dictatorshipn.

Brit.

/dɪkˈteɪtəʃɪp/, U.S.

/ˈdɪkteɪdərˌʃɪp/

Forms: see dictator n. and -ship suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: dictator n., -ship suffix.

Etymology: < dictator n. + -ship suffix, probably originally after classical Latin dictātūra dictature n. Compare earlier dictature n. and foreign-language forms cited at that entry.In dictatorship of the proletariat at sense 1c after German Klassendiktatur des Proletariats, Diktatur des Proletariats; compare:1850 K. Marx Die Klassenkämpfe in Frankreich (1895) iii. 94 Dieser Sozialismus ist die Permanenzerklärung der Revolution, die Klassendiktatur des Proletariats als nothwendiger Durchgangspunkt zur Abschaffung der Klassenunterschiede.

a. The position or office of a dictator; the (period of) rule of a dictator.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] > position of

tyrannyc1374

dictaturec1475

dictatory1533

dictatorship1542

dictatorate1815

tyrannis1878

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 273 It was therefore by a lawe prouided that..there should bee elected an officer, who was called dictator, as if ye should saie, a lorde commaunder... His office was called, Dictatura y^e dictatourship, or y^e dictature.

1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 186 Bicause he would not haue the dictatorship, and the other the consulship.

1636 E. Dacres tr. N. Machiavel Disc. Livy I. 129 If any one were made Dictatour, he got most honour by it, that layd downe his Dictatourship soonest.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 167 They advised him [sc. Leicester] also to a too hasty..hope of the Dictatorship, after the Example of the Prince of Aurange.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 331 Attilius-Regulus, who was called from the plough to the Dictatorship.

1814 G. Baker tr. Velleius Paterculus Abridgm. Hist. Rome ii. 75 Sulla..was invested with the dictatorship, an office which had been in disuse an hundred and twenty years.

1856 Times 1 July 10/6 Fresh powers for six months had been accorded to General Castilla, strengthening his dictatorship.

1932 Ann. Reg. 1931 ii. 275 They issued a manifesto declaring that the elections to the Convention would be a fiasco..and that its whole purpose was to seat him [sc. Chiang Kai-Shek] more firmly in the dictatorship.

1949 J. S. Schapiro Liberalism & Challenge of Fascism p. viii The semiautocratic German Empire established by Bismarck prepared the Germans to accept the Nazi dictatorship of Hitler.

2000 T. C. Brennan Praetorship in Rom. Republic I. iii. 59 A sudden Gallic invasion led to the appointment of Camillus to a fifth dictatorship.

b. A system of government by the absolute rule of a single individual; a state ruled by a dictator.

ΚΠ

1817 C. Kelly Full Acct. Battle Waterloo 159/1 A dictatorship has been foolishly objected to. It is the only measure which would now save every thing.

1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) III. xv. 323 A dictatorship..is the last step in the despair of nations.

1918 D. G. Munro Five Republics Central Amer. vii. 146 His government was a repressive military dictatorship, in which his own personal followers held all of the principal offices.

1940 Tablet 4 May 417/1 Under the Bolshevist-Nazi dictatorship, two hundred million human beings are forced to live deprived of the foundations on which Western civilization was built.

1991 K. Maguire Politics in S. Afr. Introd. 3 Britain did not want to see South Africa become another one-party authoritarian dictatorship.

c. dictatorship of the proletariat: the holding of absolute power by the proletariat, esp. (in Marxist political thought) as a supposed transitional state of affairs following the overthrow of capitalism and preceding the elimination of class; a system of government in which power is held by the proletariat.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > Marxism > specific theories or usages

means of production1833

revolution1850

false consciousness1858

superstructure1887

proletarian revolution1888

historical materialism1892

dictatorship of the proletariat1895

synthesis1896

dialectical materialism1898

practice1899

withering away1919

base1933

praxis1933

reification1941

cultural Marxism1949

spontaneism1970

1871 World (N.Y.) 15 Oct. 3/4 [Reporting a speech by Marx] Before such a change could be effected a proletarian dictature would become necessary.]

1895 Times 23 Oct. 5/4 He [sc. Friedrich Naumann] uttered the hope that the transition to a more Socialist form of society would be accomplished in conformity with the laws and without instituting a dictatorship of the proletariat.

1906 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 18 June 2/5 The orators at the meetings glorified the coming dictatorship of the proletariat and cheered the cries of ‘Down with the government and the middle classes.’

1937 E. St. V. Millay Conv. at Midnight ii. 69 The dictatorship of the proletariat, though not yet present and in this room, is a fact!

1972 W. Leonhard in C. D. Kernig Marxism, Communism & Western Society II. 434/1 After Stalin's death..a change again took place in the Soviet presentation of the dictatorship of the proletariat.

1998 Harper's Mag. July 72/1 The Maoist cashier sits behind the register of Revolution Books waiting for the dictatorship of the proletariat to arrive.

2. Absolute authority in any sphere; dictatorial character or behaviour.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > absolute authority

empery1529

wilful empire1533

empire1579

dictatorship1580

imperiousness1630

incorrigibilitya1631

tyranny1651

despotism1797

1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted ii. f. 68^v But what do I heare? did Peter euer arrogate vnto him selfe any soueraintie ouer the Apostles? or did hee euer affect vniuersall dictatorship ouer the congregation of Christians?

1651 tr. J. A. Comenius Nat. Philos. Reformed Pref. sig. a 8^v Where in forging articles of faith, and ordaining rules of life, Aristotle had an æquall share with Christ, that I may not say he had the sole dictatourship.

1685 J. Dryden Sylvæ Pref. sig. a1 This is that perpetual Dictatorship, which is exercis'd by Lucretius;..though often in the wrong.

1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. v. 90 Where an Author..assumes an Air of Sovereignty and Dictatorship.

1816 Monthly Mag. 41 124 Having so far proceeded in a strain of dictatorship, that some..may deem altogether presumptive.

1892 T. R. Lounsbury Stud. Chaucer III. vii. 100 His [sc. Dryden's] literary dictatorship..remained unshaken.

1934 D. Thomas Let. 7 June (1987) 142 In this overpeopled breeding box of ours..the Philistines exercise an inevitable dictatorship.

1973 College Eng. 34 1066/2 There is the idea of critical hierarchy, and of literary dictatorship, then and now.

2007 Irish Times (Nexis) 18 Dec. 8 In these days of style dictatorship as to what constitutes good taste in how we light up our homes and trees.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1839 Times 4 July 4/5 The House of Lords..rejected the first, or dictatorship, clause of the bill.

1895 Daily Huronite (S. Dakota) 1 Mar. In the reichstag, the bill repealing the dictatorship clause of the reichsland (Alsace-Lorraine) laws passed its third reading.

1938 Life 6 June 58/2 Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan each has its labor battalions which do much the same kind of work but there is nothing to match America's CCC [= Civilian Conservation Corps] outside the dictatorship countries.

1998 H. Belz A. Lincoln, Constitutionalism & Equal Rights in Civil War Era i. 18 The dictatorship charge was directed at Lincoln at the start of the Civil War by both Confederates and northern Democrats.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dictatorship
释义	dictatorshipn. Brit. /dɪkˈteɪtəʃɪp/, U.S. /ˈdɪkteɪdərˌʃɪp/ Forms: see dictator n. and -ship suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: dictator n., -ship suffix. Etymology: < dictator n. + -ship suffix, probably originally after classical Latin dictātūra dictature n. Compare earlier dictature n. and foreign-language forms cited at that entry.In dictatorship of the proletariat at sense 1c after German Klassendiktatur des Proletariats, Diktatur des Proletariats; compare:1850 K. Marx Die Klassenkämpfe in Frankreich (1895) iii. 94 Dieser Sozialismus ist die Permanenzerklärung der Revolution, die Klassendiktatur des Proletariats als nothwendiger Durchgangspunkt zur Abschaffung der Klassenunterschiede. 1. a. The position or office of a dictator; the (period of) rule of a dictator. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > absolute ruler > [noun] > position of tyrannyc1374 dictaturec1475 dictatory1533 dictatorship1542 dictatorate1815 tyrannis1878 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes ii. f. 273 It was therefore by a lawe prouided that..there should bee elected an officer, who was called dictator, as if ye should saie, a lorde commaunder... His office was called, Dictatura y^e dictatourship, or y^e dictature. 1586 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. I. 186 Bicause he would not haue the dictatorship, and the other the consulship. 1636 E. Dacres tr. N. Machiavel Disc. Livy I. 129 If any one were made Dictatour, he got most honour by it, that layd downe his Dictatourship soonest. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 167 They advised him [sc. Leicester] also to a too hasty..hope of the Dictatorship, after the Example of the Prince of Aurange. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) I. 331 Attilius-Regulus, who was called from the plough to the Dictatorship. 1814 G. Baker tr. Velleius Paterculus Abridgm. Hist. Rome ii. 75 Sulla..was invested with the dictatorship, an office which had been in disuse an hundred and twenty years. 1856 Times 1 July 10/6 Fresh powers for six months had been accorded to General Castilla, strengthening his dictatorship. 1932 Ann. Reg. 1931 ii. 275 They issued a manifesto declaring that the elections to the Convention would be a fiasco..and that its whole purpose was to seat him [sc. Chiang Kai-Shek] more firmly in the dictatorship. 1949 J. S. Schapiro Liberalism & Challenge of Fascism p. viii The semiautocratic German Empire established by Bismarck prepared the Germans to accept the Nazi dictatorship of Hitler. 2000 T. C. Brennan Praetorship in Rom. Republic I. iii. 59 A sudden Gallic invasion led to the appointment of Camillus to a fifth dictatorship. b. A system of government by the absolute rule of a single individual; a state ruled by a dictator. ΚΠ 1817 C. Kelly Full Acct. Battle Waterloo 159/1 A dictatorship has been foolishly objected to. It is the only measure which would now save every thing. 1849 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. (new ed.) III. xv. 323 A dictatorship..is the last step in the despair of nations. 1918 D. G. Munro Five Republics Central Amer. vii. 146 His government was a repressive military dictatorship, in which his own personal followers held all of the principal offices. 1940 Tablet 4 May 417/1 Under the Bolshevist-Nazi dictatorship, two hundred million human beings are forced to live deprived of the foundations on which Western civilization was built. 1991 K. Maguire Politics in S. Afr. Introd. 3 Britain did not want to see South Africa become another one-party authoritarian dictatorship. c. dictatorship of the proletariat: the holding of absolute power by the proletariat, esp. (in Marxist political thought) as a supposed transitional state of affairs following the overthrow of capitalism and preceding the elimination of class; a system of government in which power is held by the proletariat. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > Marxism > specific theories or usages means of production1833 revolution1850 false consciousness1858 superstructure1887 proletarian revolution1888 historical materialism1892 dictatorship of the proletariat1895 synthesis1896 dialectical materialism1898 practice1899 withering away1919 base1933 praxis1933 reification1941 cultural Marxism1949 spontaneism1970 1871 World (N.Y.) 15 Oct. 3/4 [Reporting a speech by Marx] Before such a change could be effected a proletarian dictature would become necessary.] 1895 Times 23 Oct. 5/4 He [sc. Friedrich Naumann] uttered the hope that the transition to a more Socialist form of society would be accomplished in conformity with the laws and without instituting a dictatorship of the proletariat. 1906 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 18 June 2/5 The orators at the meetings glorified the coming dictatorship of the proletariat and cheered the cries of ‘Down with the government and the middle classes.’ 1937 E. St. V. Millay Conv. at Midnight ii. 69 The dictatorship of the proletariat, though not yet present and in this room, is a fact! 1972 W. Leonhard in C. D. Kernig Marxism, Communism & Western Society II. 434/1 After Stalin's death..a change again took place in the Soviet presentation of the dictatorship of the proletariat. 1998 Harper's Mag. July 72/1 The Maoist cashier sits behind the register of Revolution Books waiting for the dictatorship of the proletariat to arrive. 2. Absolute authority in any sphere; dictatorial character or behaviour. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > absolute authority empery1529 wilful empire1533 empire1579 dictatorship1580 imperiousness1630 incorrigibilitya1631 tyranny1651 despotism1797 1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe Pope Confuted ii. f. 68^v But what do I heare? did Peter euer arrogate vnto him selfe any soueraintie ouer the Apostles? or did hee euer affect vniuersall dictatorship ouer the congregation of Christians? 1651 tr. J. A. Comenius Nat. Philos. Reformed Pref. sig. a 8^v Where in forging articles of faith, and ordaining rules of life, Aristotle had an æquall share with Christ, that I may not say he had the sole dictatourship. 1685 J. Dryden Sylvæ Pref. sig. a1 This is that perpetual Dictatorship, which is exercis'd by Lucretius;..though often in the wrong. 1741 I. Watts Improvem. Mind i. v. 90 Where an Author..assumes an Air of Sovereignty and Dictatorship. 1816 Monthly Mag. 41 124 Having so far proceeded in a strain of dictatorship, that some..may deem altogether presumptive. 1892 T. R. Lounsbury Stud. Chaucer III. vii. 100 His [sc. Dryden's] literary dictatorship..remained unshaken. 1934 D. Thomas Let. 7 June (1987) 142 In this overpeopled breeding box of ours..the Philistines exercise an inevitable dictatorship. 1973 College Eng. 34 1066/2 There is the idea of critical hierarchy, and of literary dictatorship, then and now. 2007 Irish Times (Nexis) 18 Dec. 8 In these days of style dictatorship as to what constitutes good taste in how we light up our homes and trees. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1839 Times 4 July 4/5 The House of Lords..rejected the first, or dictatorship, clause of the bill. 1895 Daily Huronite (S. Dakota) 1 Mar. In the reichstag, the bill repealing the dictatorship clause of the reichsland (Alsace-Lorraine) laws passed its third reading. 1938 Life 6 June 58/2 Germany, Italy, Russia and Japan each has its labor battalions which do much the same kind of work but there is nothing to match America's CCC [= Civilian Conservation Corps] outside the dictatorship countries. 1998 H. Belz A. Lincoln, Constitutionalism & Equal Rights in Civil War Era i. 18 The dictatorship charge was directed at Lincoln at the start of the Civil War by both Confederates and northern Democrats. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1542
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