above groundadv.adj.

(in sense A.)Brit.

/əˌbʌv ˈɡraʊnd/, U.S.

/əˌbəv ˈɡraʊnd/ (in sense B.)Brit.

/əˈbʌv ˌɡraʊnd/, U.S.

/əˈbəv ˌɡraʊnd/

Forms: see above adv., prep., n., and adj. and ground n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: above prep., ground n.

Etymology: < above prep. + ground n.

A. adv.

a. Above the ground. Opposed to underground adv. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > ground > [adverb] > above

above grounda1393

up1835

overground1855

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4389 Such lucre is non above grounde.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 86 Ek summe her aged vynes wole repare, And trunke hem of al hie abouen grounde.

1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxxii. f. 283^v I haue need of a feret, to let into this beery to styrt out the conies: that they may be take aboue ground.

1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. c iii^v A dedde stynkynge carkace, Vnproffitably cloyeth a space,Yf it be kepte above grownde.

1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. iii. 97 A swingle tree blocke made of an halfe inch boord about fowre foote aboue ground.

1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 184 Scarce their heads aboue ground they could keepe.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders sig. g2 All Creatures from the Mole..to the most Argus-like above ground.

1715 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. xii. 17 The Tuscan is so rude and material, that it is seldom used above ground.

1884 Longman's Mag. Mar. 527 The blind care-fish being probably the descendants of species which once lived above ground.

a1930 D. H. Lawrence Strike-pay (1955) 49 Having got over the excitement of being above-ground, the animals were feeling dazed and rather dreary.

1978 J. A. Maxwell America's Fascinating Indian Heritage ii. 63/1 Their old house-styles—built either entirely aboveground or sunk into shallow pits—were giving way to true pit houses.

2005 Y. Bell Edwardian Home 23 A coal hole above ground allowed the coalman to deposit the contents of the sacks where he called.

†b. In dancing: with the feet not touching the floor. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [adverb] > steps

above ground1592

1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 65 There was seene a battaile and Torney, with so swift and sodaine forces, bending themselues to the grounde as it were lying close vpon their Garde, and presently vpon it capering vp with a turne twise aboue ground.

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H3^v The whirle on toe. The turne aboue ground.

a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 40 Now heeres your inturne, and your trick above ground.

1637 T. Nabbes Microcosmus ii. C 2^v A turne above ground for a Mercuriall pick-pocket, and an easie passage to destruction for him that danceth after infected wantonnesse.

1711 E. Budgell Spectatory No. 67. ¶ 9 [He] ran to his Partner..and whisked her round cleverly above ground.

2. Alive, not yet dead and buried.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > [adverb] > alive

aliveOE

above ground1613

vitally1692

on deck1889

1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle ii. sig. D3 I'le tell Raph a tale in's eare shall fetch him againe with a Wanion I warrant him, if hee bee aboue ground.

1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 85 He went in quest of Hudibras, to find him out, where e're he was: And if he were above ground, vow'd He'd ferret him, lurk where he wou'd.

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 89 Legions of the Dead might have been above Ground, if they had but conceiv'd the Fallacy of these means.

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxv. 167 The fellows are resolved, they say, to find out these footmen, if above-ground; and the chairmen who were hired on their failure.

1813 J. Austen Let. 9 Feb. (1995) 206 If Mrs Freeman is anywhere above ground give my best Comp^ts to her.

1845 R. Browning Flight of Duchess xiii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 15/2 The oldest Gipsy then above ground.

1917 G. S. Gordon Let. 13 Feb. (1943) 69 There wasn't a living soul above ground to ask.

1932 W. Faulkner Light in August xviii. 413 He'll find him, if he is above ground.

1990 J. McGahern Amongst Women 49 She'll have a roof above her head as long as I'm above ground.

B. adj. (attributive). Frequently hyphenated and as one word.

1. Growing, constructed, or situated at or above ground level; not underground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > ground > [adjective] > on or above

aerial1608

superterraneala1629

supraterraneous1666

upper1667

superterraneous1671

superterraneana1681

superterrene1709

above ground1779

superterrestrial1828

supermundane1833

terricolous1835

terricole1840

overground1850

1779 Gen. Dict. Husb. I. at Dung Horse-dung..may be used successfully both new and rotten; not however used new or strawey for..esculent roots.., but for any other above-ground crops.

1789 J. Abercrombie Compl. Kitchen Gardener 344 In dry weather, it will be of much advantage to water particular plants, as soon as planted, as cabbage.., lettuce, and all other above ground plants.

1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 191 The khol rabi, or above-ground turnip cabbage.

1886 R. S. Burn Systematic Small Farming xx. 252 The retaining or enclosing walls of the above-ground silo should not be less than nine inches.

1940 G. Greene Power & Glory i. iii. 37 A big above-ground tomb.

1966 G. E. Evans Pattern under Plough xiv. 147 Generally speaking the waxing moon is the season for planting above-ground crops and cereals.

1992 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 6 Mar. a32/4 Underground and aboveground streams are unavoidable as they wind through millions of acres.

2. figurative. Not clandestine. Opposed to underground adj. 4c.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adjective]

openlyeOE

underna900

openeOE

utterly12..

unhida1300

perta1325

apert1330

nakeda1382

public1394

patenta1398

foreign?c1400

overtc1400

unrecovered1433

publicalc1450

open-visageda1513

bare1526

uncloaked1539

subject1556

uncovered1577

unmasked1590

facely1593

undisguised1598

female1602

unveiled1606

unshrouded1610

barefaceda1616

disclouded1615

unhiddena1616

broad-faced1643

with full miena1657

undissembled1671

frank1752

bald-faced1761

unconfidential1772

ostensible1782

unglossed1802

undisguising1813

unvisored1827

unconcealed1839

disprivacied1848

disguiseless1850

bald1854

unobscured1879

visible1885

open door1898

above ground1976

1976 National Observer (U.S.) 28 Feb. 16/3 Underground leaders of the workers' commissions were widely-elected to the above-ground negotiating committees.

1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart (1991) ii. 302 In the early eighties, the ANC moved to reestablish an aboveground presence inside South Africa.

2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 15 Mar. (Central ed.) a17/6 Post-9/11, a guest-worker program that invites illegals to join the above-ground economy only makes us safer.

Compounds

above-ground pool n. an outdoor swimming pool of which no part is below ground level, usually in the grounds of a private residence; cf. in-ground adj. at in- prefix¹ 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > swimming > [noun] > swimming pool

swimming-bath1742

natatorium1832

piscina1832

swimming-pond1833

swimming pool1899

pool1906

above-ground pool1957

infinity pool1992

1957 Pop Sci. June 156/1 Portable, above-ground pools are also big business today.

1989 Atlanta Oct. 94/2 Favorite playtoys include movie cameras, truck-mounted campers, and above-ground swimming pools.

2002 Pool & Spa News (Nexis) 30 Oct. 206 Once considered akin to oversized horse troughs for swimmers, aboveground pools have experienced a much-needed image makeover in recent years.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

a. The earth regarded as the surface upon which man and his surroundings naturally rest or move; frequently in prepositional phrases, as along (also on, to) the ground (†formerly also without the article), above (also under) ground.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun]

ground971

earthOE

fleta1000

foldOE

landOE

floor?a1400

soila1400

margin?a1425

yird1433

sulye1434

swardc1440

leaa1475

paithmentc1480

visagea1500

crust1555

mother earth1568

solum1829

carpet1918

deck1925

dutty1925

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > downwards [phrase] > to or towards the ground

along (also on, to) the ground971

to the groundward1562

the world > space > relative position > low position > [adverb] > under > under the ground

underground1598

above (also under) grounda1604

subterraneous1712

subterraneously1764

subterraneanly1859

971 Blickl. Hom. 221 Ða eodan hie eft to ðæm tune, & þæt gild gebræcan & gefyldan eal oþ grund.

OE Beowulf 2294 Hordweard sohte georne æfter grunde, wolde guman findan.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9285 Illc an treo þatt..Ne bereþþ nohht god wasstme Shall bi þe grund beon hæwenn upp.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2768 Wat is binuþe þe gronde, þat makeþ þat þe fondement ne stont none stounde.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2640 Ðe child it warp dun to de [read ðe] grund.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 246 Ase þet trau þet is ykarked mid frut, þe more hit bouȝ to þe grunde.

c1386 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 223 He fil al plat vp on the grounde.

c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8738 Oon gaf him on the ere Such a clap with his fist That he thoo the ground kyst.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 10 In Aperill, quhen cleithit is..The abill ground be wyrking off natur.

1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 29 On the fertill skyrt lappis of the ground.

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. June 6 The simple ayre, the gentle warbling wynde..The grassye ground with daintye Daysies dight.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xii. sig. Oo6 To ground He fell halfe dead.

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 86 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) If any be much under grownd, the dampnesse of the earth takes away their lively colour.

1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 43 Were the City again in the hands of the Moors, or even with the Ground, it were better for us.

1772 G. White Let. 12 Apr. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 149 After I left Sussex the tortoise retired into the ground under the hepatica.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 61 He looked on the ground while he answered her.

1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery II. xi. 214 He stumbled..and I came to the ground with him.

单词	above ground
释义	above groundadv.adj. (in sense A.)Brit. /əˌbʌv ˈɡraʊnd/, U.S. /əˌbəv ˈɡraʊnd/ (in sense B.)Brit. /əˈbʌv ˌɡraʊnd/, U.S. /əˈbəv ˌɡraʊnd/ Forms: see above adv., prep., n., and adj. and ground n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: above prep., ground n. Etymology: < above prep. + ground n. A. adv. 1. a. Above the ground. Opposed to underground adv. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > ground > [adverb] > above above grounda1393 up1835 overground1855 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 4389 Such lucre is non above grounde. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 86 Ek summe her aged vynes wole repare, And trunke hem of al hie abouen grounde. 1519 W. Horman Vulgaria xxxii. f. 283^v I haue need of a feret, to let into this beery to styrt out the conies: that they may be take aboue ground. 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. c iii^v A dedde stynkynge carkace, Vnproffitably cloyeth a space,Yf it be kepte above grownde. 1615 G. Markham Eng. Hus-wife in Countrey Contentments ii. iii. 97 A swingle tree blocke made of an halfe inch boord about fowre foote aboue ground. 1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 184 Scarce their heads aboue ground they could keepe. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders sig. g2 All Creatures from the Mole..to the most Argus-like above ground. 1715 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. xii. 17 The Tuscan is so rude and material, that it is seldom used above ground. 1884 Longman's Mag. Mar. 527 The blind care-fish being probably the descendants of species which once lived above ground. a1930 D. H. Lawrence Strike-pay (1955) 49 Having got over the excitement of being above-ground, the animals were feeling dazed and rather dreary. 1978 J. A. Maxwell America's Fascinating Indian Heritage ii. 63/1 Their old house-styles—built either entirely aboveground or sunk into shallow pits—were giving way to true pit houses. 2005 Y. Bell Edwardian Home 23 A coal hole above ground allowed the coalman to deposit the contents of the sacks where he called. †b. In dancing: with the feet not touching the floor. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [adverb] > steps above ground1592 1592 R. Dallington tr. F. Colonna Hypnerotomachia f. 65 There was seene a battaile and Torney, with so swift and sodaine forces, bending themselues to the grounde as it were lying close vpon their Garde, and presently vpon it capering vp with a turne twise aboue ground. 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie iii. x. sig. H3^v The whirle on toe. The turne aboue ground. a1627 T. Middleton & W. Rowley Old Law (1656) iii. 40 Now heeres your inturne, and your trick above ground. 1637 T. Nabbes Microcosmus ii. C 2^v A turne above ground for a Mercuriall pick-pocket, and an easie passage to destruction for him that danceth after infected wantonnesse. 1711 E. Budgell Spectatory No. 67. ¶ 9 [He] ran to his Partner..and whisked her round cleverly above ground. 2. Alive, not yet dead and buried. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > [adverb] > alive aliveOE above ground1613 vitally1692 on deck1889 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle ii. sig. D3 I'le tell Raph a tale in's eare shall fetch him againe with a Wanion I warrant him, if hee bee aboue ground. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 85 He went in quest of Hudibras, to find him out, where e're he was: And if he were above ground, vow'd He'd ferret him, lurk where he wou'd. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 89 Legions of the Dead might have been above Ground, if they had but conceiv'd the Fallacy of these means. 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison I. xxv. 167 The fellows are resolved, they say, to find out these footmen, if above-ground; and the chairmen who were hired on their failure. 1813 J. Austen Let. 9 Feb. (1995) 206 If Mrs Freeman is anywhere above ground give my best Comp^ts to her. 1845 R. Browning Flight of Duchess xiii, in Bells & Pomegranates No. VII: Dramatic Romances & Lyrics 15/2 The oldest Gipsy then above ground. 1917 G. S. Gordon Let. 13 Feb. (1943) 69 There wasn't a living soul above ground to ask. 1932 W. Faulkner Light in August xviii. 413 He'll find him, if he is above ground. 1990 J. McGahern Amongst Women 49 She'll have a roof above her head as long as I'm above ground. B. adj. (attributive). Frequently hyphenated and as one word. 1. Growing, constructed, or situated at or above ground level; not underground. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > ground > [adjective] > on or above aerial1608 superterraneala1629 supraterraneous1666 upper1667 superterraneous1671 superterraneana1681 superterrene1709 above ground1779 superterrestrial1828 supermundane1833 terricolous1835 terricole1840 overground1850 1779 Gen. Dict. Husb. I. at Dung Horse-dung..may be used successfully both new and rotten; not however used new or strawey for..esculent roots.., but for any other above-ground crops. 1789 J. Abercrombie Compl. Kitchen Gardener 344 In dry weather, it will be of much advantage to water particular plants, as soon as planted, as cabbage.., lettuce, and all other above ground plants. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 191 The khol rabi, or above-ground turnip cabbage. 1886 R. S. Burn Systematic Small Farming xx. 252 The retaining or enclosing walls of the above-ground silo should not be less than nine inches. 1940 G. Greene Power & Glory i. iii. 37 A big above-ground tomb. 1966 G. E. Evans Pattern under Plough xiv. 147 Generally speaking the waxing moon is the season for planting above-ground crops and cereals. 1992 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 6 Mar. a32/4 Underground and aboveground streams are unavoidable as they wind through millions of acres. 2. figurative. Not clandestine. Opposed to underground adj. 4c. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > manifestness > openness or unconcealedness > [adjective] openlyeOE underna900 openeOE utterly12.. unhida1300 perta1325 apert1330 nakeda1382 public1394 patenta1398 foreign?c1400 overtc1400 unrecovered1433 publicalc1450 open-visageda1513 bare1526 uncloaked1539 subject1556 uncovered1577 unmasked1590 facely1593 undisguised1598 female1602 unveiled1606 unshrouded1610 barefaceda1616 disclouded1615 unhiddena1616 broad-faced1643 with full miena1657 undissembled1671 frank1752 bald-faced1761 unconfidential1772 ostensible1782 unglossed1802 undisguising1813 unvisored1827 unconcealed1839 disprivacied1848 disguiseless1850 bald1854 unobscured1879 visible1885 open door1898 above ground1976 1976 National Observer (U.S.) 28 Feb. 16/3 Underground leaders of the workers' commissions were widely-elected to the above-ground negotiating committees. 1990 R. Malan My Traitor's Heart (1991) ii. 302 In the early eighties, the ANC moved to reestablish an aboveground presence inside South Africa. 2004 Wall St. Jrnl. 15 Mar. (Central ed.) a17/6 Post-9/11, a guest-worker program that invites illegals to join the above-ground economy only makes us safer. Compounds above-ground pool n. an outdoor swimming pool of which no part is below ground level, usually in the grounds of a private residence; cf. in-ground adj. at in- prefix¹ 2. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > swimming > [noun] > swimming pool swimming-bath1742 natatorium1832 piscina1832 swimming-pond1833 swimming pool1899 pool1906 above-ground pool1957 infinity pool1992 1957 Pop Sci. June 156/1 Portable, above-ground pools are also big business today. 1989 Atlanta Oct. 94/2 Favorite playtoys include movie cameras, truck-mounted campers, and above-ground swimming pools. 2002 Pool & Spa News (Nexis) 30 Oct. 206 Once considered akin to oversized horse troughs for swimmers, aboveground pools have experienced a much-needed image makeover in recent years. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > as lemmas above (also under) ground a. The earth regarded as the surface upon which man and his surroundings naturally rest or move; frequently in prepositional phrases, as along (also on, to) the ground (†formerly also without the article), above (also under) ground. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > ground > [noun] ground971 earthOE fleta1000 foldOE landOE floor?a1400 soila1400 margin?a1425 yird1433 sulye1434 swardc1440 leaa1475 paithmentc1480 visagea1500 crust1555 mother earth1568 solum1829 carpet1918 deck1925 dutty1925 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > downwards [phrase] > to or towards the ground along (also on, to) the ground971 to the groundward1562 the world > space > relative position > low position > [adverb] > under > under the ground underground1598 above (also under) grounda1604 subterraneous1712 subterraneously1764 subterraneanly1859 971 Blickl. Hom. 221 Ða eodan hie eft to ðæm tune, & þæt gild gebræcan & gefyldan eal oþ grund. OE Beowulf 2294 Hordweard sohte georne æfter grunde, wolde guman findan. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9285 Illc an treo þatt..Ne bereþþ nohht god wasstme Shall bi þe grund beon hæwenn upp. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 2768 Wat is binuþe þe gronde, þat makeþ þat þe fondement ne stont none stounde. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2640 Ðe child it warp dun to de [read ðe] grund. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 246 Ase þet trau þet is ykarked mid frut, þe more hit bouȝ to þe grunde. c1386 G. Chaucer Prioress's Tale 223 He fil al plat vp on the grounde. c1430 Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 8738 Oon gaf him on the ere Such a clap with his fist That he thoo the ground kyst. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) vi. l. 10 In Aperill, quhen cleithit is..The abill ground be wyrking off natur. 1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid xii. Prol. 29 On the fertill skyrt lappis of the ground. 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. June 6 The simple ayre, the gentle warbling wynde..The grassye ground with daintye Daysies dight. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. xii. sig. Oo6 To ground He fell halfe dead. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 86 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) If any be much under grownd, the dampnesse of the earth takes away their lively colour. 1698 J. Fryer New Acct. E.-India & Persia 43 Were the City again in the hands of the Moors, or even with the Ground, it were better for us. 1772 G. White Let. 12 Apr. in Nat. Hist. Selborne (1789) 149 After I left Sussex the tortoise retired into the ground under the hepatica. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 61 He looked on the ground while he answered her. 1888 J. McCarthy & R. C. Praed Ladies' Gallery II. xi. 214 He stumbled..and I came to the ground with him. extracted from groundn. above ground c. Regarded as the place of burial. above ground: unburied, alive. to bring (also come) to the ground (now only dialect): to bury, be buried. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > [noun] > earth or ground as place of burial eartheOE groundc1400 c1400 Siege Troy 1334 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen 72 44 So doughty a body..That soo lowe is leyd in þe ground. ?c1430 St. Greg. Trental in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 79 Sone to the gronde the con hor bere bryng And beryd hor. 1570 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 157 To see me honestly brought to the grownde. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. iii. 19. a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iv. i. 52 While I remaine aboue the ground, you shall Heare from me still. View more context for this quotation 1694 L. Echard tr. Plautus Rudens iv. vii, in tr. Plautus Comedies 208 I'll find out my Master, if he be above Ground, and bring him t'ye. 1858 N. Hawthorne Fr. & Ital. Jrnls. (1872) I. 19 Rachel, who died last week, and is still above ground. 1877 L. J. Jennings Field Paths 28 Poor thing! it was only fourteen months afore she came to the ground. extracted from groundn. < adv.adj.a1393 as lemmas
随便看	committers committing committor commix commixation commixed commixes commixing commixt commixtion commixtions commixture commixtures commo commodate commodating commodation commodatum commode commode chair commode pan commodely commodement commoderate commoderation

above groundadv.adj.

Compounds

> as lemmas