downthrown.

Brit.

/ˈdaʊnθrəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊnˌθroʊ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, throw n.²

Etymology: < down- prefix + throw n.², in sense 1 after downthrow v. Compare earlier downcast n.¹

1. The action or an act of being thrown down or usurped; overthrow, defeat. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > [noun] > of body, meeting, etc.

dissolution1535

downthrow1615

obnunciation1623

dissolving1849

demotion1872

1615 Catascopos sig. A5 Wars, the Canker of Estate, Hels image and al commonweales downthrow.

1697 W. Jameson Nazianzeni Querela i. x. 105 Some of Alexander's Macedonian Souldiers, vex'd with his tyranny and insolence, and his preferring of Strangers, attempted his down-throw.

1860 Ld. Lytton Lucile iv. xx. 103 When the breath of creation first fashion'd fair France, Did the Spirit of Ill, in his downthrow appalling, Bruise the world, and thus hollow thy basin while falling?

1891 Times 21 Oct. 5/3 What is more melancholy than the shipwreck of a superior intelligence unable to take his downthrow philosophically, but perpetually whining?

1919 E. Pound Quia Pauper Amavi ii. 26 Thence to fighting, and to down-throw of Moors.

1972 Arizona Daily Sun 20 May b4/4 Militant students..calling for the destruction of Christianity and the downthrow of foreign imperialism.

2. Geology. The side of a fault that has moved downwards or appears lowered relative to the other side; (also) the amount of downward vertical displacement exhibited by such a fault. Contrasted with upthrow n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fault > upthrust or downcast

upcast1793

throw1796

upthrow1807

downcast1810

upcast dyke1810

downthrow1820

upthrust1942

1820 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) XIV. 321/1 In the same manner, dikes and slips, which run from the dip to the rise direction, are denominated upthrows or downthrows, to the east, to the west, to the south, or to the north.

1858 A. C. Ramsay Geol. Struct. Merionethshire & Caernarvonshire 5 Down the Bala valley..there runs a great fault. It is a downthrow to the north-west.

1889 J. Croll Stellar Evol. 54 About a mile E.S.E. of Beddgelert, there is a fault with a downthrow of 5000 feet.

1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. ii. 29 The effect of dip faults is to shift the outcrops up the dip on the downthrow side of the fault.

1991 Land Subsidence (Proc. 4th Internat. Symp. Land Subsidence) iii. 144 The South Wales Coalfield..is divided by a major fault system, the Neath Disturbance, which crosses from NE to SW with a downthrow of over 650m to the west.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

downthrowv.

Brit.

/ˌdaʊnˈθrəʊ/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊnˌθroʊ/

Forms: see down adv. and throw v.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, throw v.¹

Etymology: < down- prefix + throw v.¹ Compare to throw down at throw v.¹ Phrasal verbs. With sense 2 compare downthrow n. 2.Instances of this verb dating from before the development of modern conventions of word division are difficult to distinguish from those of to throw down at throw v.¹ Phrasal verbs. Compare the following examples from early modern texts, which probably show the phrasal verb with word order dictated by the demands of rhyme and metre:1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xviii. lxxi. 329 Meane-while below With iron fronts the rammes the walles downe throw.a1729 E. Taylor Metrical Hist. Christianity (1962) 271 The Earth..Great Constantine's Attili Gate down threw.1751 M. Mendez Seasons Summer 10 Wanton Colin, full of am'rous Play, Down throweth Susan, who doth shriek for Dread.

1. transitive. To throw or drop (something) in a downward direction, to knock (a person) to the ground. Also figurative: to bring down (a person) from a position of high standing, to overthrow (a ruler, an institution, etc.). Now rare (chiefly poetic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > be defeated in [verb (transitive)] > defeat or overthrow (a person or thing)

prostrate1531

downthrow1563

annihilate1757

slosh1921

1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) f. C.xxviii^v Downthrow we strayt his sellie nephewes twaye, from princes pompe, to woful prisoners lyfe.

1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. f. 43^v Inducing subiectis to oppres and dounthrau thair maisters.

1612 H. Ainsworth Bk. Psalmes Englished with Annot. lxxviii. 204/2 When Gods ire Came up against them, & their fatt-men slew: and choyse-yong-men of Israel, down-threw.

a1861 D. Grey Poet. Wks. (1874) 39 At the breathless nerve-dissolving noon, When hot the undiminished sun downthrows Direct his beams, they from the field retire.

1893 G. Musgrave tr. Dante Divine Comedy: Hell xxx. 195 One of them..Its tusklike fangs deep-plunging in his nape, Downthrew him.

1974 Lebanon (Pa.) Daily News 28 May 17/2 She..could not have believed, one June day ago, love would now downthrow her sweet studied mask of quietness by which he was deceived.

2. intransitive. Geology. Of a fault: to exhibit a downthrow in a particular location, direction, etc. (see downthrow n. 2). Also transitive: to displace (strata, rock, etc.) downwards at a fault.

ΚΠ

1849 J. E. Portlock Rudimentary Treat. Geol. iii. 51 The bed a has been first up-thrown along the line or fault d f to a¹, and subsequently down-thrown along the fault f h to a².

1924 W. B. Wright Geol. Ballycastle Coalfield iii. 21 The Ballycastle Coalfield is divided in two by an east and west fault known as the Great Gaw, downthrowing to the north.

1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xv. 220 One view of the African Rift is that it was formed by tension, the bounding faults being normal faults hading and downthrowing towards the valley.

1975 Nature 25 Sept. 300/2 During the Cretaceous,..the South African continent was subjected to strong vertical movements, resulting in peripheral faults downthrowing 18,000 m towards the contiguous ocean basins.

1991 R. P. Randel & R. W. Johnson Geol. of Suswa Area (Nairobi, Mines & Geol. Dept.) vii. 33 Faulting then occurred, downthrowing the Kirikiti Basalts.

2015 A. Racey & M. F. Ridd Petroleum Geol. Myanmar iv. 36/2 NE–SW-trending normal cross-faults with throws of several hundred feet are common, mostly downthrowing to the north.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	downthrow
释义	downthrown. Brit. /ˈdaʊnθrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌθroʊ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, throw n.² Etymology: < down- prefix + throw n.², in sense 1 after downthrow v. Compare earlier downcast n.¹ 1. The action or an act of being thrown down or usurped; overthrow, defeat. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > memory > effacement, obliteration > cancellation, revocation > [noun] > of body, meeting, etc. dissolution1535 downthrow1615 obnunciation1623 dissolving1849 demotion1872 1615 Catascopos sig. A5 Wars, the Canker of Estate, Hels image and al commonweales downthrow. 1697 W. Jameson Nazianzeni Querela i. x. 105 Some of Alexander's Macedonian Souldiers, vex'd with his tyranny and insolence, and his preferring of Strangers, attempted his down-throw. 1860 Ld. Lytton Lucile iv. xx. 103 When the breath of creation first fashion'd fair France, Did the Spirit of Ill, in his downthrow appalling, Bruise the world, and thus hollow thy basin while falling? 1891 Times 21 Oct. 5/3 What is more melancholy than the shipwreck of a superior intelligence unable to take his downthrow philosophically, but perpetually whining? 1919 E. Pound Quia Pauper Amavi ii. 26 Thence to fighting, and to down-throw of Moors. 1972 Arizona Daily Sun 20 May b4/4 Militant students..calling for the destruction of Christianity and the downthrow of foreign imperialism. 2. Geology. The side of a fault that has moved downwards or appears lowered relative to the other side; (also) the amount of downward vertical displacement exhibited by such a fault. Contrasted with upthrow n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fault > upthrust or downcast upcast1793 throw1796 upthrow1807 downcast1810 upcast dyke1810 downthrow1820 upthrust1942 1820 Edinb. Encycl. (1830) XIV. 321/1 In the same manner, dikes and slips, which run from the dip to the rise direction, are denominated upthrows or downthrows, to the east, to the west, to the south, or to the north. 1858 A. C. Ramsay Geol. Struct. Merionethshire & Caernarvonshire 5 Down the Bala valley..there runs a great fault. It is a downthrow to the north-west. 1889 J. Croll Stellar Evol. 54 About a mile E.S.E. of Beddgelert, there is a fault with a downthrow of 5000 feet. 1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. ii. 29 The effect of dip faults is to shift the outcrops up the dip on the downthrow side of the fault. 1991 Land Subsidence (Proc. 4th Internat. Symp. Land Subsidence) iii. 144 The South Wales Coalfield..is divided by a major fault system, the Neath Disturbance, which crosses from NE to SW with a downthrow of over 650m to the west. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). downthrowv. Brit. /ˌdaʊnˈθrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌθroʊ/ Forms: see down adv. and throw v.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, throw v.¹ Etymology: < down- prefix + throw v.¹ Compare to throw down at throw v.¹ Phrasal verbs. With sense 2 compare downthrow n. 2.Instances of this verb dating from before the development of modern conventions of word division are difficult to distinguish from those of to throw down at throw v.¹ Phrasal verbs. Compare the following examples from early modern texts, which probably show the phrasal verb with word order dictated by the demands of rhyme and metre:1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xviii. lxxi. 329 Meane-while below With iron fronts the rammes the walles downe throw.a1729 E. Taylor Metrical Hist. Christianity (1962) 271 The Earth..Great Constantine's Attili Gate down threw.1751 M. Mendez Seasons Summer 10 Wanton Colin, full of am'rous Play, Down throweth Susan, who doth shriek for Dread. 1. transitive. To throw or drop (something) in a downward direction, to knock (a person) to the ground. Also figurative: to bring down (a person) from a position of high standing, to overthrow (a ruler, an institution, etc.). Now rare (chiefly poetic in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > be defeated in [verb (transitive)] > defeat or overthrow (a person or thing) prostrate1531 downthrow1563 annihilate1757 slosh1921 1563 W. Baldwin et al. Myrrour for Magistrates (new ed.) f. C.xxviii^v Downthrow we strayt his sellie nephewes twaye, from princes pompe, to woful prisoners lyfe. 1581 N. Burne Disput. Headdis of Relig. f. 43^v Inducing subiectis to oppres and dounthrau thair maisters. 1612 H. Ainsworth Bk. Psalmes Englished with Annot. lxxviii. 204/2 When Gods ire Came up against them, & their fatt-men slew: and choyse-yong-men of Israel, down-threw. a1861 D. Grey Poet. Wks. (1874) 39 At the breathless nerve-dissolving noon, When hot the undiminished sun downthrows Direct his beams, they from the field retire. 1893 G. Musgrave tr. Dante Divine Comedy: Hell xxx. 195 One of them..Its tusklike fangs deep-plunging in his nape, Downthrew him. 1974 Lebanon (Pa.) Daily News 28 May 17/2 She..could not have believed, one June day ago, love would now downthrow her sweet studied mask of quietness by which he was deceived. 2. intransitive. Geology. Of a fault: to exhibit a downthrow in a particular location, direction, etc. (see downthrow n. 2). Also transitive: to displace (strata, rock, etc.) downwards at a fault. ΚΠ 1849 J. E. Portlock Rudimentary Treat. Geol. iii. 51 The bed a has been first up-thrown along the line or fault d f to a¹, and subsequently down-thrown along the fault f h to a². 1924 W. B. Wright Geol. Ballycastle Coalfield iii. 21 The Ballycastle Coalfield is divided in two by an east and west fault known as the Great Gaw, downthrowing to the north. 1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xv. 220 One view of the African Rift is that it was formed by tension, the bounding faults being normal faults hading and downthrowing towards the valley. 1975 Nature 25 Sept. 300/2 During the Cretaceous,..the South African continent was subjected to strong vertical movements, resulting in peripheral faults downthrowing 18,000 m towards the contiguous ocean basins. 1991 R. P. Randel & R. W. Johnson Geol. of Suswa Area (Nairobi, Mines & Geol. Dept.) vii. 33 Faulting then occurred, downthrowing the Kirikiti Basalts. 2015 A. Racey & M. F. Ridd Petroleum Geol. Myanmar iv. 36/2 NE–SW-trending normal cross-faults with throws of several hundred feet are common, mostly downthrowing to the north. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1615v.1563
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