donjonn.

Brit.

/ˈdɒn(d)ʒɒn/,

/ˈdɒn(d)ʒ(ə)n/,

/ˈdɒ̃ʒɒ̃/, U.S.

/ˈdɑn(d)ʒ(ə)n/,

/ˈdɑnˌ(d)ʒɑn/

Forms: Middle English donione, Middle English donioun, Middle English doniown, Middle English donjoun, Middle English donjoune, Middle English donyon, Middle English dunjon, Middle English dunyon, Middle English–1500s donion, Middle English– donjon, 1700s– donjeon (rare); Scottish pre-1700 donieone.

Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: dungeon n.

Etymology: Originally a variant of dungeon n. (compare the French forms cited at that entry), now (except in archaic use) usually distinguished in form in sense 1.In sense 4 reborrowed < French donjon (1676 in this sense: compare etymology at dungeon n.).

1. A large fortified tower, esp. the great tower or keep of a castle, typically located in the innermost court or bailey, and used as a secure place of refuge, retreat, or imprisonment. In early use sometimes more generally: a castle or fortress; a stronghold. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > keep

donjonc1330

dungeonc1330

keepa1586

reduit1604

main guard1645

redoubt1648

donjon keep1808

donjon tower1808

keep-tower1865

c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 1841 (MED) Þer biside on o donioun [a1550 Balliol Coll. vpon a towr] He kest a man of cler latoun.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9926 Þis castell..es painted..O thre colurs... Þe thrid ouermast of all.., It castes lem ouer al sa bright, þat reches to þe dunjon light, Als ros [etc.].

?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 2965 Steuen..did reise in þat coste a stalworth donion [Fr. chastel].

c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 25 Fair Seris..ye be our strenght and oure dunyon.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 62 Soone was the Fortres made..with..two strong wardes, with double walles..or oon coude have comme to the stronge donjon of it.

1590 Recitall that hath happened Kings Armie 21 Strong towers and verie good wals, with a donion seperated.

1695 Thes. Geographicus 252 The Palace of the ancient Dukes of Milan, built of Brick,..serves as the Donjon.

1788 Public Advertiser 19 Apr. [The forces at Belgrade] have a donjon or redoubt, serving not only as a place of observation, but, in case of dire necessity, as a retreat for the garrison.

1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. x. 68 Nor tower nor donjon could he spy.

1860 Times 22 Aug. 8/5 When artillery was first brought into use men no longer relied upon lofty walls and massive donjons.

1894 S. Baring-Gould Deserts S. France II. xvi. 38 A cylindrical donjon, with ancient buildings grouped about it.

1912 E. S. Armitage Early Norman Castles Brit. Isles xii. 358 Besides the donjon there was little else but a rampart and ditch.

1977 M. N. Rosenfeld in S. Kostof Architect 165 (in figure) The older fortified castle..had consisted of a donjon surrounded by curtain walls.

2010 P. Purton Hist. Late Medieval Siege v. 259 The main interest of the castle lies in its immense four-storey donjon.

2. A (small) secure cell or underground chamber for the confinement of prisoners, esp. in the keep of a castle; a dungeon. Also figurative and in extended use (cf. dungeon n. 3b, 4). Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > dungeon

dungOE

pitc1300

lakea1382

dungeonc1390

donjona1400

little-easea1529

thieves' hole1578

dungeon cell?1674

oubliette1777

a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Pilgrim of St. James (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Dongoun His sawel es broht til a donjoun, Thar it wit outen end sal lend.

?a1425 Pistel of Swete Susan (Huntington) l. 177 Þei ded her in a donione..Metles tul on þe morow mydday and mare.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxix. 248 (MED) Helle, that lowe doniown.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxvi. 245 In donyon depe he shal be pynde.

1850 C. G. Hamilton Norman Leslie xviii. 160 She was led to the low, damp donjon. She heard the rusty bolts creak in their staples.

1919 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 11 Nov. 7/4 He could stand for a fortnight in a dark, dank, damp, deep donjon.

2004 C. Wooding Skein of Lament xxiv. 237 There may be many more imprisoned in the donjons of the keep.

†3. A small, simply constructed dwelling; = dungeon n. 6. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun]

hulka1000

boothc1200

hull?c1225

lodge1290

hottea1325

holetc1380

tavern1382

scalea1400

schura1400

tugury1412

donjon?a1439

cabinc1440

coshc1490

cabinet1579

bully1598

crib1600

shed1600

hut1637

hovela1640

boorachc1660

barrack1686

bothy1750

corf1770

rancho1819

shanty1820

kraal1832

shelty1834

shackle1835

mia-mia1837

wickiup1838

caboose1839

chantier1849

hangar1852

caban1866

shebang1867

humpy1873

shack1878

hale1885

bach1927

jhuggi1927

favela1961

hokkie1973

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 6205 His abidyng and conuersacioun Was in placis that were solitarie; Mong trees & wellis he bilt hym a donioun.

†4. Architecture. A small ornamental structure built at the top of a house to afford extensive views; a rooftop belvedere or turret. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Donjon (Archit.), a small wooden pavilion raised above the roof of the house, where anyone may command a fine view.

1835 W. Lewis tr. Jrnl. des Mairies in tr. F. J. Gall Organology IV. vii. 154 [When his house was surrounded and stormed] He instantly disappeared, and a moment after was perceived intrenched in a donjon [Fr. donjon], on top of a little square tower, and pierced on each side with loopholes.

Compounds

C1. General attributive with the sense ‘of, belonging to, or containing a donjon (sense 1)’, as donjon court, donjon stair, donjon window, etc.

ΚΠ

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xi. 32 The steps of stone, By which you reach the Donjon gate.

1849 E. Bulwer-Lytton King Arthur vii. lxii And wall-less towns secure, Rise from the donjon sites of antique days.

1881 T. Mead Lady of Rose 210 To hurry down, the space was short, From donjon roof to donjon court.

1911 Everybody's Mag. Jan. 113/1 Yonder was the donjon window that he had planned to plunder on that fatal night so long ago.

1979 W. Watson Beltran in Exile xxiii. 173 The king was taking his departure, jolting down the donjon stairs four at a time.

2016 E. Popescu in J. A. Davies et al. Castles & Anglo-Norman World i. 27/2 By the end of the 17th century serious cracking of the donjon walls was apparent.

C2.

donjon cell n. a small, typically subterranean prison cell; a dungeon; a cell in the main tower or keep of a castle.

ΚΠ

1815 London Rev. May 442/1 Better he love's [sic] the Warden's wine Than the Warden's Donjon-cell.

1916 Yale Sheffield Monthly Jan. 252 [Great Cardiff Castle keep,] Thy donjon cells were choked with starving souls Who slaked their thirst in thy moat's slimy gall.

2007 B. Gifford Harlot's Daughter vii. 77 The tolling bell clanged like the door of a donjon cell.

donjon keep n. originally poetic (now rare) the great tower or keep of a castle; = sense 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > keep

donjonc1330

dungeonc1330

keepa1586

reduit1604

main guard1645

redoubt1648

donjon keep1808

donjon tower1808

keep-tower1865

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. i. 23 Day set on Norham's castled steep, And Tweed's fair river, broad and deep..: The battled towers, the Donjon Keep..In yellow lustre shone.

1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon (1968) 297 No donjon keep. No moat. The castle fell down a good many years ago.

1983 Sci. Amer. May 132/3 The..great stone donjon keeps of the Loire and Normandy.

donjon tower n. originally poetic the great tower or keep of a castle; = sense 1.

ΚΠ

1808 W. Scott Marmion i. ii. 24 St George's banner..was flung; The evening gale had scarce the power To wave it on the Donjon tower.

1929 Jrnl. County Louth Archaeol. Soc. 7 105 The origin of the donjon tower of the Norman castle..is traced as a development from the wooden tower..of the..motte and bailey.

2006 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 10 June 6 Sir Andrew.., to prevent the English from using such a strategic location again, destroyed most of the donjon tower.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	donjon
释义	donjonn. Brit. /ˈdɒn(d)ʒɒn/, /ˈdɒn(d)ʒ(ə)n/, /ˈdɒ̃ʒɒ̃/, U.S. /ˈdɑn(d)ʒ(ə)n/, /ˈdɑnˌ(d)ʒɑn/ Forms: Middle English donione, Middle English donioun, Middle English doniown, Middle English donjoun, Middle English donjoune, Middle English donyon, Middle English dunjon, Middle English dunyon, Middle English–1500s donion, Middle English– donjon, 1700s– donjeon (rare); Scottish pre-1700 donieone. Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: dungeon n. Etymology: Originally a variant of dungeon n. (compare the French forms cited at that entry), now (except in archaic use) usually distinguished in form in sense 1.In sense 4 reborrowed < French donjon (1676 in this sense: compare etymology at dungeon n.). 1. A large fortified tower, esp. the great tower or keep of a castle, typically located in the innermost court or bailey, and used as a secure place of refuge, retreat, or imprisonment. In early use sometimes more generally: a castle or fortress; a stronghold. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > keep donjonc1330 dungeonc1330 keepa1586 reduit1604 main guard1645 redoubt1648 donjon keep1808 donjon tower1808 keep-tower1865 c1330 Seven Sages (Auch.) (1933) l. 1841 (MED) Þer biside on o donioun [a1550 Balliol Coll. vpon a towr] He kest a man of cler latoun. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9926 Þis castell..es painted..O thre colurs... Þe thrid ouermast of all.., It castes lem ouer al sa bright, þat reches to þe dunjon light, Als ros [etc.]. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 2965 Steuen..did reise in þat coste a stalworth donion [Fr. chastel]. c1450 King Ponthus (Digby) in Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. (1897) 12 25 Fair Seris..ye be our strenght and oure dunyon. c1500 Melusine (1895) 62 Soone was the Fortres made..with..two strong wardes, with double walles..or oon coude have comme to the stronge donjon of it. 1590 Recitall that hath happened Kings Armie 21 Strong towers and verie good wals, with a donion seperated. 1695 Thes. Geographicus 252 The Palace of the ancient Dukes of Milan, built of Brick,..serves as the Donjon. 1788 Public Advertiser 19 Apr. [The forces at Belgrade] have a donjon or redoubt, serving not only as a place of observation, but, in case of dire necessity, as a retreat for the garrison. 1813 W. Scott Bridal of Triermain ii. x. 68 Nor tower nor donjon could he spy. 1860 Times 22 Aug. 8/5 When artillery was first brought into use men no longer relied upon lofty walls and massive donjons. 1894 S. Baring-Gould Deserts S. France II. xvi. 38 A cylindrical donjon, with ancient buildings grouped about it. 1912 E. S. Armitage Early Norman Castles Brit. Isles xii. 358 Besides the donjon there was little else but a rampart and ditch. 1977 M. N. Rosenfeld in S. Kostof Architect 165 (in figure) The older fortified castle..had consisted of a donjon surrounded by curtain walls. 2010 P. Purton Hist. Late Medieval Siege v. 259 The main interest of the castle lies in its immense four-storey donjon. 2. A (small) secure cell or underground chamber for the confinement of prisoners, esp. in the keep of a castle; a dungeon. Also figurative and in extended use (cf. dungeon n. 3b, 4). Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prison > [noun] > dungeon dungOE pitc1300 lakea1382 dungeonc1390 donjona1400 little-easea1529 thieves' hole1578 dungeon cell?1674 oubliette1777 a1400 (c1300) Northern Homily: Pilgrim of St. James (Coll. Phys.) in Middle Eng. Dict. at Dongoun His sawel es broht til a donjoun, Thar it wit outen end sal lend. ?a1425 Pistel of Swete Susan (Huntington) l. 177 Þei ded her in a donione..Metles tul on þe morow mydday and mare. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxix. 248 (MED) Helle, that lowe doniown. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxvi. 245 In donyon depe he shal be pynde. 1850 C. G. Hamilton Norman Leslie xviii. 160 She was led to the low, damp donjon. She heard the rusty bolts creak in their staples. 1919 Muscatine (Iowa) Jrnl. 11 Nov. 7/4 He could stand for a fortnight in a dark, dank, damp, deep donjon. 2004 C. Wooding Skein of Lament xxiv. 237 There may be many more imprisoned in the donjons of the keep. †3. A small, simply constructed dwelling; = dungeon n. 6. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > hut or hovel > [noun] hulka1000 boothc1200 hull?c1225 lodge1290 hottea1325 holetc1380 tavern1382 scalea1400 schura1400 tugury1412 donjon?a1439 cabinc1440 coshc1490 cabinet1579 bully1598 crib1600 shed1600 hut1637 hovela1640 boorachc1660 barrack1686 bothy1750 corf1770 rancho1819 shanty1820 kraal1832 shelty1834 shackle1835 mia-mia1837 wickiup1838 caboose1839 chantier1849 hangar1852 caban1866 shebang1867 humpy1873 shack1878 hale1885 bach1927 jhuggi1927 favela1961 hokkie1973 a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i. l. 6205 His abidyng and conuersacioun Was in placis that were solitarie; Mong trees & wellis he bilt hym a donioun. †4. Architecture. A small ornamental structure built at the top of a house to afford extensive views; a rooftop belvedere or turret. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. Donjon (Archit.), a small wooden pavilion raised above the roof of the house, where anyone may command a fine view. 1835 W. Lewis tr. Jrnl. des Mairies in tr. F. J. Gall Organology IV. vii. 154 [When his house was surrounded and stormed] He instantly disappeared, and a moment after was perceived intrenched in a donjon [Fr. donjon], on top of a little square tower, and pierced on each side with loopholes. Compounds C1. General attributive with the sense ‘of, belonging to, or containing a donjon (sense 1)’, as donjon court, donjon stair, donjon window, etc. ΚΠ 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. xi. 32 The steps of stone, By which you reach the Donjon gate. 1849 E. Bulwer-Lytton King Arthur vii. lxii And wall-less towns secure, Rise from the donjon sites of antique days. 1881 T. Mead Lady of Rose 210 To hurry down, the space was short, From donjon roof to donjon court. 1911 Everybody's Mag. Jan. 113/1 Yonder was the donjon window that he had planned to plunder on that fatal night so long ago. 1979 W. Watson Beltran in Exile xxiii. 173 The king was taking his departure, jolting down the donjon stairs four at a time. 2016 E. Popescu in J. A. Davies et al. Castles & Anglo-Norman World i. 27/2 By the end of the 17th century serious cracking of the donjon walls was apparent. C2. donjon cell n. a small, typically subterranean prison cell; a dungeon; a cell in the main tower or keep of a castle. ΚΠ 1815 London Rev. May 442/1 Better he love's [sic] the Warden's wine Than the Warden's Donjon-cell. 1916 Yale Sheffield Monthly Jan. 252 [Great Cardiff Castle keep,] Thy donjon cells were choked with starving souls Who slaked their thirst in thy moat's slimy gall. 2007 B. Gifford Harlot's Daughter vii. 77 The tolling bell clanged like the door of a donjon cell. donjon keep n. originally poetic (now rare) the great tower or keep of a castle; = sense 1. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > castle or fortified building > [noun] > keep donjonc1330 dungeonc1330 keepa1586 reduit1604 main guard1645 redoubt1648 donjon keep1808 donjon tower1808 keep-tower1865 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. i. 23 Day set on Norham's castled steep, And Tweed's fair river, broad and deep..: The battled towers, the Donjon Keep..In yellow lustre shone. 1937 D. L. Sayers Busman's Honeymoon (1968) 297 No donjon keep. No moat. The castle fell down a good many years ago. 1983 Sci. Amer. May 132/3 The..great stone donjon keeps of the Loire and Normandy. donjon tower n. originally poetic the great tower or keep of a castle; = sense 1. ΚΠ 1808 W. Scott Marmion i. ii. 24 St George's banner..was flung; The evening gale had scarce the power To wave it on the Donjon tower. 1929 Jrnl. County Louth Archaeol. Soc. 7 105 The origin of the donjon tower of the Norman castle..is traced as a development from the wooden tower..of the..motte and bailey. 2006 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 10 June 6 Sir Andrew.., to prevent the English from using such a strategic location again, destroyed most of the donjon tower. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1330
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