be conveyed into the uterus of any other viviparous femal, & thereby not only gravidate some without coition, but also..make som bring forth Animals of a species different from their own. 1721 J. Handley Mech. Ess. Animal Oecon. 42 The Increase that the first Lineaments of the Embrio receive, is only by Apposition of this nutritious albuginous Juice. 1777 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 67 23 I found this liquor absorbed into the embrio. 1804 J. Priestley in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 6 i. 123 We know that even the heat of boiling water will not destroy some kinds of insects, and probably much less the eggs, or embryo's, of them. 1872 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 664/2 According to Professor Allman, three distinct modes of reproduction occur in the P[olyzoa], viz., by buds or gemmæ, by true ova, and by free locomotive embryoes. 1913 J. W. Jenkinson Vertebr. Embryol. vii. 175 The head of the embryo now begins to be lifted up and folded off from the blastoderm. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) viii. 98 These three cell layers are called the primary germ layers of the embryo, and from these all the organs of the adult animal are derived. 2002 Eng. Nature Mag. Mar. 16/2 In a typical clump of frogspawn, there may be up to 2,000 embryos, which means there should be a decent crop of tadpoles ready to face life as frogs. 2. a. figurative. A thing (material or immaterial) in its most basic or rudimentary form, showing potential to develop.Frequently as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] > the first part or beginning > the earliest stage(s) > something in earliest stage bud1579 embryon1581 infantc1595 embryo1608 rudiment1625 fetus1632 1608 T. Draxe Churches Securitie 32 They may conceiue Christ in their heartes, and yet now, and then, not perceiue the motion of this heauenly Embrio. a1640 J. Ogle Parlie at Ostend in F. Vere Commentaries (1657) 146 The project itself was but an Embryo. 1692 J. Ray Dissol. World (1732) iv. 57 Those Ideas or Embryos may be..marred or deformed in the womb. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 557 Embrio's of things, that were never like to have any effect. 1774 Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man I. ii. 356 A few dry facts..enabled me to form the embryo of a plan. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 9 Pale unshapen embryos of social sympathy. 1880 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea VI. iii. 37 There not being in all Great Britain any embryo of a Commissariat force. 1934 H. G. Wells Exper. in Autobiogr. II. viii. 638 Brunner Mond & Co. was only the embryo of I.C.I. 1971 G. Brown In my Way v. 108 I wanted these councils to be..embryos of something that could become a new form of regional government. 1997 G. Hosking Russia (1998) i. 12 In a sense they were..the embryo of a potential Russian nation with a quite different social structure. 2010 Manch. Evening News (Nexis) 7 Oct. 22 I have long had a love-hate relationship with lamb, like many kids growing up in the 1970s when good cooking was a mere embryo in this country. b. in embryo: in a rudimentary or incipient stage of development. Cf. in (the) embryon at embryon n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > at the beginning [phrase] > in early stage embryon1581 in (the) embryon1607 in embryo1631 in the bud1677 in the gristle1775 1613 G. Wither Abuses Stript Epigr. ii. sig. V8 The want of Time, Encouragement and Art, My purpose in the Embrio still smothers.] 1631 J. Shirley Schoole of Complement i. i. 11 I will presently furnish my selfe with new lodgings, and expect to heare from me shortly my brane Delphicke, I haue it in Embrio, and I shall soone be deliuered. 1685 tr. B. Gracián y Morales Courtiers Oracle 215 Let every skilfull Master..have a care not to let his works be seen in embrio. 1742 W. Shenstone School-mistress xxiii There a Chancellor in Embryo. 1776 S. J. Pratt Pupil of Pleasure (1777) I. 159 At present, this is only in embrio,..unformed, uningendered. 1792 J. Almon Anecd. Life W. Pitt (octavo ed.) III. xlii. 144 The indecent attempt to stifle this measure in embrio. 1826 M. R. Mitford Our Village II. 130 The honourable Frederic G...was a diplomatist in embryo. 1868 W. E. Gladstone Juventus Mundi (1870) i. 9 The Greek nation, as yet in embryo. 1908 G. G. Coulton Chaucer & his Eng. xiii. 171 The very fidelity with which the poet paints his own time shows us the Reformation in embryo. a1933 J. Galsworthy End of Chapter (1934) i. xiii. 113 Alan had the handy air of a best man in embryo. 2000 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 19 Oct. 58/1 Hegel..is today..subjected to violent assaults as a Fascist in embryo. †3. Chiefly Alchemy. A metal or other substance in a combined, hidden, or imperfect state in the earth or in another substance, from which it can be obtained in a pure form. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > [noun] > metal in native state of combination embryo1652 embryon1676 1652 J. French York-shire Spaw vi. 55 Metals and Minerals..in their..Embrioes. 1670 tr. A. A. Barba First Bk. Art Mettals x. 38 It is made of a very corrupt, and imperfect mixture of Brimston and Quicksilver, and seems to be an abortion of Nature, and the Embrio, which would become mettal, if it was not taken out before its time. 1687 R. Midgley New Treat. Nat. Philos. iii. vii. 217 That this Mettallick Embryo is nourished by the Air of the Stars, by the Spirit and Dew of the Heavens. 1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis i. i. 3 The purity and suitableness of the veins, or the earth in them, which they suppose are as matrixes to contain and nourish Metals in embrio. 4. A plant during its development within the seed, consisting (in its most mature form in a higher plant) of a plumule, a radicle, and one or two cotyledons. In later use also: a developing plant resembling this but derived from a single somatic or gametic cell of the parent plant; (also) an embryoid.Recorded earliest in seed embryo. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle embryon1640 germen1651 neb1658 radicle1671 embryo1682 embryo plant1692 plantula1698 plantleta1711 germ1721 niba1722 radicula1725 plantule1727 radicule1728 rostellum1760 radicale1763 rostel1783 heartlet1808 corcle1810 proembryo1849 tigelle1860 hypophysis1875 embryoid1963 1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants i. vii. 49 The Sap being thus prepared in the Inner Coat, as a Liquor now apt to be the Substratum of the future Seed-Embrio; by fresh supplies, is thence discharg'd. 1683 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 13 187 The Embryo of the Plant contained in the Seed hath 3 or 4 Coats to inclose it. 1771 G. Fordyce Elements Agric. & Vegetation iii. 72 The Embryo may also die from Age (i. e.) if the Seeds are kept too long; and in some Seeds, this happens in twelve Months, in others not in twelve Years. 1819 J. Lindley tr. L.-C. Richard Observ. Struct. Fruits & Seeds 74 The embryo of Zamia is reversed with regard to the pericarp, and occupies an axile cavity in a large endosperm. 1879 A. Gray in A. Gray & G. L. Goodale Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) I. ii. 9 The Embryo is the initial plant, originated in the seed. 1932 J. A. Yarbrough in Science 15 Jan. 85/1 The writer has chosen to call these meristematic cell masses ‘foliar embryos’ rather than ‘foliar buds’ or ‘epiphyllous buds’, since root and shoot develop simultaneously from them. 1983 New Scientist 26 May 555/3 We have been altering the concentrations of growth regulator to try to stimulate the callus to form so-called somatic embryos or embryoids. 2005 C. Tudge Secret Life Trees ii. 48 The embryos of narrow-leaved flowering plants, such as lilies, grasses and palm trees, have only one cotyledon. B. adj. Not yet fully developed or formed; embryonic; immature; incipient. See also Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adjective] > unready or immature green?a1300 rawa1398 indigest1398 unmatured?a1425 unripea1500 unseasonable1515 unbuilded1519 inchoate1534 unripened1561 uncivil1572 unmellowed1573 unmanured1577 unblown1587 ungrown1593 unpolished1594 rudimental1597 rude1600 unsalted1602 unseasoned1602 unlicked1612 embryon1613 unbakeda1616 unbloweda1616 unfledged1615 unmellow1615 sappya1627 embryous1628 unconcocteda1631 unkneaded1633 immature1635 sucking1648 vacuous1651 embryo1659 unelaborate1663 unmature1673 unformed1689 undeveloped1736 infantile1772 uncultivated1796 unelaborated1817 fetal1820 embryotic1823 embryonic1825 embryonary1833 sophomoric1837 seedling1843 rudimentary1851 unwrought1869 juvenescent1875 vealy1890 under-developed1892 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [adjective] > in early stages buddinga1586 infant1594 embryon1613 embryous1628 inchoateda1631 inchoativea1631 crepusculous1646 rudimentary1648 rudimental1658 embryo1659 incipient1669 crepuscular1679 dawninga1700 initiant1740 germing1749 embryotic1761 germinal1804 embryonic1825 embryonary1833 inchoanta1876 adawn1881 1659 W. Prynne Brief Narr. how Members of House of Commons were shut Out 2 The Speaker, with about forty Members more went from Whitehall..to the House, where they..setled the temporary conduct of the Embrio Army (for it is yet to form). 1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iv. 135 In that dark womb usually are the seeds and rudiments of an embryo-world. 1743 E. Young Complaint: Night the Fifth 12 Thou!..In whose Breast Embrio-creation..dwelt. 1798 Anti-Jacobin 23 Apr. 188/2 Flame embryo lavas, young Volcanoes glow. 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing iii. 146 The embryo connoisseur. 1824 Q. Oriental Mag. 2 120 I was tempted to look into a cartwright's shop, where might be seen the unwieldy hackery, (or Indian cart,) in its embryo stage, rudis atque informis. 1853 C. Brontë Villette II. xxviii. 266 The collegians he addressed..as future citizens and embryo patriots. 1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma i. 31 Philosophers dispute whether moral ideas..were not once inchoate, embryo. 1921 E. Ferber Girls i. 15 Chicago was a broken-down speculative shanty village one day and an embryo metropolis the next. 1984 J. Seymour Forgotten Arts (1985) 131/1 Last and insole are then pushed down into the embryo boot. 2004 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 21 Oct. 41/3 Rhetoric..which seemed to be anointing a row of one-party tyrants as embryo democrats. Compounds C1. General attributive. ΚΠ 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing iv. 30 Did we learn such an Alphabet in our Embryo-state? 1738 B. Martin Philos. Gram. (ed. 2) iv. iv. 286 Why then it appears, that the Matter or Substance of the Bean serves much the same Purpose to the Seed Root, as the Yolk of an Egg to the Embryo Chick. 1770 A. Young tr. Diderot Encyclopédie in Rural Oeconomy 430 (note) From the extremity of the branches to the root of the tree, there is no perceptible space that does not enclose a portion of embryo life ready to appear. 1777 ‘A. Strong’ Electr. Eel (new ed.) 14 To help an embryo child. 1793 J. Ogden Georgics ii. 44 in Archery The embrio germ, from those integuments Which shrouded it before from cruder air Puts forth, as earnest of a future crop The blade. 1865 D. Livingstone & C. Livingstone Narr. Exped. Zambesi xv. 308 An egg is eaten here though an embryo-chick be inside. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) II. 1006 An embryo-bird is for some days almost indistinguishable from an embryo-reptile. 1982 N. Marsh Light Thickens v. 138 Round his neck on a flax cord hung a greenstone tiki, an embryo child. 2001 Gloucester Citizen (Nexis) 27 Apr. 4 Candling is the process by which experts hold a light to an egg to see whether an embryo chick is forming inside. 2003 M. Warnock in Philosophy 78 455 It would defeat the purpose of research into the possibility of cell transplant if the embryo produced were allowed to develop beyond the stage where the cells had begun to differentiate, that is four or five days of embryo-life. C2. embryo bud n. [after French embryon gemmaire (1835 or earlier)] Botany (now disused) a small woody nodule or outgrowth occurring in the bark of certain trees, originally supposed to be a form of adventitious bud capable of giving rise to a rudimentary branch. ΚΠ 1839 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (ed. 3) ii. 79 M. Dutrochet calls by the name of embryo-buds..those nodules which are so well known in the bark of the Beech, and some other trees, and which are externally indicated by small tumours of the bark. 1883 R. Bentley Student’s Guide Bot. i. iii. 106 In some trees, instead of being developed on the outside of the stem or branch, they [sc. adventitious buds] are enclosed in the bark; such have been called embryo-buds or embryo nodules. 1903 Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. 27 p. cxcvi, (heading) Gnaurs or Embryo buds on Tulip-tree. embryo cell n. (a) Biology the undivided cell of a fertilized ovum or zygote; a cell resulting from the first division of this, esp. when giving rise to the embryo (rather than to yolk or other supporting structures); †(b) Botany the unfertilized egg cell in the archegonium of a moss, fern, etc. (obsolete); (c) any of the cells forming a plant or animal embryo, or produced by artificial culture from such a cell. ΚΠ 1842 Proc. Glasgow Philos. Soc. 1841–2 44 The act of impregnation consisted in the fovilla being brought into contact with the embryo sac, and by a certain unknown influence determining the formation of the embryo-cell. 1852 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 4/1 This secondary organic cell of the fecundated ovum has..been called the Embryo-cell. 1857 T. Moore Handbk. Brit. Ferns (ed. 3) 15 (caption) Pistillidia or Archegonia..; vertical section, showing embryo cell in the cavity. 1873 H. C. Chapman Evol. Life 93 The union of the embryo-cell of the Archegonia and the spiral filament of the Antheridia gives rise to the new Fern. 1896 Bot. Gaz. 21 229 The first division of the fertilized egg-cell separates an embryo-cell from a suspensor-cell. 1949 A. Koestler Insight & Outlook x. 143 It seems fairly certain that cancerous tissue behaves in its undifferentiated, unrestricted growth like embryo cells which are cut off from the integrative action of the organism. 1996 New Scientist 19 Oct. 18/1 Cholesterol plays a key role in the development of embryo cells. 2011 P. A. Offit & C. A. Moser Vaccines & your Child 173 The rubella vaccine virus is weakened by adaptation to growth at lower temperatures in human embryo cells. embryo plant n. = sense A. 4; (formerly also) †a seedling or young plant (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle embryon1640 germen1651 neb1658 radicle1671 embryo1682 embryo plant1692 plantula1698 plantleta1711 germ1721 niba1722 radicula1725 plantule1727 radicule1728 rostellum1760 radicale1763 rostel1783 heartlet1808 corcle1810 proembryo1849 tigelle1860 hypophysis1875 embryoid1963 1692 J. Dunton Visions of Soul v. 25 When ye see an hopeful Embryo-Plant, without giving any affront, environ'd round, and strangled to death with an Ambush of malicious Thorns and Briars. 1785 W. Marshall Planting & Ornamental Gardening 13 It is well to rake the beds slightly, and sift over them a little fresh mould: this prevents the surface from baking, and at once gives a supply of air and nourishment to the embryo plants. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 220 Subject to chemical analysis, the embryo-plant yields certain complex bodies. 1936 Sci. News Let. 12 Dec. 371/2 In some species used, seeds did develop, but when they were cut open they were found to be hollow, without the tiny embryo plant necessary for germination. 1969 D. F. Costello Prairie World (1975) iv. 62 For a short time the embryo plant is dependent on its own reserves for production of the radicle, which grows downward to form the first root. 2007 M. Black in K. Roberts Handbk. Plant Sci. II. 128/1 A seed contains an embryo plant consisting of a relatively simple axis (radicle/hypocotyl) to which the cotyledons (seed leaves) are attached. embryo sac n. [after German Embryosack (1835 in the source translated in quot. 1837), itself after French sac embryonnaire (1827 or earlier)] Botany a structure within which a plant embryo develops; spec. (in an angiosperm) a thin-walled sac inside the nucellus of the ovule within which fertilization occurs and which becomes the female gametophyte, containing the zygote and the endosperm nucleus. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo-sac embryo sac1837 macrospore1855 megaspore1857 1837 A. Gray tr. A. J. C. Corda in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 31 321 The connexion of the pollen-tubes with the embryo-sac [Ger. Embryosack] continues for some time after impregnation. 1859 T. Moore Nature-printed Brit. Ferns I. iii. 32 They [sc. the archegonia of a fern] are formed near the centre of the prothallus and at first consist of a single cell..destined to become an embryo-sac. 1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. xviii. 408 Sterility from impotence results from the failure of either pollen or embryo-sacs to form or develop normally. 2010 D. Hillis et al. Princ. Life (2012) vii. 127/1 In flowering plants the gametophytes are very small: the male gametophyte is the pollen, and the female gametophyte is the embryo sac—a part of the flower. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online June 2022). embryov. Brit. /ˈɛmbrɪəʊ/, U.S. /ˈɛmbriˌoʊ/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: embryo n. Etymology: < embryo n. Chiefly poetic. transitive. Chiefly in passive. To represent or create in embryonic form. Also intransitive: to develop in embryo. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > symbolizing > be symbol of [verb (transitive)] token971 to stand for ——a1387 presentc1390 discern?a1439 liken?c1450 adumbrate1537 figurate?1548 character1555 shadow1574 shade1591 characterize1594 symbolize1603 hieroglyphic1615 personatea1616 modelizea1628 similize1646 symptom1648 express1649 signaturize1669 image1778 embryo1831 symbol1832 1831 E. Bulwer-Lytton Siamese Twins 389 Then the dream made reply, and shadowed forth The' [sic] unshaped Events Time embryoed. 1837 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 42 539 The fine reasonings they contain were..embryoed..in symbols. 1969 Mass. Rev. 10 686 From the footprint embryoed three sons who turned all day against their father. 2003 V. Eden tr. A. Reich in Y. Mazor Poetry of Asher Reich 78 Each of Jerusalem's stones, a city embryoed together, weeps over our silence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : embryo-comb. form < n.adj.1576v.1831 see also
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embryon.adj.

Compounds

embryov.

> see also