down and outv.

Brit.

/ˌdaʊn ən(d) ˈaʊt/, U.S.

/ˌdaʊn ən ˈaʊt/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: down and out adv.

Etymology: < down and out adv.

colloquial.

transitive. To annihilate or defeat (a person).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to

undoc950

shendOE

forfarea1000

endc1000

to do awayOE

aquenchc1175

slayc1175

stathea1200

tinea1300

to-spilla1300

batec1300

bleschea1325

honisha1325

leesea1325

wastec1325

stanch1338

corrumpa1340

destroy1340

to put awayc1350

dissolvec1374

supplanta1382

to-shend1382

aneantizec1384

avoidc1384

to put outa1398

beshenda1400

swelta1400

amortizec1405

distract1413

consumec1425

shelfc1425

abroge1427

downthringc1430

kill1435

poisonc1450

defeat1474

perish1509

to blow away1523

abrogatea1529

to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529

dash?1529

to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531

put in the pot1531

wipea1538

extermine1539

fatec1540

peppera1550

disappoint1563

to put (also set) beside the saddle1563

to cut the throat of1565

to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568

to make a hand of (also on, with)1569

demolish1570

to break the neck of1576

to make shipwreck of1577

spoil1578

to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579

cipher1589

ruinate1590

to cut off by the shins1592

shipwreck1599

exterminate1605

finish1611

damnify1612

ravel1614

braina1616

stagger1629

unrivet1630

consummate1634

pulverizea1640

baffle1649

devil1652

to blow up1660

feague1668

shatter1683

cook1708

to die away1748

to prove fatal (to)1759

to knock up1764

to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834

to put the kibosh on1834

to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835

kibosh1841

to chaw up1843

cooper1851

to jack up1870

scuttle1888

to bugger up1891

jigger1895

torpedo1895

on the fritz1900

to put paid to1901

rot1908

down and out1916

scuppera1918

to put the skids under1918

stonker1919

liquidate1924

to screw up1933

cruel1934

to dig the grave of1934

pox1935

blow1936

to hit for six1937

to piss up1937

to dust off1938

zap1976

1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 186 That machine-gun upstairs is a certain invitation to sudden death and the German gunners to down and out us.

1962 Bastard from Bush in ‘S. Hogbotel’ & ‘S. Ffuckes’ Snatches & Layes 58 When you're down and outed, to a hopeless bloody wreck, May you slip back through your arsehole, and break your fucking neck.

1998 Jacksonville (Florida) Free Press 19 Aug. 5 Last year they were down and outed to death by the Steelers during their fourth quarter comeback.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

down and outadv.n.adj.

(as adverb)Brit.

/ˌdaʊn ən(d) ˈaʊt/, U.S.

/ˈˌdaʊn ən ˈˌaʊt/ (as noun and adjective)Brit.

/ˈdaʊn ən(d) aʊt/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊn ən ˌaʊt/

Forms: 1800s– down and out, 1900s– down an' out, 1900s– down 'n out, 1900s– down 'n' out.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., and conj.¹, out adv.

Etymology: < down adv. (compare sense 2a at that entry) + and conj.¹ + out adv. (compare sense 19c at that entry).

colloquial (originally U.S.)

A. adv.

a. Of a boxer, fighter, etc., that has been knocked to the floor and is unable to continue fighting; ‘out for the count’.

ΚΠ

1894 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 3 Mar. 6/6 Knuckles dealt Cornu a stiff swing on the jaw and Cornu went down and out.

1913 Lake County (Indiana) Times 26 May 3/3 He hit Tex Russell..in the side of the head and put him down and out.

1969 Black Belt Mar. 46/1 Kee Moon came flying out, smashed across the jaw by a billy club. He was down and out, right in the doorway.

1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 83 Bertie was so surprised he was down and out before he could spot how Percy was leaving himself wide open around the breadbasket.

2000 Observer (Nexis) 24 Dec. 11 Botile knocked him down and out in the twelfth in Sheffield last Saturday night.

2017 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 12 June 48 Previously undefeated Smith, who was down three times, looked to be down and out in the final round.

b. Of a competitor (esp. a sports team): on the verge of defeat; facing certain defeat.

ΚΠ

1916 Tel.-Herald (Dubuque, Iowa) 6 Feb. 24/6 The Browns..were down and out in the pennant race and gate receipts at St. Louis were almost nothing.

1940 Open Road for Boys Sept. 12/1 Once down-and-out the Dodgers were on the way back.

1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 16 Sept. d23/1 An 0-3 start would likely put this team down and out.

2000 Rugby World June 48/2 In 1998 Joost's Blue Bulls were down and out, 17–3 adrift, in a Currie Cup semi-final against Natal Sharks.

2. Bridge. to play (also show) down and out: to indicate the ability to trump a partner by following two consecutive leads by one’s partner with two cards of the same suit in descending order of value.

ΚΠ

1900 R. F. Foster Bridge Man. 80 Your partner will know you have no more, just as well as if you had played down and out.

1929 W. C. Whitehead Championship Bridge Hands 29 To follow with a card lower than the Six would show down and out.

1959 D. Parson Fall of Cards 262 Had he played down and out, you would have known that Declarer had another Diamond, and the stratagem would have been exposed.

3. Of a person, country, etc.: completely without resources or means of livelihood; reduced to destitution or vagrancy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > in impoverished state [phrase]

to the boneOE

to be out at elbow(sa1616

in (also at) low water1785

down on the knuckle-bone1883

(down) on one's uppers1886

on the rocks1889

down and out1901

on the outer1915

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > very poor person

armeOE

goodlessa1350

pauper1516

bankrupt?1563

gnaw-bone1607

gnaw-crust1611

have-nothing1755

bone-grubber1817

bone-picker1825

lack-all1850

destitute1863

stiff1899

down and out1901

down-and-outer1906

1901 ‘H. McHugh’ John Henry 31 Say! I was down and out—no kidding!

1922 G. M. Trevelyan Brit. Hist. 19th Cent. xxiii. 375 France was down and out.

1923 J. Cox (title of song) Nobody knows you when you are down and out.

1933 ‘G. Orwell’ (title) Down and out in Paris and London.

1978 E. Anderson Place on Corner iii. 81 Tiger was pretty much down and out, often wondering where his next meal would come from and where he would sleep.

2007 J. Kavenna Inglorious (2008) 39 Yet even now, she wasn't down and out, not destitute at all.

B. n.

1. With singular agreement. A person who has been reduced to destitution or vagrancy; a ‘down and out’ person.

ΚΠ

1905 Washington Post 15 Oct. (Sporting section) 3/3 Nowadays, when I butt into one of the down-and-outs around a racetrack he's got to give me a peek at what he's wearing underneath his outside make-up of punk togs, for it may be the Lyons silk kind at $75 the suit.

1917 J. Farnol Definite Object vi. 49 I don't want 'em to think I'm floatin' around with a down-an'-out from Battyville.

1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Jan. 15/2 After leaving school he emigrated into what he calls Fitzrovia—a world of outsiders, down-and-outs, drunks, sensualists, homosexuals and eccentrics.

1968 T. Parker People of Streets 31 The assistance is for the poor people really, the ones who they call the down-and-outs.

2009 Sunday Sun (Nexis) 12 Apr. 61 Johnnie..is a down-and-out trying to make ends meet against the odds.

2. With the and plural agreement. ‘Down and out’ people collectively.

ΚΠ

1909 R. W. Service Ballads of Cheechako 16 One of the Down and Out—that's me. Stare at me well, ay, stare!

1923 H. L. Foster Beachcomber in Orient x. 215 Nowhere in my travels had I ever found a city so full of the down-and-out as was Singapore at that particular moment.

1995 N.Y. Times 11 Jan. c8/6 (heading) Top chefs aid the down and out.

2007 Maclean's (Toronto) 1 Jan. 20 Although it has a reputation for being a cheap high for the down-and-out, the reality is increasingly different.

C. adj.

Of a person: completely without resources or means of livelihood; reduced to destitution or vagrancy. Also of places, circumstances, etc.: characteristic of an impoverished or vagrant existence; exhibiting a deterioration into squalor.

ΚΠ

1906 N.Y. City Mission Monthly Nov. 5 Instead of being a poor down-and-out ‘bum’, as some folks would call me, I am a Lodging House Missionary.

1912 C. A. Starr Underworld to Upper viii. 79 When a man has passed fifty or fifty-five in the down-and-out life, the chances are not one in a hundred that he will ever leave that life.

1968 T. Parker People of Streets 159 Billy Costello, down-and-out dosser, twenty-four years old.

1975 P. Kronhausen & E. Kronhausen Sex People iii. 22 The main drag, Avenida Juarez, was a sort of down-and-out, carny-style Vegas.

2013 Canberra Times (Nexis) 23 July a8 He is learning about the wretchedness of his permanently down-and-out brothers and sisters.

Derivatives

ˌdown-and-ˈouter n. a person who has been reduced to destitution or vagrancy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > very poor person

armeOE

goodlessa1350

pauper1516

bankrupt?1563

gnaw-bone1607

gnaw-crust1611

have-nothing1755

bone-grubber1817

bone-picker1825

lack-all1850

destitute1863

stiff1899

down and out1901

down-and-outer1906

1906 Up-to-the-Times Nov. 30/1 You have no difficulty in recognizing a Down-and-Outer wherever he may be. He has a hangdog, dejected, beaten and buffeted appearance.

1967 Boston Sunday Herald 2 Apr. 27/2 Two down and outers, looking for some rich people to marry, find each other.

1989 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 25 Nov. Richards' characters are usually what are often called—delicately, in quotation marks—ordinary, working-class people or, worse, down-and-outers.

2016 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 14 Apr. 22 The Coast's down-and-outers were no longer old but jobless, disillusioned teenagers.

ˌdown-and-ˈoutness n. the state or condition of being reduced in circumstances; destitution, vagrancy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > extreme poverty or destitution

nakedness1526

starkness1544

beggary1581

destitutiona1600

primary poverty1901

down-and-outness1907

Tobacco Road1937

1907 N.Y. Times 7 Feb. 5/1 Mr. Keller had striven to please, contrasting the survival of Gen. Porter among after-dinner speakers with the down-and-outness of Senator Depew.

1972 M. Sinclair Folio Forty-one iii. 28 The shabbiness of the demonstrators, the studied down-and-outness, that itself was a sort of mediocre conformity.

1994 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 15 Jan. d20 Homelessness and down-and-outness..have now become accepted and formalized as part of society.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	down and out
释义	down and outv. Brit. /ˌdaʊn ən(d) ˈaʊt/, U.S. /ˌdaʊn ən ˈaʊt/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: down and out adv. Etymology: < down and out adv. colloquial. transitive. To annihilate or defeat (a person). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > bring to ruin or put an end to undoc950 shendOE forfarea1000 endc1000 to do awayOE aquenchc1175 slayc1175 slayc1175 stathea1200 tinea1300 to-spilla1300 batec1300 bleschea1325 honisha1325 leesea1325 wastec1325 stanch1338 corrumpa1340 destroy1340 to put awayc1350 dissolvec1374 supplanta1382 to-shend1382 aneantizec1384 avoidc1384 to put outa1398 beshenda1400 swelta1400 amortizec1405 distract1413 consumec1425 shelfc1425 abroge1427 downthringc1430 kill1435 poisonc1450 defeat1474 perish1509 to blow away1523 abrogatea1529 to prick (also turn, pitch) over the perka1529 dash?1529 to bring (also send) to (the) pot1531 put in the pot1531 wipea1538 extermine1539 fatec1540 peppera1550 disappoint1563 to put (also set) beside the saddle1563 to cut the throat of1565 to throw (also turn, etc.) over the perch1568 to make a hand of (also on, with)1569 demolish1570 to break the neck of1576 to make shipwreck of1577 spoil1578 to knock on (in) the head (also rarely at head)1579 cipher1589 ruinate1590 to cut off by the shins1592 shipwreck1599 exterminate1605 finish1611 damnify1612 ravel1614 braina1616 stagger1629 unrivet1630 consummate1634 pulverizea1640 baffle1649 devil1652 to blow up1660 feague1668 shatter1683 cook1708 to die away1748 to prove fatal (to)1759 to knock up1764 to knock (or kick) the hindsight out or off1834 to put the kibosh on1834 to cook (rarely do) one's goose1835 kibosh1841 to chaw up1843 cooper1851 to jack up1870 scuttle1888 to bugger up1891 jigger1895 torpedo1895 on the fritz1900 to put paid to1901 rot1908 down and out1916 scuppera1918 to put the skids under1918 stonker1919 liquidate1924 to screw up1933 cruel1934 to dig the grave of1934 pox1935 blow1936 to hit for six1937 to piss up1937 to dust off1938 zap1976 1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 186 That machine-gun upstairs is a certain invitation to sudden death and the German gunners to down and out us. 1962 Bastard from Bush in ‘S. Hogbotel’ & ‘S. Ffuckes’ Snatches & Layes 58 When you're down and outed, to a hopeless bloody wreck, May you slip back through your arsehole, and break your fucking neck. 1998 Jacksonville (Florida) Free Press 19 Aug. 5 Last year they were down and outed to death by the Steelers during their fourth quarter comeback. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). down and outadv.n.adj. (as adverb)Brit. /ˌdaʊn ən(d) ˈaʊt/, U.S. /ˈˌdaʊn ən ˈˌaʊt/ (as noun and adjective)Brit. /ˈdaʊn ən(d) aʊt/, U.S. /ˈdaʊn ən ˌaʊt/ Forms: 1800s– down and out, 1900s– down an' out, 1900s– down 'n out, 1900s– down 'n' out. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., and conj.¹, out adv. Etymology: < down adv. (compare sense 2a at that entry) + and conj.¹ + out adv. (compare sense 19c at that entry). colloquial (originally U.S.) A. adv. 1. a. Of a boxer, fighter, etc., that has been knocked to the floor and is unable to continue fighting; ‘out for the count’. ΚΠ 1894 Daily Picayune (New Orleans) 3 Mar. 6/6 Knuckles dealt Cornu a stiff swing on the jaw and Cornu went down and out. 1913 Lake County (Indiana) Times 26 May 3/3 He hit Tex Russell..in the side of the head and put him down and out. 1969 Black Belt Mar. 46/1 Kee Moon came flying out, smashed across the jaw by a billy club. He was down and out, right in the doorway. 1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 83 Bertie was so surprised he was down and out before he could spot how Percy was leaving himself wide open around the breadbasket. 2000 Observer (Nexis) 24 Dec. 11 Botile knocked him down and out in the twelfth in Sheffield last Saturday night. 2017 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 12 June 48 Previously undefeated Smith, who was down three times, looked to be down and out in the final round. b. Of a competitor (esp. a sports team): on the verge of defeat; facing certain defeat. ΚΠ 1916 Tel.-Herald (Dubuque, Iowa) 6 Feb. 24/6 The Browns..were down and out in the pennant race and gate receipts at St. Louis were almost nothing. 1940 Open Road for Boys Sept. 12/1 Once down-and-out the Dodgers were on the way back. 1988 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 16 Sept. d23/1 An 0-3 start would likely put this team down and out. 2000 Rugby World June 48/2 In 1998 Joost's Blue Bulls were down and out, 17–3 adrift, in a Currie Cup semi-final against Natal Sharks. 2. Bridge. to play (also show) down and out: to indicate the ability to trump a partner by following two consecutive leads by one’s partner with two cards of the same suit in descending order of value. ΚΠ 1900 R. F. Foster Bridge Man. 80 Your partner will know you have no more, just as well as if you had played down and out. 1929 W. C. Whitehead Championship Bridge Hands 29 To follow with a card lower than the Six would show down and out. 1959 D. Parson Fall of Cards 262 Had he played down and out, you would have known that Declarer had another Diamond, and the stratagem would have been exposed. 3. Of a person, country, etc.: completely without resources or means of livelihood; reduced to destitution or vagrancy. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > in impoverished state [phrase] to the boneOE to be out at elbow(sa1616 in (also at) low water1785 down on the knuckle-bone1883 (down) on one's uppers1886 on the rocks1889 down and out1901 on the outer1915 the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > very poor person armeOE goodlessa1350 pauper1516 bankrupt?1563 gnaw-bone1607 gnaw-crust1611 have-nothing1755 bone-grubber1817 bone-picker1825 lack-all1850 destitute1863 stiff1899 down and out1901 down-and-outer1906 1901 ‘H. McHugh’ John Henry 31 Say! I was down and out—no kidding! 1922 G. M. Trevelyan Brit. Hist. 19th Cent. xxiii. 375 France was down and out. 1923 J. Cox (title of song) Nobody knows you when you are down and out. 1933 ‘G. Orwell’ (title) Down and out in Paris and London. 1978 E. Anderson Place on Corner iii. 81 Tiger was pretty much down and out, often wondering where his next meal would come from and where he would sleep. 2007 J. Kavenna Inglorious (2008) 39 Yet even now, she wasn't down and out, not destitute at all. B. n. 1. With singular agreement. A person who has been reduced to destitution or vagrancy; a ‘down and out’ person. ΚΠ 1905 Washington Post 15 Oct. (Sporting section) 3/3 Nowadays, when I butt into one of the down-and-outs around a racetrack he's got to give me a peek at what he's wearing underneath his outside make-up of punk togs, for it may be the Lyons silk kind at $75 the suit. 1917 J. Farnol Definite Object vi. 49 I don't want 'em to think I'm floatin' around with a down-an'-out from Battyville. 1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Jan. 15/2 After leaving school he emigrated into what he calls Fitzrovia—a world of outsiders, down-and-outs, drunks, sensualists, homosexuals and eccentrics. 1968 T. Parker People of Streets 31 The assistance is for the poor people really, the ones who they call the down-and-outs. 2009 Sunday Sun (Nexis) 12 Apr. 61 Johnnie..is a down-and-out trying to make ends meet against the odds. 2. With the and plural agreement. ‘Down and out’ people collectively. ΚΠ 1909 R. W. Service Ballads of Cheechako 16 One of the Down and Out—that's me. Stare at me well, ay, stare! 1923 H. L. Foster Beachcomber in Orient x. 215 Nowhere in my travels had I ever found a city so full of the down-and-out as was Singapore at that particular moment. 1995 N.Y. Times 11 Jan. c8/6 (heading) Top chefs aid the down and out. 2007 Maclean's (Toronto) 1 Jan. 20 Although it has a reputation for being a cheap high for the down-and-out, the reality is increasingly different. C. adj. Of a person: completely without resources or means of livelihood; reduced to destitution or vagrancy. Also of places, circumstances, etc.: characteristic of an impoverished or vagrant existence; exhibiting a deterioration into squalor. ΚΠ 1906 N.Y. City Mission Monthly Nov. 5 Instead of being a poor down-and-out ‘bum’, as some folks would call me, I am a Lodging House Missionary. 1912 C. A. Starr Underworld to Upper viii. 79 When a man has passed fifty or fifty-five in the down-and-out life, the chances are not one in a hundred that he will ever leave that life. 1968 T. Parker People of Streets 159 Billy Costello, down-and-out dosser, twenty-four years old. 1975 P. Kronhausen & E. Kronhausen Sex People iii. 22 The main drag, Avenida Juarez, was a sort of down-and-out, carny-style Vegas. 2013 Canberra Times (Nexis) 23 July a8 He is learning about the wretchedness of his permanently down-and-out brothers and sisters. Derivatives ˌdown-and-ˈouter n. a person who has been reduced to destitution or vagrancy. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > poor person > very poor person armeOE goodlessa1350 pauper1516 bankrupt?1563 gnaw-bone1607 gnaw-crust1611 have-nothing1755 bone-grubber1817 bone-picker1825 lack-all1850 destitute1863 stiff1899 down and out1901 down-and-outer1906 1906 Up-to-the-Times Nov. 30/1 You have no difficulty in recognizing a Down-and-Outer wherever he may be. He has a hangdog, dejected, beaten and buffeted appearance. 1967 Boston Sunday Herald 2 Apr. 27/2 Two down and outers, looking for some rich people to marry, find each other. 1989 Globe & Mail (Canada) (Nexis) 25 Nov. Richards' characters are usually what are often called—delicately, in quotation marks—ordinary, working-class people or, worse, down-and-outers. 2016 Gold Coast Bull. (Austral.) (Nexis) 14 Apr. 22 The Coast's down-and-outers were no longer old but jobless, disillusioned teenagers. ˌdown-and-ˈoutness n. the state or condition of being reduced in circumstances; destitution, vagrancy. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > extreme poverty or destitution nakedness1526 starkness1544 beggary1581 destitutiona1600 primary poverty1901 down-and-outness1907 Tobacco Road1937 1907 N.Y. Times 7 Feb. 5/1 Mr. Keller had striven to please, contrasting the survival of Gen. Porter among after-dinner speakers with the down-and-outness of Senator Depew. 1972 M. Sinclair Folio Forty-one iii. 28 The shabbiness of the demonstrators, the studied down-and-outness, that itself was a sort of mediocre conformity. 1994 Vancouver Sun (Nexis) 15 Jan. d20 Homelessness and down-and-outness..have now become accepted and formalized as part of society. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < v.1916adv.n.adj.1894
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