almousn.

Brit.

/ˈɑːməs/, U.S.

/ˈɑ(l)məs/, Scottish English

/ˈɔməs/

Forms:

α. Old English (Northumbrian) Middle English–1500s almus, Middle English almuse, Middle English almusse, Middle English awllmows, Middle English–1500s almouse, Middle English–1600s 1800s– almous, 1500s aulmouse, 1800s alomes (Irish English (Wexford)); English regional 1800s almisse (Yorkshire), 1800s almose (Yorkshire), 1900s– allmees (Sussex); Scottish pre-1700 allmous, pre-1700 almouse, pre-1700 almuis, pre-1700 almus, pre-1700 almws, pre-1700 1800s almous, pre-1700 1800s almows.

β. English regional (chiefly northern) 1700s–1800s awmoss, 1800s aumous, 1800s– aamas, 1800s– aamus, 1800s– aumas, 1800s– aumus, 1800s– awmas, 1800s– awmous, 1800s– awmus, 1800s– omas, 1800s– omus, 1900s– ommus; Scottish pre-1700 amas, pre-1700 aumus, pre-1700 1800s– awmus, 1700s– aumous, 1700s– awmous, 1800s aamas (Shetland), 1800s– aumos, 1900s– amos (Shetland), 1900s– amus (Shetland).

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Probably partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: alms n.

Etymology: Probably partly a variant of alms n., chiefly resulting from association with related forms in early Scandinavian, and partly a borrowing < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic almusa , ǫlmusa and related forms cited at alms n.). Compare also almose n. and discussion at that entry.Although this is often assumed, it is by no means certain that Old English (Northumbrian) almus (see quot. OE) shows a Scandinavian loan. The variation in the representation of reduced vowels in Northumbrian, the variation in spellings of this syllable of the word in Old English, and the range of different reflexes of the corresponding vowel of the West Germanic parallels (see discussion at alms n.) make it difficult to prove such an origin. The attestation in a northern variety of English would render it more likely, but borrowing of a specifically Christian term from Scandinavian into Old English (rather than vice versa) is unexpected. Additionally, the word as found in Scandinavian is probably a borrowing from forms in West Germanic languages, and a borrowing as early as this into Old English would be surprising. Use as mass noun or count noun varies, as also for alms n.

Now rare (chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use).

= alms n. (in various senses).In quot. OE: †an offering (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun]

ofleteeOE

almousOE

houselOE

yieldOE

lakeOE

offeringOE

offeranda1225

sacrificea1300

hosta1340

sacrifyingc1374

mannaa1382

incense1382

oblationc1425

hostie1483

obleya1500

sacrificy?c1510

immolation1534

offerture1537

offrage1548

mactation1563

offertory1596

sacrificing1601

litation1623

elibation1656

sacrification1694

sacrificature1779

society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > charitableness or alms-giving > that which is given in charity

almsOE

almosec1330

charity1362

almousc1390

pittancea1425

common dole1463

goodc1475

almoignc1480

God's penny1550

sportula1606

basket-dole1618

trencher-fee1652

basket-alms1660

sedekah1839

poke-out1874

handout1882

gate-alms1896

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Mark ix. 49 Omnis enim igne sallietur et omnis uictima sallietur : eghuelc forðon mið fyre sie gecostad uel gesæltad & eghuelc cuic almus [OE Rushw. cwicu almes] gecostad sie.

c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. l. 135 (MED) Ancres and Hermytes..Schulen habben of myn Almus.

c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 262 (MED) No pore þat com to hire hous þat heo ne ȝaf sum almous.

a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Almes(se Forthi me think almus it isse, To wirke sum god thing on inglisse.

a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 3722 (MED) Þan availles almus, messe, and bedes.

1464 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 151 At the sayde frere Wylyam..mycht byge apon it a Hous of Almus for tyl harbry in it pur foulk for saull heile.

?a1515 Gest of Robyn Hode i. sig. b It is almus [de Worde almes] to helpe a gentylle knyght, That is fal in pouerte.

a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) vi. 147 He wes a man off almows grete.

1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. iv. i. i. 370 The Oblation of an Harlot maie not be receiued: notwithstandinge wee maie make an almouse of the same.

1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 64 The wife may give almous moderatly, without consent of hir husband.

a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 309 It were almous to punishe you in example of others.

1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 419 An Awmoss, alms.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. v. 127 ‘I thank ye for your awmous,’ said Ochiltree.

1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 95 White slaves, sir, about the door-cheek, haudin' out their hauns for an awmous.

1873 Sunday Mag. 2 107/1 Eat your fish on Friday, mem, dinna fail to go to confession on saunts' days; aboon a', dinna stint your awmouses and offerings.

1877 T. Gibson Legends & Hist. Notes Westmoreland 17 The mendicant stayed on if the weather was inclement..and then depart[ed] with his awmus of meal, bacon, and other provisions.

1906 A. McCormick Tinkler-gypsies Galloway (1907) vi. 273 His wife had gone to the door when Billy called to ask for an awmous.

1939 Trans. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Apr. 77 For an awmus Ah weean't tell mi neeam!

1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Acts iii. 204 This man wis pitten doun ilka day at the Temple yett caa'd the Bonnie Yett tae seek awmous o the fowk gaein intil the Temple.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

c1440 (a1349) R. Rolle Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 11 To helpe þaire sawles with almous dedes and prayers.

1489 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 108 On Skyrys Thursday, giffin for the kingis almus clathis.

c1490 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 91/2 The said almus women fully content and paid.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclviii Suche thinges as are due to..almouse houses and hospitalles.

1591 H. Barrow Plaine Refut. Giffardes Bk. iii. 143 To depend vpon the benevolence of the people,..(which a certaine Doctor of hers in disdaine caled the almouse basket).

1628 W. Struther Scotlands Warning 64 Wee ought therefore to giue our dinner to them that are hungrie..: And so our Fastes may bee filled and fatted with Almous deedes.

1641 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 107 Almous silver, obite silvir, and anniversaries.

?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 195 While she held up her greedy gab, Just like an aumous dish.

1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish i. 15 I walked about from door to door, like a dejected beggar, till I got the almous deed of a civil reception.

1884 J. Payne 1001 Nights III. 188 So but thou wilt one glance bestow, as almous-deed, on me.

1903 J. Lumsden Toorle 266 [She] was a guid kind sowl, Nane hicher cramm'd a beggar's awmous bowl.

1946 J. Barke Wind that shakes Barley iv. 193 Ye canna run the world on an almous dish.

Derivatives

† ˈalmousless adj. Obsolete rare without alms; giving or receiving no alms.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > misanthropy > [adjective] > uncharitable

almouslessc1330

almsless2000

c1330 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 142 (MED) For pride haþe sleue, þe lond is almusles.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	almous
释义	almousn. Brit. /ˈɑːməs/, U.S. /ˈɑ(l)məs/, Scottish English /ˈɔməs/ Forms: α. Old English (Northumbrian) Middle English–1500s almus, Middle English almuse, Middle English almusse, Middle English awllmows, Middle English–1500s almouse, Middle English–1600s 1800s– almous, 1500s aulmouse, 1800s alomes (Irish English (Wexford)); English regional 1800s almisse (Yorkshire), 1800s almose (Yorkshire), 1900s– allmees (Sussex); Scottish pre-1700 allmous, pre-1700 almouse, pre-1700 almuis, pre-1700 almus, pre-1700 almws, pre-1700 1800s almous, pre-1700 1800s almows. β. English regional (chiefly northern) 1700s–1800s awmoss, 1800s aumous, 1800s– aamas, 1800s– aamus, 1800s– aumas, 1800s– aumus, 1800s– awmas, 1800s– awmous, 1800s– awmus, 1800s– omas, 1800s– omus, 1900s– ommus; Scottish pre-1700 amas, pre-1700 aumus, pre-1700 1800s– awmus, 1700s– aumous, 1700s– awmous, 1800s aamas (Shetland), 1800s– aumos, 1900s– amos (Shetland), 1900s– amus (Shetland). Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Probably partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: alms n. Etymology: Probably partly a variant of alms n., chiefly resulting from association with related forms in early Scandinavian, and partly a borrowing < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic almusa , ǫlmusa and related forms cited at alms n.). Compare also almose n. and discussion at that entry.Although this is often assumed, it is by no means certain that Old English (Northumbrian) almus (see quot. OE) shows a Scandinavian loan. The variation in the representation of reduced vowels in Northumbrian, the variation in spellings of this syllable of the word in Old English, and the range of different reflexes of the corresponding vowel of the West Germanic parallels (see discussion at alms n.) make it difficult to prove such an origin. The attestation in a northern variety of English would render it more likely, but borrowing of a specifically Christian term from Scandinavian into Old English (rather than vice versa) is unexpected. Additionally, the word as found in Scandinavian is probably a borrowing from forms in West Germanic languages, and a borrowing as early as this into Old English would be surprising. Use as mass noun or count noun varies, as also for alms n. Now rare (chiefly Scottish and English regional (northern) in later use). = alms n. (in various senses).In quot. OE: †an offering (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrifice or a sacrifice > [noun] ofleteeOE almousOE houselOE yieldOE lakeOE offeringOE offeranda1225 sacrificea1300 hosta1340 sacrifyingc1374 mannaa1382 incense1382 oblationc1425 hostie1483 obleya1500 sacrificy?c1510 immolation1534 offerture1537 offrage1548 mactation1563 offertory1596 sacrificing1601 litation1623 elibation1656 sacrification1694 sacrificature1779 society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > charitableness or alms-giving > that which is given in charity almsOE almosec1330 charity1362 almousc1390 pittancea1425 common dole1463 goodc1475 almoignc1480 God's penny1550 sportula1606 basket-dole1618 trencher-fee1652 basket-alms1660 sedekah1839 poke-out1874 handout1882 gate-alms1896 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Mark ix. 49 Omnis enim igne sallietur et omnis uictima sallietur : eghuelc forðon mið fyre sie gecostad uel gesæltad & eghuelc cuic almus [OE Rushw. cwicu almes] gecostad sie. c1390 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Vernon) (1867) A. vii. l. 135 (MED) Ancres and Hermytes..Schulen habben of myn Almus. c1390 (c1300) MS Vernon Homilies in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1877) 57 262 (MED) No pore þat com to hire hous þat heo ne ȝaf sum almous. a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Serm. on Gospels (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Almes(se Forthi me think almus it isse, To wirke sum god thing on inglisse. a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 3722 (MED) Þan availles almus, messe, and bedes. 1464 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 151 At the sayde frere Wylyam..mycht byge apon it a Hous of Almus for tyl harbry in it pur foulk for saull heile. ?a1515 Gest of Robyn Hode i. sig. b It is almus [de Worde almes] to helpe a gentylle knyght, That is fal in pouerte. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Royal) vi. 147 He wes a man off almows grete. 1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. iv. i. i. 370 The Oblation of an Harlot maie not be receiued: notwithstandinge wee maie make an almouse of the same. 1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 64 The wife may give almous moderatly, without consent of hir husband. a1650 D. Calderwood Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1843) IV. 309 It were almous to punishe you in example of others. 1703 R. Thoresby Let. 27 Apr. in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 419 An Awmoss, alms. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. v. 127 ‘I thank ye for your awmous,’ said Ochiltree. 1826 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae xxvii, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. July 95 White slaves, sir, about the door-cheek, haudin' out their hauns for an awmous. 1873 Sunday Mag. 2 107/1 Eat your fish on Friday, mem, dinna fail to go to confession on saunts' days; aboon a', dinna stint your awmouses and offerings. 1877 T. Gibson Legends & Hist. Notes Westmoreland 17 The mendicant stayed on if the weather was inclement..and then depart[ed] with his awmus of meal, bacon, and other provisions. 1906 A. McCormick Tinkler-gypsies Galloway (1907) vi. 273 His wife had gone to the door when Billy called to ask for an awmous. 1939 Trans. Yorks. Dial. Soc. Apr. 77 For an awmus Ah weean't tell mi neeam! 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots Acts iii. 204 This man wis pitten doun ilka day at the Temple yett caa'd the Bonnie Yett tae seek awmous o the fowk gaein intil the Temple. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ c1440 (a1349) R. Rolle Eng. Prose Treat. (1921) 11 To helpe þaire sawles with almous dedes and prayers. 1489 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 108 On Skyrys Thursday, giffin for the kingis almus clathis. c1490 in J. Raine Vol. Eng. Misc. N. Counties Eng. (1890) 91/2 The said almus women fully content and paid. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cccclviii Suche thinges as are due to..almouse houses and hospitalles. 1591 H. Barrow Plaine Refut. Giffardes Bk. iii. 143 To depend vpon the benevolence of the people,..(which a certaine Doctor of hers in disdaine caled the almouse basket). 1628 W. Struther Scotlands Warning 64 Wee ought therefore to giue our dinner to them that are hungrie..: And so our Fastes may bee filled and fatted with Almous deedes. 1641 in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 107 Almous silver, obite silvir, and anniversaries. ?a1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 195 While she held up her greedy gab, Just like an aumous dish. 1821 J. Galt Ann. Parish i. 15 I walked about from door to door, like a dejected beggar, till I got the almous deed of a civil reception. 1884 J. Payne 1001 Nights III. 188 So but thou wilt one glance bestow, as almous-deed, on me. 1903 J. Lumsden Toorle 266 [She] was a guid kind sowl, Nane hicher cramm'd a beggar's awmous bowl. 1946 J. Barke Wind that shakes Barley iv. 193 Ye canna run the world on an almous dish. Derivatives † ˈalmousless adj. Obsolete rare without alms; giving or receiving no alms. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > misanthropy > [adjective] > uncharitable almouslessc1330 almsless2000 c1330 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 142 (MED) For pride haþe sleue, þe lond is almusles. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.OE
随便看	i don't rightly know i don't say this lightly i don't suppose? i don't think i don't use that word lightly i don'wouldn't know about that i etc born ready i etc could go i etc could murder i etc had as lief as i etc had occasionally have as lief as i etc never dreamed that i etc should be so lucky i etc would never dream of i etc would never dream of doing something i etc would not dream of i etc would not dream of doing something i expect not i expect so i fancy i fear me i fear we part not yet, quoth the baker to the pillory i fere i give you that i guess