diabasen.

Brit.

/ˈdʌɪəbeɪs/, U.S.

/ˈdaɪəˌbeɪs/

Origin: A borrowing from French; partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: French diabase.

Etymology: < French diabase diorite ( A. Brongniart Traité élémentaire de minéralogie I. (1807) 453), probably < ancient Greek διάβασις act of crossing over, transition (see diabasis n.; for the probable semantic motivation see quot. 1811). In later use after German Diabas (1832 or earlier; < French diabase: see note).The name diabase was reintroduced in its modern sense by J. F. L. Hausmann (1832 in his Ueber den gegenwärtigen Zustand und die Wichtigkeit des Hannoverschen Harzes 14, or earlier), who applied it to the class of rocks which chiefly contain labradorite, hypersthene, and chlorite. In his Ueber die Bildung des Harzgebirges (1842) 18, Hausmann commented that he chose to reintroduce the name in this more specific sense because Brongniart, after originally applying it to greenstone, had abandoned it for R.-J. Haüy's name, diorite diorite n. Littré (1864–5) suggested that the French name of the rock was an error for an intended *dibase ( < di- di- comb. form + base base n.¹), on account of the fact that the rock contains two minerals; this statement appears to be based on Brongniart's later remark (in his Essai d'une classification des roches mélangées (1813) 19) that the rock ‘contains two bases’.

Geology.

Originally: †= diorite n. (obsolete). Later: a kind of fine-grained crystalline igneous rock consisting mainly of augite and plagioclase; spec. a dark rock also containing magnetite (= dolerite n.), or an altered form of such rock.

ΚΠ

1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain III. iv. xi. 184 The clay slate, to the extent of more than twenty square leagues, serves for a base to beds of syenite which alternate with transition greenstone (diabase).

1826 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (ed. 4) 151 The Diabase, Diorite, and Amphibolite of French authors, seems to include both Greenstone and Hornblende rock.

1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. ix. 79 Diabase, a massive hornblende rock..It is like diorite in composition, except that the feldspar is less abundant, and is either labradorite or oligoclase.

1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 145 The main difference between diabase and basalt appears to be that the rocks included under the former name have undergone more internal alteration, in particular acquiring the ‘viridite’ so characteristic of them.

1934 Amer. Mineralogist 19 428 The anthraxolite-bearing veins belong to a rather widespread system of fault-veins cutting both Animikie sediments and intrusive diabase.

1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xii. 170 Dolerites show the same proneness to alteration and the term diabase is often applied to a much altered dolerite rock in which a few of the original minerals are present.

1983 J. McPhee In Suspect Terrain (1990) 24 Big boulders from the New Jersey Palisades are strewn about in Central Park, and more of the same diabase is scattered through Brooklyn.

2004 W. D. Nesse Introd. Optical Mineral. (ed. 3) xv. 267/2 Siderite..is occasionally found in fractures and amygdules in basalt, diabase, and andesite.

Compounds

attributive. Forming names of rocks intermediate in composition and character between diabase and another rock, as diabase-aphanite, diabase-porphyrite, diabase-porphyry, diabase-schist, etc.

ΚΠ

1849 J. Nicol Man. Mineral. ii. 183 Chlorite..is a component of the diabase porphyries and amygdaloids, and then often crystallized.

1865 P. H. Lawrence Lithology 22 Schistose Diabase, or Diabase Schist.

1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 343 If the diabase contains distinct crystals of porphyry, it is a diabase porphyry, the green porphyry or oriental verd-antique of Greece..being of this nature.

1878 Geol. Rec. 1876 218 The physical, optical, and microscopical characters of the following Finland minerals and rocks, viz.:—Triplite, metaxoite.., diabase, diabase-aphanite.

1878 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1877–8 13 255 Plagioclase-augite = Diabase porphyrite.

1907 C. Reid & J. S. Flett Geol. Land's End District iii. 32 It might be possible to subdivide them into uralite diabases, diabase porphyries, diabase schists, and diabase hornfelses, but for the group as a whole it is convenient to retain the term greenstone.

1925 Mineral Abstr. 2 397 Around Borzhom in Georgia, the dislocated Eocene sediments..are intruded by dikes and sills of diabase and diabase-porphyrite.

2004 V. A. Vernikovsky et al. in D. G. Gee & V. Pease Neoproterozoic Timanide Orogen E. Baltica 237/2 In some places, composite dykes and sills of diabase and diabase–porphyry occur among the metabasalts.

2010 Russ. Geol. & Geophysics 51 796 (caption) Sedimentary tectonites with lenses of diabase schists.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	diabase
释义	diabasen. Brit. /ˈdʌɪəbeɪs/, U.S. /ˈdaɪəˌbeɪs/ Origin: A borrowing from French; partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: French diabase. Etymology: < French diabase diorite ( A. Brongniart Traité élémentaire de minéralogie I. (1807) 453), probably < ancient Greek διάβασις act of crossing over, transition (see diabasis n.; for the probable semantic motivation see quot. 1811). In later use after German Diabas (1832 or earlier; < French diabase: see note).The name diabase was reintroduced in its modern sense by J. F. L. Hausmann (1832 in his Ueber den gegenwärtigen Zustand und die Wichtigkeit des Hannoverschen Harzes 14, or earlier), who applied it to the class of rocks which chiefly contain labradorite, hypersthene, and chlorite. In his Ueber die Bildung des Harzgebirges (1842) 18, Hausmann commented that he chose to reintroduce the name in this more specific sense because Brongniart, after originally applying it to greenstone, had abandoned it for R.-J. Haüy's name, diorite diorite n. Littré (1864–5) suggested that the French name of the rock was an error for an intended dibase ( < di-* di- comb. form + base base n.¹), on account of the fact that the rock contains two minerals; this statement appears to be based on Brongniart's later remark (in his Essai d'une classification des roches mélangées (1813) 19) that the rock ‘contains two bases’. Geology. Originally: †= diorite n. (obsolete). Later: a kind of fine-grained crystalline igneous rock consisting mainly of augite and plagioclase; spec. a dark rock also containing magnetite (= dolerite n.), or an altered form of such rock. ΚΠ 1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain III. iv. xi. 184 The clay slate, to the extent of more than twenty square leagues, serves for a base to beds of syenite which alternate with transition greenstone (diabase). 1826 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (ed. 4) 151 The Diabase, Diorite, and Amphibolite of French authors, seems to include both Greenstone and Hornblende rock. 1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. ix. 79 Diabase, a massive hornblende rock..It is like diorite in composition, except that the feldspar is less abundant, and is either labradorite or oligoclase. 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 145 The main difference between diabase and basalt appears to be that the rocks included under the former name have undergone more internal alteration, in particular acquiring the ‘viridite’ so characteristic of them. 1934 Amer. Mineralogist 19 428 The anthraxolite-bearing veins belong to a rather widespread system of fault-veins cutting both Animikie sediments and intrusive diabase. 1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. xii. 170 Dolerites show the same proneness to alteration and the term diabase is often applied to a much altered dolerite rock in which a few of the original minerals are present. 1983 J. McPhee In Suspect Terrain (1990) 24 Big boulders from the New Jersey Palisades are strewn about in Central Park, and more of the same diabase is scattered through Brooklyn. 2004 W. D. Nesse Introd. Optical Mineral. (ed. 3) xv. 267/2 Siderite..is occasionally found in fractures and amygdules in basalt, diabase, and andesite. Compounds attributive. Forming names of rocks intermediate in composition and character between diabase and another rock, as diabase-aphanite, diabase-porphyrite, diabase-porphyry, diabase-schist, etc. ΚΠ 1849 J. Nicol Man. Mineral. ii. 183 Chlorite..is a component of the diabase porphyries and amygdaloids, and then often crystallized. 1865 P. H. Lawrence Lithology 22 Schistose Diabase, or Diabase Schist. 1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 343 If the diabase contains distinct crystals of porphyry, it is a diabase porphyry, the green porphyry or oriental verd-antique of Greece..being of this nature. 1878 Geol. Rec. 1876 218 The physical, optical, and microscopical characters of the following Finland minerals and rocks, viz.:—Triplite, metaxoite.., diabase, diabase-aphanite. 1878 Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 1877–8 13 255 Plagioclase-augite = Diabase porphyrite. 1907 C. Reid & J. S. Flett Geol. Land's End District iii. 32 It might be possible to subdivide them into uralite diabases, diabase porphyries, diabase schists, and diabase hornfelses, but for the group as a whole it is convenient to retain the term greenstone. 1925 Mineral Abstr. 2 397 Around Borzhom in Georgia, the dislocated Eocene sediments..are intruded by dikes and sills of diabase and diabase-porphyrite. 2004 V. A. Vernikovsky et al. in D. G. Gee & V. Pease Neoproterozoic Timanide Orogen E. Baltica 237/2 In some places, composite dykes and sills of diabase and diabase–porphyry occur among the metabasalts. 2010 Russ. Geol. & Geophysics 51 796 (caption) Sedimentary tectonites with lenses of diabase schists. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1811
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