dictationn.

Brit.

/dɪkˈteɪʃn/, U.S.

/dɪkˈteɪʃən/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin dictātiōn-, dictātiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin dictātiōn-, dictātiō dictated draft (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also action of dictating, order, command (4th cent.) < dictāt- , past participial stem of dictāre dictate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare dictate n.With sense 2b compare French dictée dictation taken down in a school or other educational setting (1680), use as noun of feminine past participle of dicter (see dictate v.).

1. Something which has been dictated; a pronouncement; a text or passage which has been given out and written down.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation > something dictated

dictate1581

dictationa1624

a1624 R. Crakanthorpe Vigilius Dormitans (1631) viii. 76 By his dictation, or Epistle, Ibas was declared to be a catholike.

1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xxix. 392 To observe every voice of God, either in his Word, by his Spirit, or of his Rod, and to follow the dictations of it.

1774 W. Allen Amer. Crisis p. iii The sentiments he offers..are of his private opinion, and not the dictations of any person.

1793 W. Taplin Gentleman's Stable Directory (ed. 3) II. 67 Implicitly transmitting to succeeding generations, the immaculate purity of their dictations.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §32. 116 Had they been the very dictations of the Almighty.

1848 Rep. 17th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1847 Notices & Abstr. 126 The dictations of these youths amounted to a sufficiency of material for the addition of several important data to African philology.

1929 Sci. Monthly Nov. 418/1 Scholasticism enforced the verbal memorization of dictations justifying abstract theological dogmas.

1968 C. M. Vines Little Nut-brown Man iv. 73 He dictated into the soundscriber, and handed to me the papers referred to in his dictation.

2000 J. W. Cook Wittgenstein, Empiricism & Lang. i. iii. 24 From 1933 onward Wittgenstein began many of his writings, lectures, and dictations with this same, antirealist, message.

a. The action of dictate v. 1; the utterance of words in order that they may be transcribed (by writing, typing, etc.); (occasionally) an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation

dictating1612

dictate1642

dictation1648

1648 C. Kinner Contin. Mr. J. A. Comenius School-endeavours To Rdr. sig. A4^v The drift of my Invention for Teaching is, That all Things Necessary to be known may be instilled into Learners without..the ill Custome of Dictations.

1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iii. 142 Without that immediate inspiration or dictation of every Iota or Tittle to them, as thou Tatlest somewhere, from the holy Spirit of God.

1694 E. Phillips Life Milton in tr. J. Milton Lett. of State p. xix The writing from his own dictation..of a Tractate.

1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Dictation, a pronouncing or dictating of any Thing to another Man to be written by him.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1784 II. 37 Dictation..would be performed as speedily as an amanuensis could write.

1842 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. (1842) I. 8 Sketches, either actually written by himself or at his dictation.

1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. viii. 267 By some evident slip of dictation or copying, Neel is made..to defend himself at Brionne instead of Guy.

1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 10 I will write out the charm from your dictation.

1917 W. Churchill Dwelling-place of Light vi. 98 There were moments when..he paused in his dictation to stare at her in astonishment.

1962 Asian Surv. 1 xii. 5 The data were written down by the candidate, or according to his dictation in his presence.

2003 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 21 June ii. 4/5 She talks to the computer at the same rate of dictation and can edit her words as they appear on the screen.

b. The transcription of a dictated passage, esp. one in a foreign language, as a school exercise; a passage transcribed in this way.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework

lesson?c1225

renderc1380

vulgars1520

practicec1541

theme1545

example1562

tax1564

repetition1579

exercise1612

praxis1612

recreation1633

pensum1667

vacation-exercisea1668

version1711

task1737

thesisa1774

dictation1789

challenging1825

holiday task1827

devoir1849

homework1852

vulgus1857

cram-book1858

rep1858

banco1862

prep1866

classwork1867

preparation1875

work card1878

vacation-task1904

1789 E. Wynne Diary 18 Aug. in A. Fremantle Wynne Diaries (1935) I. 1 Mademoiselle Eberts gave us our dictation as Mons. Fries is away.

1854 E. Ruskin Let. 4 Feb. in M. Lutyens Millais & Ruskins (1967) 133 I hear Sophie practise an hour, then her spelling, Dictation, arithmetic.

1892 School Inspector's Rep. in S. E. Ellacott Everyday Things in England 1914–68 (1968) vi. 86 Dictation in the second and fourth Standards needs attention.

1969 N. Freeling Tsing-Boum xix. 138 Four large horrible faults in your dictation... Write it out again.

1993 F. Collymore Mark learns another Lesson 83 You sat at your desk and wrote Dictation, or worked out Sums on slates.

a. Authoritative utterance or prescription; the making of a pronouncement or stipulation; †command, bidding (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment > an ordinance or authoritative utterance

setnessc950

sandc1000

edict1297

statutec1300

proclamationa1325

justifyinga1382

rescritec1384

decree?a1400

thewsc1400

justification?a1475

ordinationc1499

dictamena1513

golden bull1537

dictate1604

process1604

dictament1615

dictation1651

fiata1750

diktat1941

1651 J. Tatham Distracted State iv. i. 25/2 How am I Bound to the Gods for their superlative goodness, That here an offering of Mercy meets me By their Dictation.

a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 148 Heresies..maintained to the death under pretence of the dictation and warrant of Gods spirit.

1785 W. Paley Princ. Moral & Polit. Philos. vi. v. 447 It affords a probable security against the dictation of laws, imposing arbitrary and superfluous restrictions upon his private will.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. i. 158 The terms were at his own dictation.

1885 Times 24 July 13/1 The subsequent capture of the city of Mexico and the dictation of terms of peace by the victors ended the war.

1935 Port Arthur (Texas) News 23 Nov. 4/2 ‘The will of the people’ should prevail in the dictation of laws for the protection of all interests and all people.

1977 World Bk. Encycl. XIX. 4/2 The monopoly of the game by these two companies and their dictation of rules and equipment led to a revolt by internationally organized players in 1921.

1995 G. W. Breslauer in G. W. Lapidus New Russia vii. 234 Western hostility, or condescending dictation of terms, would likely have a negative impact on democratic state-building and nation-building.

b. Arbitrary command; dictatorial action or behaviour; the exercise of dictatorship.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > domineering or overbearing

lording?a1425

masterdomc1475

imperiousness1582

domineering1617

dictatoring1644

overbearing1649

magisteriousness1650

magisterialness1651

high-handednessa1658

peremptoriness1699

dictation1769

overbearingnessa1797

dictatorialism1826

bashawism1839

dictatorialness1845

domineeringness1889

overmasterfulness1899

bossiness1928

overdoggery1962

1769 H. L. Luttrell Let. 18 Apr. in Cambr. Mag. Apr. 148/2 You have..endeavoured to rescue your country from dictation, and disorder.

1802 Times 15 Oct. 2/1 Well calculated to..unite the subjects of every State in the common cause of delivering their country from foreign dictation.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 188 It would have probably been unsafe for the crown to attempt dictation or repression.

1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) II. x. 220 No sooner has the dictation of any journal..become too pronounced, than [etc.].

1931 F. L. Allen Only Yesterday vii. 176 In general the country extended its empire not by military conquest or political dictation, but by financial penetration.

1975 Rev. Afr. Polit. Econ. No. 4. 58 Today, the Amin dictatorship is purely and simply a dictation by arms.

2005 J. Keep in A. Litvin & J. Keep Stalinism x. 158 Political dictation in the social sciences was not just imposed on the learned community from outside but was to some extent actively self-inflicted.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 2).

ΚΠ

1822 Times 5 Jan. 4/1 (advt.) Dictation exercises, with suitable orthographical instructions.

1853 C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe I. x. 169 Laura and Eveleen are making a dictation lesson agreeable to Charlotte.

1894 Westm. Gaz. 23 Feb. 6/3 A dictation cylinder will contain from 1,000 to 1,200 words.

1954 W. W. Grings Lab. Instrumentation Psychol. iv. 116 An office dictation recorder usually incorporates special stop and automatic throwback features to facilitate transcription.

2004 A. Amoia & B. L. Knapp Multicultural Writers since 1945 35 A French romantic author with servants, dictation typists, and an aristocratic wife.

C2.

dictation speed n. the speed at which a secretary, etc., is expected to be able to take dictation; a rate of speech suitable for dictation.

ΚΠ

1915 Lincoln (Nebraska) Sunday Star 5 Dec. 9/3 The requirements for graduation must be as follows:..Grade of 90 per cent on the theory of shorthand. Dictation speed of 100 words per minute,..98 per cent accuracy.

1957 H. Nicolson Let. 21 Feb. (1968) III. 332 ‘Has your husband joined you,’ asked Vita at dictation-speed, ‘or is he still in Formosa?’

2003 N. Smart Brit. Strategy & Politics during Phony War vii. 240 He proceeded to read out the resolution his executive had adopted at dictation speed.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dictation
释义	dictationn. Brit. /dɪkˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /dɪkˈteɪʃən/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin dictātiōn-, dictātiō. Etymology: < classical Latin dictātiōn-, dictātiō dictated draft (2nd cent. a.d.), in post-classical Latin also action of dictating, order, command (4th cent.) < dictāt- , past participial stem of dictāre dictate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare dictate n.With sense 2b compare French dictée dictation taken down in a school or other educational setting (1680), use as noun of feminine past participle of dicter (see dictate v.). 1. Something which has been dictated; a pronouncement; a text or passage which has been given out and written down. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation > something dictated dictate1581 dictationa1624 a1624 R. Crakanthorpe Vigilius Dormitans (1631) viii. 76 By his dictation, or Epistle, Ibas was declared to be a catholike. 1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xxix. 392 To observe every voice of God, either in his Word, by his Spirit, or of his Rod, and to follow the dictations of it. 1774 W. Allen Amer. Crisis p. iii The sentiments he offers..are of his private opinion, and not the dictations of any person. 1793 W. Taplin Gentleman's Stable Directory (ed. 3) II. 67 Implicitly transmitting to succeeding generations, the immaculate purity of their dictations. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §32. 116 Had they been the very dictations of the Almighty. 1848 Rep. 17th Meeting Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1847 Notices & Abstr. 126 The dictations of these youths amounted to a sufficiency of material for the addition of several important data to African philology. 1929 Sci. Monthly Nov. 418/1 Scholasticism enforced the verbal memorization of dictations justifying abstract theological dogmas. 1968 C. M. Vines Little Nut-brown Man iv. 73 He dictated into the soundscriber, and handed to me the papers referred to in his dictation. 2000 J. W. Cook Wittgenstein, Empiricism & Lang. i. iii. 24 From 1933 onward Wittgenstein began many of his writings, lectures, and dictations with this same, antirealist, message. 2. a. The action of dictate v. 1; the utterance of words in order that they may be transcribed (by writing, typing, etc.); (occasionally) an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] > dictation dictating1612 dictate1642 dictation1648 1648 C. Kinner Contin. Mr. J. A. Comenius School-endeavours To Rdr. sig. A4^v The drift of my Invention for Teaching is, That all Things Necessary to be known may be instilled into Learners without..the ill Custome of Dictations. 1660 S. Fisher Rusticus ad Academicos iii. 142 Without that immediate inspiration or dictation of every Iota or Tittle to them, as thou Tatlest somewhere, from the holy Spirit of God. 1694 E. Phillips Life Milton in tr. J. Milton Lett. of State p. xix The writing from his own dictation..of a Tractate. 1727 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. II Dictation, a pronouncing or dictating of any Thing to another Man to be written by him. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1784 II. 37 Dictation..would be performed as speedily as an amanuensis could write. 1842 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. (1842) I. 8 Sketches, either actually written by himself or at his dictation. 1868 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest II. viii. 267 By some evident slip of dictation or copying, Neel is made..to defend himself at Brionne instead of Guy. 1871 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues I. 10 I will write out the charm from your dictation. 1917 W. Churchill Dwelling-place of Light vi. 98 There were moments when..he paused in his dictation to stare at her in astonishment. 1962 Asian Surv. 1 xii. 5 The data were written down by the candidate, or according to his dictation in his presence. 2003 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 21 June ii. 4/5 She talks to the computer at the same rate of dictation and can edit her words as they appear on the screen. b. The transcription of a dictated passage, esp. one in a foreign language, as a school exercise; a passage transcribed in this way. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > study > subject or object of study > [noun] > exercises or homework lesson?c1225 renderc1380 vulgars1520 practicec1541 theme1545 example1562 tax1564 repetition1579 exercise1612 praxis1612 recreation1633 pensum1667 vacation-exercisea1668 version1711 task1737 thesisa1774 dictation1789 challenging1825 holiday task1827 devoir1849 homework1852 vulgus1857 cram-book1858 rep1858 banco1862 prep1866 classwork1867 preparation1875 work card1878 vacation-task1904 1789 E. Wynne Diary 18 Aug. in A. Fremantle Wynne Diaries (1935) I. 1 Mademoiselle Eberts gave us our dictation as Mons. Fries is away. 1854 E. Ruskin Let. 4 Feb. in M. Lutyens Millais & Ruskins (1967) 133 I hear Sophie practise an hour, then her spelling, Dictation, arithmetic. 1892 School Inspector's Rep. in S. E. Ellacott Everyday Things in England 1914–68 (1968) vi. 86 Dictation in the second and fourth Standards needs attention. 1969 N. Freeling Tsing-Boum xix. 138 Four large horrible faults in your dictation... Write it out again. 1993 F. Collymore Mark learns another Lesson 83 You sat at your desk and wrote Dictation, or worked out Sums on slates. 3. a. Authoritative utterance or prescription; the making of a pronouncement or stipulation; †command, bidding (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment > an ordinance or authoritative utterance setnessc950 sandc1000 edict1297 statutec1300 proclamationa1325 justifyinga1382 rescritec1384 decree?a1400 thewsc1400 justification?a1475 ordinationc1499 dictamena1513 golden bull1537 dictate1604 process1604 dictament1615 dictation1651 fiata1750 diktat1941 1651 J. Tatham Distracted State iv. i. 25/2 How am I Bound to the Gods for their superlative goodness, That here an offering of Mercy meets me By their Dictation. a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) ii. 148 Heresies..maintained to the death under pretence of the dictation and warrant of Gods spirit. 1785 W. Paley Princ. Moral & Polit. Philos. vi. v. 447 It affords a probable security against the dictation of laws, imposing arbitrary and superfluous restrictions upon his private will. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby I. ii. i. 158 The terms were at his own dictation. 1885 Times 24 July 13/1 The subsequent capture of the city of Mexico and the dictation of terms of peace by the victors ended the war. 1935 Port Arthur (Texas) News 23 Nov. 4/2 ‘The will of the people’ should prevail in the dictation of laws for the protection of all interests and all people. 1977 World Bk. Encycl. XIX. 4/2 The monopoly of the game by these two companies and their dictation of rules and equipment led to a revolt by internationally organized players in 1921. 1995 G. W. Breslauer in G. W. Lapidus New Russia vii. 234 Western hostility, or condescending dictation of terms, would likely have a negative impact on democratic state-building and nation-building. b. Arbitrary command; dictatorial action or behaviour; the exercise of dictatorship. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [noun] > domineering or overbearing lording?a1425 masterdomc1475 imperiousness1582 domineering1617 dictatoring1644 overbearing1649 magisteriousness1650 magisterialness1651 high-handednessa1658 peremptoriness1699 dictation1769 overbearingnessa1797 dictatorialism1826 bashawism1839 dictatorialness1845 domineeringness1889 overmasterfulness1899 bossiness1928 overdoggery1962 1769 H. L. Luttrell Let. 18 Apr. in Cambr. Mag. Apr. 148/2 You have..endeavoured to rescue your country from dictation, and disorder. 1802 Times 15 Oct. 2/1 Well calculated to..unite the subjects of every State in the common cause of delivering their country from foreign dictation. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 188 It would have probably been unsafe for the crown to attempt dictation or repression. 1861 T. E. May Constit. Hist. Eng. (1863) II. x. 220 No sooner has the dictation of any journal..become too pronounced, than [etc.]. 1931 F. L. Allen Only Yesterday vii. 176 In general the country extended its empire not by military conquest or political dictation, but by financial penetration. 1975 Rev. Afr. Polit. Econ. No. 4. 58 Today, the Amin dictatorship is purely and simply a dictation by arms. 2005 J. Keep in A. Litvin & J. Keep Stalinism x. 158 Political dictation in the social sciences was not just imposed on the learned community from outside but was to some extent actively self-inflicted. Compounds C1. General attributive (in sense 2). ΚΠ 1822 Times 5 Jan. 4/1 (advt.) Dictation exercises, with suitable orthographical instructions. 1853 C. M. Yonge Heir of Redclyffe I. x. 169 Laura and Eveleen are making a dictation lesson agreeable to Charlotte. 1894 Westm. Gaz. 23 Feb. 6/3 A dictation cylinder will contain from 1,000 to 1,200 words. 1954 W. W. Grings Lab. Instrumentation Psychol. iv. 116 An office dictation recorder usually incorporates special stop and automatic throwback features to facilitate transcription. 2004 A. Amoia & B. L. Knapp Multicultural Writers since 1945 35 A French romantic author with servants, dictation typists, and an aristocratic wife. C2. dictation speed n. the speed at which a secretary, etc., is expected to be able to take dictation; a rate of speech suitable for dictation. ΚΠ 1915 Lincoln (Nebraska) Sunday Star 5 Dec. 9/3 The requirements for graduation must be as follows:..Grade of 90 per cent on the theory of shorthand. Dictation speed of 100 words per minute,..98 per cent accuracy. 1957 H. Nicolson Let. 21 Feb. (1968) III. 332 ‘Has your husband joined you,’ asked Vita at dictation-speed, ‘or is he still in Formosa?’ 2003 N. Smart Brit. Strategy & Politics during Phony War vii. 240 He proceeded to read out the resolution his executive had adopted at dictation speed. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1624
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