eco-comb. form

1974 Jrnl. Wildlife Managem. 38 122/2 The methyl mercury determinations were carried out by Eco-Research Ltd. according to a gas chromatographic method.

1990 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 Sept. 68 (advt.) A pioneer in eco-philosophy, Bookchin's writings date from the early 1950s.

1991 J. Allen Biosphere Two 46 Burgess served as botanist for the Eco-Hydrology Project of the United States Geological Survey (USGS).

1993 BBC Wildlife June 53/4 The institute has coined a new word—‘eco-literacy’—for people's ability to work with , rather than against, ecological principles.

1997 Icon Thoughtstyle Mag. Apr. 103/1 In keeping with Chouinard's strict eco-orthodoxy, he commissioned an audit of the company's own environmental impact.

1971 BioScience 21 282/1 The necessity of imparting a more biologically informed eco-consciousness requires more extensive use of field trips and studies.

1974 Chicago Tribune 19 Jan. (Home Guide section) 2/1 It is eco-fashionable these days to have some greenery about.

1985 Times 13 Sept. 11/3 Those mostly youthful, eco-minded, anti-nuclear and often anti-American voters who have gone over to the Greens.

1989 Green Mag. Dec. 18/2 Which is better? To stuff your home full of eco-dodgy insulating foam and conserve energy? or to let it ‘breathe healthily’ and thereby disperse radon and formaldehyde?

1991 Discover Dec. 47/3 They've run into an unexpected problem, though, in the eco-hip area around the Davis campus.

1992 I. Banks Crow Road ix. 229 I stood in the kitchen waiting for the water to heat up with a distinct feeling of eco-smugness.

1993 USA Weekend 23 May 8/3 Nor is she eco-obsessed.

1998 Step-by-step Graphics Sept.–Oct. 128/1 Making eco-savvy choices has become more complicated.

2005 Plenty Mar. 49/1 This eco-ingenious inn provides the perfect crash pad.

2006 Washington Post (Electronic ed.) 14 Dec. h6 Feeling a bit eco-smug because you buy recycled paper?

1990 Sitka (Alaska) Daily Sentinel 26 July 8/4 (advt.) The biggest winners are the well-paid evangelists of the ‘eco-anxiety industry’. Whenever they preach a new ‘crisis’, their groups' contributions go up.

2019 Time Mag. 2 Dec. 56/1 As protest, heat waves and natural disasters pushed climate up the news agenda, eco-anxiety has exploded across the Western world—even as developing countries suffer most from climate change.

1991 Independent on Sunday 10 Nov. (Review Suppl.) 14 An eco-architect's lot is not easy... Despite Greenpeace campaigns against PVC..there seemed, for pipework or cabling, to be no alternative.

2005 LivingEtc Aug. 26/4 Front doors open into the home David, an eco-architect, built to be as environmentally friendly..as possible.

1990 Sun Herald (Sydney) 9 Sept. 104/4 The 10-week series will touch on everything from kit homes and eco-architecture to interior design.

2006 Big Issue 3 July 12/2 This whole ‘eco-architecture’ movement that makes both sustainability and plants a more important part of the urban landscape is great.

1980 P. Sand in M. Bothe Trends Environmental Policy & Law 315 While ex post facto review cannot prevent an actual breach of common standards, it tends to have an important deterrent effect in preventing recurrence of a breach, much in the same way as an auditing of accounts has. It would seem appropriate, therefore, to label this mechanism ‘eco-audit’.

2006 Independent (Nexis) 14 Dec. (Extra section) 10 In carrying out home and business eco-audits, I come across an enormous range of carbon footprints in my domestic clients.

1990 Geogr. Jrnl. 156 144 (table) Eco-auditing for comprehensive accounting.

2006 Observer 5 Nov. i. 13/2 Several green organisations offer free eco-auditing.

1991 Financial Times 13 Nov. i. 14 The Eco-Audit regulation stipulates that each country must appoint one independent body to accredit the eco-auditors.

2006 Observer 5 Nov. i. 13/3 Each eco-auditor works with six households for four months showing them ways to reduce their gas, electricity and water use, recycle more and shop more responsibly.

1989 Guardian (Nexis) 2 Sept. The green bandwagon sometimes sinks in a slough of eco-babble.

2002 M. Bookchin in D. Schmidtz & E. Willott Environmental Ethics v. 134 [Social ecology] does not try to regale metaphorical forms of spiritual mechanism and crude biologism with..shamanistic ecobabble.

1975 N.Y. Times 25 Aug. 32/6 There is an element of eco-chic to it all.

2003 Organic Style Sept. 32/1 The eco-chic trends in the worlds of fashion, music, and movies.

2005 Time Out N.Y. 3 Nov. 22 Eco-chic is the hallmark of today's most innovative furniture designs.

1970 Guardian Weekly 15 Aug. 18 Beyond that lie the use of ecocidal weapons—herbicides in Vietnam—and ‘humane incapacitants’.

1973 Bull. Peace Proposals 4 i. 84/2 It is also important to distinguish between specific occasions of environmental warfare and persistent patterns of warfare that produce cumulative effects on ecosystems that can be properly called ‘ecocide’ or policies that can be designated ‘ecocidal’.

2003 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Oct. 136/1 The parched and drained habitat of the southern freshwater marshes, dried out and burned by Saddam in a ecocidal attempt to punish the stubborn resistance to his awful will.

1969 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 4 Apr. 7/1 [James] O'Keefe said neglect of the pollution problem could be described as ‘ecocide—crimes against humanity by destruction of the environment’.

1982 New Scientist 3 June 663/1 Olof Palme denounced the Americans for ecocide in Vietnam.

2003 P. Hervik Mayan People iii. 74 The national and international media presented the wildfire as an ecocide, since many species became extinct because of the milpa making that includes burning patches for cultivation.

1992 Western Amer. Lit. 27 196 A productive and useful way into the discipline for prospective ecocritics.

2003 D. Phillips Truth Ecol. iv. 143 Enjoying a good book about hiking or canoeing won't make you an ecocritic.

2015 Independent (Nexis) 29 May 35 According to William Howarth..an effective ecocritic should highlight culture's impact on nature.

1982 Geogr. Jrnl. 148 254 The initial reaction of many..will be to..deplore yet another geographical leap on to the eco-critical band-waggon.

1996 C. Glotfelty in C. Glotfelty & H. Fromm Ecocritcism Reader Introd. p. xx Most ecocritical work shows a common motivation: the troubling awareness that we have reached the age of environmental limits.

2015 A. C. Braddock in J. Davis et al. Compan. Amer. Art xxvi. 453 Like any interpretive discourse, ecocritical art history undoubtedly will evolve..in unpredictable ways.

1977 W. H. Plumstead in Hartford Stud. in Lit. 9 62 Ecocriticism posits ecosystems as models to evaluate and gain insights into literary works.

1995 L. Buell Environmental Imagination 430 Ecocriticism might succinctly be defined as study of the relation between literature and the environment conducted in a spirit of commitment to environmentalist praxis.

2001 Guardian 14 Apr. (Saturday section) 11/5 Bate centres this pioneering venture in ‘ecocriticism’ on a study of Romantic nature poetry from Wordsworth to Rilke.

2017 I. Hoving Writing Earth, Darkly i. 9 The romantic or spiritual longing for a harmonious reconnection with nature, which animates much traditional..ecocriticism, is not very helpful when it comes to the..much less harmonious interconnectedness of globalization.

1985 D. Foreman (title) Ecodefense: a field guide to monkeywrenching.

1990 Public Utilities Fortn. (Nexis) 22 Nov. 53 Above-ground electric transmission lines have become vulnerable not only to physical damage by storms or by ‘eco-defense’ but to public opposition.

2002 Feminist Rev. 70 109 Their actions, to reform Earth First! while fighting to preserve old growth ecosystems, would come to be among the most important examples of eco-defence in North America.

1972 Economist 3 June 78/3 When Professor Wilfred Beckerman first read the extreme prophecies of ecodoom,..he assumed that this would be universally recognized as ‘a brazen, impudent piece of nonsense’.

2003 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 3 July 10 Black-and-white thinking remains pervasive within the environmental lobby, which often uses stark and dire warnings of eco-doom to gain members and money.

1972 Times 31 May 14 (heading) Flaws in ecodoomsters' arguments.

2006 Daily Mail (Nexis) 18 Feb. 16 Such talk might seem like scare-mongering, the familiar refrain of the eco-doomsters who merely wish to make our flesh creep.

1992 S. Schmidheiny Changing Course i. 10 Industry is moving toward..recycling the materials in their products and thus limiting the use of raw materials and or energy to convert those raw materials... It is the more competitive and successful companies that are at the forefront of what we call ‘eco-efficiency’.

2000 D. D'Souza Virtue of Prosperity vi. 147 Deep ecologists worry that even if the entire ecoefficiency agenda is implemented, it still won't be enough to prevent the degradation of the planet.

1977 V. Vaniček in Landscape & Planning 4 73 The term ‘eco-engineering’ suggested by us may be defined as the art, science, and practice through which nature, landscape space, and natural resources..are made more beneficial to man.

1989 Mountain Res. & Devel. 9 3 New projects have not been able to change behavioural patterns and the schemes remain isolated eco-engineering activities.

2002 Philadelphia Inquirer 15 Dec. m2/4 Lessons in conservation and eco-engineering: which plants are used to stabilize slopes, which woods (such as poplar) burn without releasing carbon into the air.

1983 Internat. Polit. Sci. Rev. 4 411 Hobbesian images of the politics of the body came to the fore quickly, along with a vicious terminology (triage, lifeboat ethics, ecofascism, and so on).

2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 5 Nov. They could achieve their ambitions only through a level of state control across international borders that would be unprecedented in history and amount to a kind of eco-fascism.

1987 Green Perspectives No. 4–5. 14 The world's population must be drastically reduced, according to one of its acolytes, to 500 million. If deep ecologists have even the faintest knowledge of the population theorists..then they would be obliged to add: by measures that are virtually eco-fascist.

1987 Utne Reader Nov.–Dec. 14/3 [They] are promoting racism. They're eco-fascists.

2005 B. Wallach Understanding Cultural Landscape xx. 344 Developers were denounced as landscape rapers. They in turn damned the supporters of rural zoning as snob zoners and ecofascists.

2007 National Post (Canada) (Nexis) 28 Apr. a26 Failure to use the politically correct amount of toilet paper bringing down the full wrath of the eco-fascist state.

2002 W. E. Rees in Jrnl. Business Admin. & Policy Anal. 1999–2001 (Vancouver) 124 The citizens of high income countries typically have eco-footprints of five to more than ten hectares.

2006 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 4 June 38/3 Australia's ferocious consumption of nature faster than we can regenerate it has landed us with one of the biggest eco-footprints in the world.

1951 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 38 411 Grant recognized six ecogeographic subspecies, all members of this common foothill annual species complex.

2001 J. Tuxill & G. P. Nabhan People, Plants & Protected Areas iv. 100 Ecogeographic information can also be obtained by reviewing previously collected herbarium specimens and gene bank vouchers for their associated documentation.

1939 Jrnl. Ecol. 27 416 The tendency for eco-geographical differences within a continuous continental area to introduce partial discontinuities into a single specific population is of great evolutionary importance.

2006 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 31 Dec. 2/5 The theme is Water and Sustainable Development, and the exposition will feature various eco-geographical areas and themed pavilions and squares.

1960 Systematic Zool. 9 43/1 It behooves..the practicing systematist..to know ecogeography and ecogeographic regions.

1982 Atala 8 24/1 (title) Butterfly eco-geography and biological conservation in Washington.

2004 G. Prance Cultural Hist. of Plants xxi. 423 The process of collating and analyzing geographical, ecological, taxonomic, and genetic data for use in designing conservation strategies is referred to as ecogeography.

1973 Lancaster (Ohio) Eagle Gaz. 28 Sept. 9/1 Eco-justice and the church.

2004 L. Kearns in G. Jones Blackwell Compan. Mod. Theol. v. xxix. 478 Many eco-justice advocates..have worked to expose environmental injustices in the dumping of hazardous and toxic wastes and the enormous health consequences, especially for women.

1989 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 5/6 (heading) Eco-labels on nappies ‘are often misleading’.

2004 P. G. G. Davies European Union Environmental Law ii. 50 Under the current eco-label scheme, products (goods or services) which have a reduced impact on the environment in their life-cycle are promoted by the awarding of an eco-label.

1989 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 5/6 An official, standardised ‘eco-labelling’ scheme, on the lines of that established in West Germany.

2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) xv. 481 Its goal was to offer credible eco-labeling to consumers.

1968 J. Mayda Environment & Resources p. viii ‘Ecomanagement’ is comprehensive management of environment and resources.

1994 Resource Oct. 14/1 The importance of the supplier chain..in improving overall environmental performance is recognized by standards such as..the parallel EU regulation on eco-management and auditing.

2006 Business Day (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 3 Feb. (Home Front ed.) (Lifestyle & Leisure section) In the interests of correct eco-management and care for the environment, the developers..have abided by a recommendation..not to reintroduce other game species until the infrastructure is complete.

1958 Amer. Naturalist 92 130 The plant breeder and evolutionist alike have greater opportunity to produce entirely new forms fitted for very contrasting econiches.

1989 M. Day in J. R. Durant Human Origins ii. 11 A close fit of an animal to its ecological situation, its ‘econiche’ as the Americans call it, is a form of specialism.

2003 Human Biol. (Nexis) 1 Aug. 485 Such hybridization may seem unlikely to some, given differences in facial robusticity and morphology, dental size, and presumed econiche.

1973 Silver City (New Mexico) Daily Press 26 Sept. 7/6 (heading) Eco-raiders nabbed.

2004 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 20 Jan. a5 ‘Eco-raiders’ and tree-squirrel evangelists impatient with the club's reasoned approaches to environmental protection.

1985 San Francisco Chron. 29 May (Living section) aa1/1 (heading) Pros and Cons of Eco-Sabotage.

1993 Guardian 10 July ii. 27/5 To further complicate matters, Animal Lib extremists are now doing their own eco-sabotage.

2001 Folklore 112 151 Acts of eco-sabotage. Here the heavy machinery used in, say, the construction of the road, is damaged so as to prevent it being used again.

1969 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 88 380 All three species in New England can share the same macro-ecospace.]

1972 Biosci. 22 521/3 Expansion and contraction of ecospace are linked to such episodes.

1989 S. J. Gould Wonderful Life (1991) 235 It may be that diversification is simply a reflection of the availability of an almost empty ecospace with low levels of competition permitting the evolution of a wide variety of bodyplans.

2005 Space Daily (Nexis) 22 Nov. The ability to colonize heretofore unavailable ecospace by the invention of new feeding mechanisms and behaviors may have been a key driving force in the striking and continuous Jurassic-Cretaceous dinosaur diversification.

1990 New Scientist 28 July 20/2 Making environmental protection a central element in the reforms that will create a market economy. ‘Eco-taxes’ and financial incentives will play a major role.

2006 Daily Tel. 30 Oct. 6/1 Hardly any area of family life would be exempt from the new eco-taxes that..[he] wants introduced in an attempt to force people to change their behaviour to reduce their use of energy.

1980 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 23 Aug. e13/6 (heading) Eco-terrorism.

1991 Time 27 May 50/2 Saddam's eco-terrorism raised the amount of carbon dioxide that humans are pumping into the atmosphere by up to 2%.

1995 Guardian 30 June (Friday Review section) 9/1 This book takes its neat plot from eco-terrorism: one man goes out into the threatened wilderness to spike trees and sabotage logging machinery.

2004 P. Watson in A. J. Nocella & S. Best Terrorists or Freedom Fighters? 284 The forest industries commit eco-terrorism each day.

2006 Wyoming Eagle-Tribune (Nexis) 5 Oct. a4 The first defendants to be convicted in the university firebombing, one of the Northwest's most notorious acts of ecoterrorism.

1986 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald-Amer. 13 July (Stars Mag.) 14/1 Those guys are deadly eco-terrorists in disguise.

1991 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 3 Sept. History's most notorious eco-terrorist, spilling and burning millions of barrels of oil, fouling the region's air and water.

2001 High Country News 23 Apr. 5/1 Greens are sometimes called ‘eco-terrorists’ or ‘green Nazis’.

1987 Sunday Times 31 May 25/3 After it became clear that whalers had virtually wiped out the great whales, the ‘eco-warriors’ of Greenpeace and other groups dramatised the plight of the warm-blooded intelligent creatures.

1990 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 7 Jan. (Bk. Review section) 1 There is the ‘Code of the Eco-Warrior’, admonishing that proper actions result in no one getting hurt, no one getting caught, and ‘if you do get caught you're on your own’.

1996 C. J. Stone Fierce Dancing ix. 133 Andy was giving lessons in tree-climbing to all the wide-eyed trainee eco-warriors who looked upon these two as the epitome of anarchist revolutionaries.