Marathaadj.n.

Brit.

/məˈrɑːtə/,

/məˈratə/, U.S.

/məˈrɑdə/

Forms: 1700s Maharattor, 1700s marata, 1700s Merhattah, 1700s Mhahrattah, 1700s Mharatta, 1700s Moratta, 1700s Morattoe, 1700s–1800s Maratta, 1700s– Mahratta, 1700s– Marhatta, 1800s Maharatta, 1800s– Maratha.

Origin: A borrowing from Marathi. Etymon: Marathi Marāṭhā.

Etymology: < Marathi Marāṭhā < Sanskrit Māhārāṣṭra (see Maharashtrian n. and adj.). Maratha replaced earlier Mahratta as the preferred spelling of this word during the 20th cent. N.E.D. (1905) enters this under Mahratta and gives only the pronunciation (măræ·tă) /məˈrætə/.

A. adj.

Of or relating to the princely and military classes of the former Hindu kingdom of Maharashtra in central India (now the modern Indian state of Maharashtra). Also: of or relating to the language of these classes. Maratha Ditch n. a ditch made in 1742 to protect Calcutta from invasion by Marathas; (also) a similar ditch made at Madras in 1780. Maratha Entrenchment n. = Maratha Ditch n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > other peoples of India

Gentoo1672

Maratha1742

Mewati1832

Toda1834

Naga1835

Sindhi1836

Yusufzai1838

Ahom1848

Dogra1849

Lushai1862

Meo1880

Rai1899

Moplah1910

1742 R. Orme in C. R. Wilson Old Fort William (1906) I. 156 A ditch..from the northern part of Sootanutty, to the Southern part of Govindpore..was called the Morattoe ditch.

1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 285 There was a man who carried a large Moratta battle-ax on his shoulder.

1782 Indian Gaz. 10 Aug. To the Proprietors and Occupiers of Houses..within the Mahratta Entrenchment.

1788 Indian Vocab. 104 Pindarries, a set of plunderers who accompany a Maratta army.

1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 563/2 Rajah Sahou, who considerably extended the Marhatta dominions.

1808 R. Drummond (title) Illustrations of the grammatical parts of the Guzerattee, Mahratta, and English languages.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 107 Where in wild Mahratta-battle fell my father evil-starred.

1858 J. M. Mitchell Mem. R. Nesbit iii. 65 The Maratha chiefs soon claimed to be the lords paramount of India.

1874 Lal Behári Day Govinda Sámanta I. iv. 25 The Calcutta cockney, who glories in the Mahratta Ditch.

1886 R. Kipling Departmental Ditties (ed. 2) 7 Rajah Rustum..Roused his Secretariat to a fine Maratha fury.

1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. i. 14 What does the Mahratta government do?

1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 4 The Maratha heirs of Sivaji.

1973 Times 16 Jan. 12/2 For years..the cry of economic exploitation by the dominant Maratha caste to the south has been raised.

1992 Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka) 6 Sept. (New Delhi ed.) (Colour Mag.) 7/8 Another structure..is alleged to be a fort, to represent the glorious Maratha culture.

B. n.

1. A member of the Maratha classes of Maharashtra.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > other peoples of India > person

Jat1622

Maratha1744

Moplah1787

Mleccha1793

Gurkha1811

Swati1815

Naga1835

Manipuri1837

Malayali1856

Ho1860

Mahsud1873

Adivasi1941

1744 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 661/1 The natural colour of the inhabitants [of Malabar] is black; but the Bramins and generally the Marattes are yellowish.

1763 L. Scrafton Refl. Govt. Indostan 39 He was suddenly alarmed with an invasion of 80,000 Mharattas.

1765 J. Z. Holwell Interesting Hist. Events (1766) i. 105 These united princes and people are those which are known by the general name of Maharattors.

1778 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation II. 32 An army of 80,000 Morattoes.

1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) II. 203 The Marhattas have long boasted that they would carry on a predatory war against us.

1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. xii. ii. 605 This crime only roused the indignation of the Marattas, without weakening their power.

1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. i. 3 In the outset of the contest, native opinion had inclined to the Mahrattas.

1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 423/2 The bulk of the population [of Ahmadnagar] consists of Marhattás and Kunbís, the latter being the agriculturists.

1925 S. N. Sen Admin. Syst. Marathas (ed. 2) p. vii The Marathas..engaged in a life and death struggle.

1971 R. Russell tr. A. Ahmad Shore & Wave i. 10 The Mughal Empire fell and the Marathas overspread the land.

1986 T. Mo Insular Possession ii. 9 I have seen those same rascals..put an army of Mahrattas of ten times their number to the rout.

†2. The language of the Marathas; = Marathi n. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > south-western

Marathi1698

Maratha1806

Konkani1873

1806 W. Carey Gram. Sungskrit Lang. Pref. p. iii The Mahratta, the Tilinga..and Guzarat, have all the letters of the Devu-naguri.

1807 J. Mackintosh Jrnl. 20 Nov. in Mem. Life Sir J. Mackintosh (1835) I. ix. 475 A body of barbarians, with whom, as they speak only Mahratta, I could not hold the slightest communication.

1837 H. T. Colebrooke Misc. Ess. II. 29 The Maháráshtra, or Mahrátta, is the language of a nation which has in the present century greatly enlarged its ancient limits.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	maratha
释义	Marathaadj.n. Brit. /məˈrɑːtə/, /məˈratə/, U.S. /məˈrɑdə/ Forms: 1700s Maharattor, 1700s marata, 1700s Merhattah, 1700s Mhahrattah, 1700s Mharatta, 1700s Moratta, 1700s Morattoe, 1700s–1800s Maratta, 1700s– Mahratta, 1700s– Marhatta, 1800s Maharatta, 1800s– Maratha. Origin: A borrowing from Marathi. Etymon: Marathi Marāṭhā. Etymology: < Marathi Marāṭhā < Sanskrit Māhārāṣṭra (see Maharashtrian n. and adj.). Maratha replaced earlier Mahratta as the preferred spelling of this word during the 20th cent. N.E.D. (1905) enters this under Mahratta and gives only the pronunciation (măræ·tă) /məˈrætə/. A. adj. Of or relating to the princely and military classes of the former Hindu kingdom of Maharashtra in central India (now the modern Indian state of Maharashtra). Also: of or relating to the language of these classes. Maratha Ditch n. a ditch made in 1742 to protect Calcutta from invasion by Marathas; (also) a similar ditch made at Madras in 1780. Maratha Entrenchment n. = Maratha Ditch n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [adjective] > other peoples of India Gentoo1672 Maratha1742 Mewati1832 Toda1834 Naga1835 Sindhi1836 Yusufzai1838 Ahom1848 Dogra1849 Lushai1862 Meo1880 Rai1899 Moplah1910 1742 R. Orme in C. R. Wilson Old Fort William (1906) I. 156 A ditch..from the northern part of Sootanutty, to the Southern part of Govindpore..was called the Morattoe ditch. 1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 285 There was a man who carried a large Moratta battle-ax on his shoulder. 1782 Indian Gaz. 10 Aug. To the Proprietors and Occupiers of Houses..within the Mahratta Entrenchment. 1788 Indian Vocab. 104 Pindarries, a set of plunderers who accompany a Maratta army. 1797 Encycl. Brit. X. 563/2 Rajah Sahou, who considerably extended the Marhatta dominions. 1808 R. Drummond (title) Illustrations of the grammatical parts of the Guzerattee, Mahratta, and English languages. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Locksley Hall in Poems (new ed.) II. 107 Where in wild Mahratta-battle fell my father evil-starred. 1858 J. M. Mitchell Mem. R. Nesbit iii. 65 The Maratha chiefs soon claimed to be the lords paramount of India. 1874 Lal Behári Day Govinda Sámanta I. iv. 25 The Calcutta cockney, who glories in the Mahratta Ditch. 1886 R. Kipling Departmental Ditties (ed. 2) 7 Rajah Rustum..Roused his Secretariat to a fine Maratha fury. 1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. i. 14 What does the Mahratta government do? 1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 4 The Maratha heirs of Sivaji. 1973 Times 16 Jan. 12/2 For years..the cry of economic exploitation by the dominant Maratha caste to the south has been raised. 1992 Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka) 6 Sept. (New Delhi ed.) (Colour Mag.) 7/8 Another structure..is alleged to be a fort, to represent the glorious Maratha culture. B. n. 1. A member of the Maratha classes of Maharashtra. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > Indian > [noun] > other peoples of India > person Jat1622 Maratha1744 Moplah1787 Mleccha1793 Gurkha1811 Swati1815 Naga1835 Manipuri1837 Malayali1856 Ho1860 Mahsud1873 Adivasi1941 1744 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 661/1 The natural colour of the inhabitants [of Malabar] is black; but the Bramins and generally the Marattes are yellowish. 1763 L. Scrafton Refl. Govt. Indostan 39 He was suddenly alarmed with an invasion of 80,000 Mharattas. 1765 J. Z. Holwell Interesting Hist. Events (1766) i. 105 These united princes and people are those which are known by the general name of Maharattors. 1778 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation II. 32 An army of 80,000 Morattoes. 1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) II. 203 The Marhattas have long boasted that they would carry on a predatory war against us. 1841 M. Elphinstone Hist. India II. xii. ii. 605 This crime only roused the indignation of the Marattas, without weakening their power. 1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. i. 3 In the outset of the contest, native opinion had inclined to the Mahrattas. 1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 423/2 The bulk of the population [of Ahmadnagar] consists of Marhattás and Kunbís, the latter being the agriculturists. 1925 S. N. Sen Admin. Syst. Marathas (ed. 2) p. vii The Marathas..engaged in a life and death struggle. 1971 R. Russell tr. A. Ahmad Shore & Wave i. 10 The Mughal Empire fell and the Marathas overspread the land. 1986 T. Mo Insular Possession ii. 9 I have seen those same rascals..put an army of Mahrattas of ten times their number to the rout. †2. The language of the Marathas; = Marathi n. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > south-western Marathi1698 Maratha1806 Konkani1873 1806 W. Carey Gram. Sungskrit Lang. Pref. p. iii The Mahratta, the Tilinga..and Guzarat, have all the letters of the Devu-naguri. 1807 J. Mackintosh Jrnl. 20 Nov. in Mem. Life Sir J. Mackintosh (1835) I. ix. 475 A body of barbarians, with whom, as they speak only Mahratta, I could not hold the slightest communication. 1837 H. T. Colebrooke Misc. Ess. II. 29 The Maháráshtra, or Mahrátta, is the language of a nation which has in the present century greatly enlarged its ancient limits. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1742
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