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单词 don
释义

Donn.1

Brit. /dɒn/, U.S. /dɑn/
Forms: Also 1500s Doen, Done. In senses 3, 4
Etymology: < Spanish don < Latin dominum master, lord.
1.
a. A Spanish title, prefixed to a man's Christian name.Formerly confined to men of high rank, but now applied in courtesy to all of the better classes.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [noun] > for gentleman > with forename
Don1523
1523 T. Wolsey in St. Papers VI. 119 The Archiduke Don Ferdinando.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 313 Done Peter King of Spaine.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 39 Don Alphonso, With other Gentlemen of good esteeme. View more context for this quotation
1724 T. Richers tr. Hist. Royal Geneal. Spain 92 This prince [Pelayus] was the first, to whom was given the Title of Don, which till then, they gave only to saints.
1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella II. i. xvi. 129 The title of Don..which had not then been degenerated into an appellation of mere courtesy.
b. By extension: often humorous. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing v. ii. 76 If Don worme (his conscience) find no impediment to the contrary. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost (1623) iii. i. 175 This signior Iunios gyant drawfe [sic] don [1598 dan] Cupid.
1619 Pasquils Palinodia sig. Dv Don Constable in wrath appeares.
a1658 J. Cleveland London Lady in Wks. (1687) 235 Don Mars, the great Ascendant on the Road.
c. Don Diego n. a name for a Spanish man (cf. diego n.); hence as v., to cheat or ‘do’.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > treat fraudulently, cheat [verb (transitive)] > trick out of
delude1493
juggle1531
bull1532
defeata1538
cozen1602
Don Diego1607
foista1640
sham1681
jockey1719
fling1749
short1942
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster Famous Hist. Thomas Wyat sig. E2v A Dondego is a kinde of Spanish Stockfish, or poore Iohn.
c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 770 Now Don Diego..or Don Divell I defye thee.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 31. ⁋8 Why you look as if you were Don Diego'd to the Tune of a Thousand Pounds.
2. A Spanish lord or gentleman; a Spanish man.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Spaniards > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Spain
Spainola1375
Spaniela1387
Spaniardc1400
Spaniardo1598
diegoc1611
Don1612
hombre1630
caballero1749
Spanisher1910
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist iii. iii. sig. G3 A doughty Don is taken, with my Doll. View more context for this quotation
1659 J. Dryden Heroique Stanza's xxiii, in E. Waller et al. Three Poems 6 The leight Mounsire the grave Don outwaigh'd.
1797 Ld. Nelson 13 Jan. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 326 I hailed the Don, and told him, ‘This is an English Frigate’.
1880 Ld. Tennyson Revenge iv I never turn'd my back upon Don or devil yet.
3. transferred. A distinguished man; one of position or importance; a leader, first class man. Also (colloquial and dialect) attributive, and in phrase a don at something, i.e. an adept.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > one who is important > one who is distinguished or notable
palma1525
somebodya1566
Dona1635
great gun1657
lion1715
bahadur1776
tyee1792
lioness1808
top-sawyer1826
roi soleil1880
a1635 T. Randolph Amyntas ii. v. 40 in Poems (1638) This is a man of skill, an Oedipus, Apollo, Reverent Phoebus, Don of Delphos.
1667 J. Dryden Indian Emperour Epil. The great Dons of Wit.
1768–74 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1852) II. 466 Quotations from the old dons of Greece.
1833 in Westm. Rev. Apr. 445 One of the men..was what was called a ‘don workman’.
1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 2 280 A don at cricket.
4. Hence, in the colloquial language of the English universities: A head, fellow or tutor of a college.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun]
Don1681
donness1895
1681 R. Thoresby Diary (1830) I. 109 Sermons..against Arminianism, whereat many dons were offended.
1715 R. South 12 Serm. IV. 64 The..raving Insolence, which those Spiritual Dons from the Pulpit were wont to show [at Oxford].
1721 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius 8 Jan. The Reverend Dons in Oxford are already alarmed.
1882 W. Besant Revolt of Man (1883) vii. 164 The few left were either the reading undergraduates or the dons.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. x. 242 An introduction to two Oxford dons.
5. = Dan n.1, Dom n.1 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > priest > kinds of priest > [noun] > Roman Catholic
Pope's Knight?1548
missary1550
popeling1563
greasling1583
Don1600
ointlinga1603
black gown1616
Dom1716
rector1908
1600 Chester Pl. Proem i The devise of one done Rondall, moonke of Chester abbe.
6. More fully, Don Pedro, a card game.The players are divided into two sides and have 6 or 5 cards each; the points scored in one game are 23:—one each for High, Low, and Jack of trumps, 5 for Game (i.e. for the side which at the end of the game scores the highest total from the cards won by them, counting 10, 4, 3, 2 and 1 for a ten, ace, king, queen and knave respectively), also 4, 3, 2 and 1 respectively for the ace, king, queen and knave of trumps, and 5 for the five or Don.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > other card games > [noun] > Dom Pedro
Don1874
pedro1874
Dom Pedro1887
1874 Hotten's Slang Dict. (rev. ed.) 147 Don Pedro..was probably invented by the mixed English and Irish rabble who fought in Portugal in 1832–3.
1897 Daily News 16 Mar. 8/3 Two detectives..saw the prisoners playing Don.

Derivatives

All nonce-words from sense 4.
ˈdondom n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > position of
donhood1865
dondom1891
1891 R. Noel Byron 64 Juvenile verses against Cambridge Dondom.
ˈdonhood n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun] > position of
donhood1865
dondom1891
1865 Sat. Rev. 4 Feb. 143 In the glory of early donhood at the Universities.
ˈdonlike adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [adjective]
donlike1797
donnish1848
donly1893
1797 A. M. Bennett Beggar Girl IV. vii. 202 The Don was in..a truly Don-like rage.
ˈdonly adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [adjective]
donlike1797
donnish1848
donly1893
1893 National Observer 20 May 12/2 A very donly Don.
ˈdonness n.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > university or college teacher > [noun]
Don1681
donness1895
1895 National Observer 2 Mar. 432/1 Englishwomen ‘who are fairly familiar with Middle English’ (who, beyond the range of donnesses, may probably be counted on fingers).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

donn.2

Etymology: < French don, < Latin dōnum, gift.
Obsolete. rare.
A donation, gift.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun]
givec888
lakeOE
presentc1230
giftc1275
garrison1297
benefit1377
beneficec1380
givinga1382
handsela1393
donativec1430
oblation1433
propine1448
presentationc1460
don1524
sportule1538
premie?1548
first penny1557
donation1577
exhibition1579
donary1582
fairing1584
merced1589
gifture1592
meed1613
recado1615
regalo1622
regale1649
dation1656
compliment1702
dashee1705
dash1788
cadeau1808
bestowment1837
potlatch1844
prez.1919
Harry Freeman's1925
pressie1933
1524 in State Papers Henry VIII (1849) VI. 223 Whose assumpcion is undoubtedly worthy to be reputed a don and gift of God.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

donn.3

Brit. /dɒn/, U.S. /dɑn/
Forms: Also Don
Etymology: < S. Italian don, a term of respect: compare Don n.1
Originally and chiefly U.S.
(A respectful name for) a high-ranking or powerful member of the Mafia. Cf. capo n.1
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > secret society > [noun] > other secret societies > member of > high ranking
don1952
1952 E. Reid Mafia xvii. 189 Morano, boss or ‘Don’ of the Brooklyn Commora, was worried.
1959 F. Sondern Brotherhood of Evil vii. 104 With the weight of Don Giuseppe Masseria's influence behind him..he..started a gradual expansion of the brotherhood's activities…Masseria..thought that the boys were going too far too fast and said so with all the authority of a don.
1965 J. Wainwright Death in Sleeping City ii. vii. 129 A Mafioso must obey..any order originating from a Don or a Capo — the two senior rankings within the Mafia.
1970 E. Tidyman Shaft (1971) vi. 92 If a Mafia don was breaking his kid into the business today, he would break him in through the Harvard Business School.
1977 Time 16 May 28/3 The Mafia is overseen nationally — but loosely — by the Commission, a dozen or so dons who usually..defer to the dominant boss in New York.
1984 Times 29 Oct. 5 Signor Tommaso Buscetta, the former Mafia boss.., ‘Don Masino’ as he is known was brought under heavy guard from his place of detention.
1986 Times 7 Feb. 8/7 A black comedy directed by John Huston also earned a best..supporting actor nomination for William Hickey, as the ageing Mafia don.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1989; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

donv.

Brit. /dɒn/, U.S. /dɑn/
Etymology: contracted < do on: see to do on at do v. Phrasal verbs 2.After 1650 retained in popular use only in northern dialect; as a literary archaism it has become very frequent in 19th cent.
archaic.
1. transitive. To put on (clothing, anything worn, etc.). The opposite of doff v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > put on
to do oneOE
graitha1375
puta1382
to take on1389
to let falla1400
takea1400
to put on?a1425
endow1484
addressa1522
to get on1549
to draw on1565
don1567
to pull on1578
dight1590
sumpterc1595
to get into ——1600
on with1600
array1611
mount1785
to cast on1801
endoss1805
endue1814
ship1829
1567 G. Turberville tr. Ovid Heroycall Epist. 109 Do'n hornes and Bacchus thou shalt bee.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. v. 51 Then vp he rose, and dond [1603 dan'd] his close.
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. iv. 97 In Autumne when..stately Forrests d'on their yealow coates.
1629 F. Quarles Argalus & Parthenia iii. 103 Vp Argalus, and d'on thy nuptiall weeds.
a1764 R. Lloyd tr. Voltaire Henriade (R.) Mars had donn'd his coat of mail.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 150 My experience has been in donning steel gauntlets on mailed knights.
1861 T. A. Trollope La Beata II. xii. 61 To shut up his studio, and don his best coat.
1879 W. H. Dixon Royal Windsor I. iii. 23 She donned the garment of a nun.
2. transferred. To dress (a person) in a garment; reflexive to dress oneself. Chiefly northern dialect.
ΚΠ
1805 R. Anderson Ballads in Cumberland Dial. 1 Sae doff thy clogs, and don thysel.
1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights II. v. 107 Joseph..was donned in his Sunday garments.

Derivatives

ˈdonning n.
ΚΠ
1860 R. W. Emerson in Atlantic Monthly Jan. 20 Too much of donning and doffing.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Donnings, Sunday clothes, also finery.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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