dreadfuladj.adv.n.

/ˈdrɛdfʊl/

Forms: see dread n.; also β. Middle English drefu(l, 1800s dialect drefful.

Etymology: < dread n. + -ful suffix.

A. adj.

†1.

a. Full of dread, fear, or awe; fearful, terrified, timid; reverential. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > awe > [adjective]

dreadful?c1225

dreadlya1250

dreadya1325

fearful1597

awesome1598

awed1607

awestruck1637

awe-stricken1796

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > [adjective] > full of reverential fear

dreadful?c1225

dreadlya1250

dreadya1325

awful1597

fearful1597

awesome1598

awed1607

awestruck1637

awe-stricken1796

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 223 Schrift schalbeon..hichful. Edmod. Scheomeful. Dredful & hopeful.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 117 We byeþ þe more ymylded and þe dreduoller.

c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine i. 844 The dreedful and seekly wolde she conforte.

1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii. 71 a/2 Ouer dredefull and scrupulous in stede of deuoute and dylygent.

1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida iii. iii. sig. P2^v The Turks..of whom the City Ladies take A dreadfull view.

β. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2590 Ghe was for him dreful and bleð.1483 Cath. Angl. 107/2 Drefulle, attonitus.

†b. Const. of or infinitive. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. xxvii. 62 b The people, dreadful to bylde their mansions, For feare of death.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc2 Dreadfull of daunger, that mote him betyde.

1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 370 Reuerently awfull, or desperately dreadfull of his Maiestie, and Power.

a. Inspiring dread or reverence; awe-inspiring; terrible, formidable; awful; to be dreaded.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective]

affrightOE

ofgrisea1200

adreadc1225

ofgasta1300

aghastc1300

dreadc1300

dreadfula1325

dreadya1325

forfrighteda1325

frightfula1325

gasta1382

dareda1400

aghasteda1425

mazed1493

awfula1522

agazed1557

flaited1565

terrifiedc1586

gastereda1644

scarified1895

the mind > emotion > fear > awe > [adjective] > religious

dreadfula1325

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adjective]

eislichc888

eyesfulOE

awfulc1175

smarta1200

ferlya1225

sternc1275

grisea1300

uglya1300

dreadfula1325

fell?c1335

stout1338

perilousc1380

terriblec1400

ghastfulc1449

timorous1455

epouventable1477

bedreadc1485

dreadablec1490

dreadc1540

buggisha1555

dreaded1556

monster-like1561

dire1567

scareful1567

terrifying1577

scary1582

direful1583

affrighting1592

dismal1594

affrightful1603

diral1606

tirable1607

frighting1619

scaring1641

affrighteninga1651

formidolous1656

terrific1667

terrifical1677

atrocious1733

terrorful1789

orful1845

lurid1850

terrorsome1890

turble1893

timorsome1894

like the wrath of God1936

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > quality of inspiring reverence > [adjective] > worthy of or inspiring reverential fear

dreadfula1325

awfula1400

tremblable1560

awing1589

awous?1675

awe-inspiring1726

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3521 Ðat dredful beames blast.

a1325 Prose Psalter xlvi[i]. 2 Our Lord ys heiȝe, dredful, and michel kyng.

1447 Will of Hen. VI in T. J. Carter King's Coll. Chapel (1867) 13 The blessed and dredeful visage of our Lord Jesu in his most fereful and last dome.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 129 Harsh resounding trumpets dreadfull bray.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 121 My voice thou oft hast heard, and hast not fear'd..how is it now become So dreadful to thee?

1758 C. Wesley & J. Wesley Hymns of Intercession 32 Rob'd in dreadful majesty.

1833 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. I. i. 8 The insurrection of slaves is the most dreadful of all commotions.

β. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xiv. xxxvi. (Tollem. MS.) This mounte was dreful [1535 dredful] to all men.

†b. Dangerous, perilous. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adjective]

plightlyOE

wothea1300

perilousc1300

wickeda1375

plightfula1400

dreadfulc1400

parlous?a1425

shrewd1482

danger1488

dangerous1490

periculous1533

dangerful1548

dangersome1567

craggy1582

perilsome1593

endangering1601

unsafe1621

imperilous1645

ugly1654

warm1726

neck-break1756

wanchancy1768

uncanny1785

unchancy1786

nasty1828

unhealthy1915

windy1919

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 26 Whos [the arteries'] dyuysiouns..ben nouȝt dredful to surgiens craft.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 129 I holde þis wey lasse dredeful þan ony oþere.

3. In weakened sense, applied to objects exciting fear or aversion. In modern colloquial use often a strong intensive = Exceedingly bad, great, long, etc. Cf. awful adj., horrid adj. and adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme > specifically of something bad or reprobated

woefula1400

mortalc1425

preciousc1475

fine1559

trim1569

gay1581

unconscionable1590

pocky1601

abominable1612

fearful1634

handsome1638

plaguey1694

dreadful1700

awfy1724

murrain1728

diabolical1750

deuced1782

dire1836

sinful1863

sodding1881

blooming1882

flaming1895

ruddy1896

abysmal1904

awful1916

hellishing1927

right1958

steaming1962

schwag1993

1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 213 The Maid..gave a dreadful Shriek.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 Sept. (1965) I. 434 I intend to set out to morrow to pass those dreadfull Alps, so much talk'd of.

1775 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury I. 302 I have long wished to be in company with this said Johnson; his conversation is the same as his writing, but a dreadful voice and manner.

1864 Princess Alice in Mem. 72 The parting from Anna three days ago was dreadful.

1897 N.E.D. at Dreadful Mod. It was a dreadful business. We waited a dreadful time.

B. adv.

= dreadfully adv. 2, 3. (Now nonstandard.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adverb]

dreadlyc1175

eislichec1175

grimlyc1175

ungainlya1200

awly?c1225

grurefulliche?c1225

fiendlyc1275

dreadfullya1400

felly?c1400

awfully1487

terrible1490

terriblya1500

fearingly1556

direly1610

dismally1653

dreadful1682

formidably1685

terrifyingly1767

direfully1775

terrifically1778

terrificly1791

appallingly1825

turble1893

the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > excessively

cruellyc1385

overa1400

fullc1400

parlouslyc1425

mortalc1440

perilousc1440

spitefulc1450

devilish1560

pestilently1567

spitefully1567

cruel1573

parlous1575

deadly1589

intolerable?1593

fellc1600

perditlya1632

excessively1634

devilishly1635

desperate1636

woundya1639

woundlya1644

desperately1653

wicked1663

killing1672

woundily1706

wounded1753

mortally1759

dreadful1762

intolerably1768

perishing1776

tremendously1776

terrifically1777

diabolically1792

woundedly1794

thundering1809

all-firedly1833

preponderously1835

painfully1839

deadlilya1843

severely1854

furiously1856

diabolish1858

fiendish1861

demonish1867

sinfully1869

fiendishly1879

thunderingly1885

only too1889

nightmarishly1891

God almighty1906

Christ almighty1945

1682 T. Creech tr. Lucretius De natura rerum ii. 52 Here some..Look dreadful gay in their own sparkling blood.

1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 234 We had..a dreadful violent Storm.

1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day ii. 42 Oh formidable Glory! Dreadful Bright!

1762 J. Hall-Stevenson Crazy Tales 86 A batchellor, and old, and dredeful sly.

1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood i. 2 The market price is dreffle high just now.

C. n.

A story of crime written in a sensational or morbidly exciting style; a journal or print of such character; a ‘shocker’. colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [noun] > sensational novel or thriller

sensation novel1856

penny dreadful1861

dime novel1864

curdler1872

dreadful1874

blood and thunder1876

penny awful1880

shilling dreadful1885

thrill1886

thriller1889

blood1892

terror novel1896

penny horrible1899

spine-thriller1912

roman noir1926

spine-chiller1940

scorcher1942

spine-tingler1942

spine-freezer1960

1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 250 Penny dreadfuls,..those penny publications which depend more upon sensationalism than upon merit, artistic or literary, for success.

1884 World 20 Aug. 9/2 The wicked noblemen of the transpontine melodrama or of penny dreadfuls.

1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1046/1 [He] has given himself up to the writing of three-volume dreadfuls.

1886 F. Harrison Choice Bks. 67 Destined to perish in shilling dreadfuls.

1888 C. M. Yonge Our New Mistress iv. 38 One of those cheap tales—‘dreadfuls’, I believe they call them—that one got at the station.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	dreadful
释义	dreadfuladj.adv.n. /ˈdrɛdfʊl/ Forms: see dread n.; also β. Middle English drefu(l, 1800s dialect drefful. Etymology: < dread n. + -ful suffix. A. adj. †1. a. Full of dread, fear, or awe; fearful, terrified, timid; reverential. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > awe > [adjective] dreadful?c1225 dreadlya1250 dreadya1325 fearful1597 awesome1598 awed1607 awestruck1637 awe-stricken1796 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > [adjective] > full of reverential fear dreadful?c1225 dreadlya1250 dreadya1325 awful1597 fearful1597 awesome1598 awed1607 awestruck1637 awe-stricken1796 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 223 Schrift schalbeon..hichful. Edmod. Scheomeful. Dredful & hopeful. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 117 We byeþ þe more ymylded and þe dreduoller. c1440 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine i. 844 The dreedful and seekly wolde she conforte. 1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iii. 71 a/2 Ouer dredefull and scrupulous in stede of deuoute and dylygent. 1659 W. Chamberlayne Pharonnida iii. iii. sig. P2^v The Turks..of whom the City Ladies take A dreadfull view. β. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2590 Ghe was for him dreful and bleð.1483 Cath. Angl. 107/2 Drefulle, attonitus. †b. Const. of or infinitive. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) ii. xxvii. 62 b The people, dreadful to bylde their mansions, For feare of death. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. i. sig. Cc2 Dreadfull of daunger, that mote him betyde. 1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 370 Reuerently awfull, or desperately dreadfull of his Maiestie, and Power. 2. a. Inspiring dread or reverence; awe-inspiring; terrible, formidable; awful; to be dreaded. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of terror or horror > [adjective] affrightOE ofgrisea1200 adreadc1225 ofgasta1300 aghastc1300 dreadc1300 dreadfula1325 dreadya1325 forfrighteda1325 frightfula1325 gasta1382 dareda1400 aghasteda1425 mazed1493 awfula1522 agazed1557 flaited1565 terrifiedc1586 gastereda1644 scarified1895 the mind > emotion > fear > awe > [adjective] > religious dreadfula1325 the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adjective] eislichc888 eyesfulOE awfulc1175 smarta1200 ferlya1225 sternc1275 grisea1300 uglya1300 dreadfula1325 fell?c1335 stout1338 perilousc1380 terriblec1400 ghastfulc1449 timorous1455 epouventable1477 bedreadc1485 dreadablec1490 dreadc1540 buggisha1555 dreaded1556 monster-like1561 dire1567 scareful1567 terrifying1577 scary1582 direful1583 affrighting1592 dismal1594 affrightful1603 diral1606 tirable1607 frighting1619 scaring1641 affrighteninga1651 formidolous1656 terrific1667 terrifical1677 atrocious1733 terrorful1789 orful1845 lurid1850 terrorsome1890 turble1893 timorsome1894 like the wrath of God1936 the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > quality of inspiring reverence > [adjective] > worthy of or inspiring reverential fear dreadfula1325 awfula1400 tremblable1560 awing1589 awous?1675 awe-inspiring1726 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3521 Ðat dredful beames blast. a1325 Prose Psalter xlvi[i]. 2 Our Lord ys heiȝe, dredful, and michel kyng. 1447 Will of Hen. VI in T. J. Carter King's Coll. Chapel (1867) 13 The blessed and dredeful visage of our Lord Jesu in his most fereful and last dome. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 129 Harsh resounding trumpets dreadfull bray. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost x. 121 My voice thou oft hast heard, and hast not fear'd..how is it now become So dreadful to thee? View more context for this quotation 1758 C. Wesley & J. Wesley Hymns of Intercession 32 Rob'd in dreadful majesty. 1833 A. Alison Hist. Europe during French Revol. I. i. 8 The insurrection of slaves is the most dreadful of all commotions. β. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xiv. xxxvi. (Tollem. MS.) This mounte was dreful [1535 dredful] to all men. †b. Dangerous, perilous. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [adjective] plightlyOE wothea1300 perilousc1300 wickeda1375 plightfula1400 dreadfulc1400 parlous?a1425 shrewd1482 danger1488 dangerous1490 periculous1533 dangerful1548 dangersome1567 craggy1582 perilsome1593 endangering1601 unsafe1621 imperilous1645 ugly1654 warm1726 neck-break1756 wanchancy1768 uncanny1785 unchancy1786 nasty1828 unhealthy1915 windy1919 c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 26 Whos [the arteries'] dyuysiouns..ben nouȝt dredful to surgiens craft. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 129 I holde þis wey lasse dredeful þan ony oþere. 3. In weakened sense, applied to objects exciting fear or aversion. In modern colloquial use often a strong intensive = Exceedingly bad, great, long, etc. Cf. awful adj., horrid adj. and adv. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adjective] > very great or extreme > specifically of something bad or reprobated woefula1400 mortalc1425 preciousc1475 fine1559 trim1569 gay1581 unconscionable1590 pocky1601 abominable1612 fearful1634 handsome1638 plaguey1694 dreadful1700 awfy1724 murrain1728 diabolical1750 deuced1782 dire1836 sinful1863 sodding1881 blooming1882 flaming1895 ruddy1896 abysmal1904 awful1916 hellishing1927 right1958 steaming1962 schwag1993 1700 S. L. tr. C. Frick Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 213 The Maid..gave a dreadful Shriek. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 12 Sept. (1965) I. 434 I intend to set out to morrow to pass those dreadfull Alps, so much talk'd of. 1775 Mrs. Harris in Priv. Lett. Ld. Malmesbury I. 302 I have long wished to be in company with this said Johnson; his conversation is the same as his writing, but a dreadful voice and manner. 1864 Princess Alice in Mem. 72 The parting from Anna three days ago was dreadful. 1897 N.E.D. at Dreadful Mod. It was a dreadful business. We waited a dreadful time. B. adv. = dreadfully adv. 2, 3. (Now nonstandard.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adverb] dreadlyc1175 eislichec1175 grimlyc1175 ungainlya1200 awly?c1225 grurefulliche?c1225 fiendlyc1275 dreadfullya1400 felly?c1400 awfully1487 terrible1490 terriblya1500 fearingly1556 direly1610 dismally1653 dreadful1682 formidably1685 terrifyingly1767 direfully1775 terrifically1778 terrificly1791 appallingly1825 turble1893 the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > excessively cruellyc1385 overa1400 fullc1400 parlouslyc1425 mortalc1440 perilousc1440 spitefulc1450 devilish1560 pestilently1567 spitefully1567 cruel1573 parlous1575 deadly1589 intolerable?1593 fellc1600 perditlya1632 excessively1634 devilishly1635 desperate1636 woundya1639 woundlya1644 desperately1653 wicked1663 killing1672 woundily1706 wounded1753 mortally1759 dreadful1762 intolerably1768 perishing1776 tremendously1776 terrifically1777 diabolically1792 woundedly1794 thundering1809 all-firedly1833 preponderously1835 painfully1839 deadlilya1843 severely1854 furiously1856 diabolish1858 fiendish1861 demonish1867 sinfully1869 fiendishly1879 thunderingly1885 only too1889 nightmarishly1891 God almighty1906 Christ almighty1945 1682 T. Creech tr. Lucretius De natura rerum ii. 52 Here some..Look dreadful gay in their own sparkling blood. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 234 We had..a dreadful violent Storm. 1713 E. Young Poem on Last Day ii. 42 Oh formidable Glory! Dreadful Bright! 1762 J. Hall-Stevenson Crazy Tales 86 A batchellor, and old, and dredeful sly. 1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood i. 2 The market price is dreffle high just now. C. n. A story of crime written in a sensational or morbidly exciting style; a journal or print of such character; a ‘shocker’. colloquial. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [noun] > sensational novel or thriller sensation novel1856 penny dreadful1861 dime novel1864 curdler1872 dreadful1874 blood and thunder1876 penny awful1880 shilling dreadful1885 thrill1886 thriller1889 blood1892 terror novel1896 penny horrible1899 spine-thriller1912 roman noir1926 spine-chiller1940 scorcher1942 spine-tingler1942 spine-freezer1960 1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 250 Penny dreadfuls,..those penny publications which depend more upon sensationalism than upon merit, artistic or literary, for success. 1884 World 20 Aug. 9/2 The wicked noblemen of the transpontine melodrama or of penny dreadfuls. 1885 Spectator 8 Aug. 1046/1 [He] has given himself up to the writing of three-volume dreadfuls. 1886 F. Harrison Choice Bks. 67 Destined to perish in shilling dreadfuls. 1888 C. M. Yonge Our New Mistress iv. 38 One of those cheap tales—‘dreadfuls’, I believe they call them—that one got at the station. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.adv.n.?c1225
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