> as lemmas

1830 Parl. Deb. 2nd Ser. 25 65 The slow, tedious, wearing, energy-consuming, punishment of solitary confinement.

1839 Scioto (Ohio) Gaz. 11 Apr. We have seen him maintain his stand—almost the very soul and energy-giving agent of our great trading people.

1850 T. D. Mitchell Materia Medica & Therapeutics 570 The stamina [will] cease to have an energy-imparting power.

1861 R. P. Ritchie in Lancet 9 Mar. 243/2 The determination to conduct themselves in the pure cause is wanting, and in this there is evidence of the pernicious energy-sapping cause [i.e. masturbation].

1876 Nature 7 Sept. 393/1 The chief form of energy in the organic kingdom is that resulting from the oxidation of carbon, chiefly characteristic of animals, while plants secrete the energy-producing material.

1879 Photogr. News 21 Feb. 89/2 Each part of this lovely variegated band is formed by energy carrying waves.

1882 Aberdeen Jrnl. 28 Dec. 2/2 Plum-pudding, it has been shown, is a splendid energy-producer.

1883 Photogr. News 9 Mar. 149/1 Let every one try to get in his head that every ray is an energy-carrier, and capable of doing some kind of work.

1889 W. S. Woodbridge Christ in Life 18 Hard work and energy-draining diversion are characteristic of the American people.

1893 Evening Times (Monroe, Wisconsin) 23 Oct. An energy saving appliance was noticed in an open carriage..recently... It was an open-faced watch set in the floor of the carriage so that the occupant could see the time of day by merely glancing down.

1895 Hawarden (Iowa) Independent 7 Mar. The Amish..continue to thresh their grain by tramping it out with their well fed horses rather than use the rapid, economical, energy conserving, but ungodly separator.

1905 Science 6 Jan. 8/2 No one can see far into the future, but we all easily see the dawn of a new era of energy saving.

1933 Chicago Tribune 8 Sept. 20/2 Charts..of..familiar foods, each one marked to indicate its importance as a source of minerals and vitamins, or muscle building and energy boosting materials.

1938 N.Y. Herald Tribune 24 Apr. iv. 7/5 There are scrapers..with a solid steel handle, [and] others with a pistol grip which is very energy saving.

1940 Lima (Ohio) News 9 Oct. 13/6 (advt.) Burkhardt's beer..is just what I need to top off a hard, hot day of welding. It's the best energy-booster I've ever found.

1940 Dairy World 19 40 Selling more milk for health protection and energy boosting will aid the national defense program.

1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man iii. iv. 96 The fertilizing, energy-giving belt of cyclonic weather.

1952 N.Y. Times Bk. Rev. 11 May 8/2 It is time-consuming and energy-consuming to be an invalid.

1958 Lebanon (Pa.) Daily News 7 May 9/3 Campaigning is costly today. It is time-consuming. It is energy-sapping—and politically it is deadly.

1963 Physical Zool. 36 158/2 A..metabolism that requires less O₂ at a given temperature..would result in great energy savings for the winter.

1976 J. Updike in Boston Globe 11 Dec. 14/7 The older I got I'd say I'm more monogamous... Monogamy is very energy-conserving.

1978 Sulfur Oxides (U.S. National Res. Council: Assembly Life Sci.) i. 1 The tremendous cost of air-pollution control equipment for energy-producing plants.

1980 Los Angeles Times 23 May v. 13/1 1 million jobs were created in 1979 because businesses have found it economical to substitute labor for energy-draining machinery.

1990 Which? Apr. 222/2 Market forces can encourage energy saving..but they don't reflect the cost of environmental damage.

2014 Express (Nexis) 26 Mar. 35 Coenzyme Q10 is an important antioxidant and an energy-carrying enzyme that is found in every cell of the body.