amidprep.adv.

Brit.

/əˈmɪd/, U.S.

/əˈmɪd/

Forms: (Word division in Old English and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.)

α. Old English anmiddan (rare), Old English omiddan (rare), Old English onmiddan, Old English on middum, Old English onmyddan, Old English–early Middle English on middan, Old English–early Middle English on midden, late Old English on middæn, late Old English on myddæn.

β. Old English onmidd (rare), Old English on mydde (rare), Old English–early Middle English on midde.

γ. Old English amiddan (rare), early Middle English a-midden, Middle English amidden.

δ. early Middle English a midde, Middle English a-midde, Middle English amide, Middle English a-myd, Middle English a-mydde, Middle English amydde, Middle English a-myde, Middle English amyde, Middle English omyd, Middle English–1500s amidde, Middle English–1500s amyd, Middle English– amid, 1500s a midd; Scottish pre-1700 amyd, pre-1700 1700s– amid.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding Etymons: on prep., mid n.¹, mid adj.

Etymology: Probably partly (i) < on prep. + the dative singular of mid n.¹ (compare mid n.¹ 1 and discussion of the weak feminine noun at that entry), and partly (ii) < on prep. + the dative singular of mid adj., with syntactic reanalysis of constructions as in mid adj. 1a, 1b. Compare Old High German an mittēm , an mittemo in the middle. Compare imid adv. and prep., in mid adv., and in mid prep. Development of use as preposition. The word reflects grammaticalization of a prepositional phrase. In Old English the word is most clearly grammaticalized as a preposition in use with the dative, while uses with the genitive and as adverb can alternatively be interpreted as showing the phrase rather than the compound (and hence are treated at mid adj., n.¹, and adv.²). The fluidity and ambiguity of such constructions in Old English is further shown by attestations of on..middan , such as the following:OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 94 Þa wæs þær an mycel burh on heora wege middan. With the development as preposition compare use of Old High German an mittēm , an mittemo (with genitive), and the more common in mittamen in the middle (of), amid (Middle High German enmitten , German inmitten ; compare in prep.). In early use in English sometimes translating classical Latin in mediō in the middle (see in medio adv.; also in medium ), which also occurs in construction with the genitive (compare quots. OE¹ at sense A. 2b, OE¹ at sense B.). Compare also ancient Greek ἐν μέσῳ in similar sense and construction. Form history. The α. forms chiefly show the Old English weak dative singular ending -an in the second element, but already in Old English it is not always possible to distinguish this from phonologically reduced forms of strong dative singular (masculine and neuter) -um . The earliest β. forms perhaps reflect other case forms of mid adj. 1a, but they and the δ. forms chiefly show further phonological reduction of -an . The γ. and δ. forms show phonological reduction of the first element; compare a- prefix³ and a prep.¹ Compare in mid adv., in mid prep., which apparently result at least partly from reanalysis of forms at this entry, but compare also discussion at imid adv. and prep. Forms with initial e- such as those in the following quots. are probably to be interpreted as forms of imid adv. and prep. (perhaps showing lengthening of the i in an open syllable rather than further phonological reduction or lowering):a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4252 In all þe dedis þat he [sc. Joseph] did..drightin was him emid.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6612 Þai fand bot wormes creuland emid.

A. prep.

†a. With reference to physical location: in the centre, exactly or approximately, of. Obsolete or merged in sense A. 2.In later use chiefly poetic.Quot. OE³ shows hereamid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [preposition] > in the middle or midst (of)

amidOE

amidstc1300

imid1340

imiddes1340

in midst (of)a1556

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 181 Ealle hi beoð þe betæhte buton anum treowe þe stent onmiddan [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii on midden] neorxnawange.

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 55 Petrus wæs mid him on middan þam cafertune [OE Lindisf. Gospels on middum cæfertune; L. in medio atrio, Gk. ἐν μέσῳ τῆς αὐλῆς].

OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 8 He sæde þam men þe ða forscruncenan hand hæfde, aris & stand her amiddan. Þa aras he & stod.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 631 Þe keiser..bed bringen obrune an ad amidden þe burh.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 97 Þet trau of lyue, þet is amydde paradis.

a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3138 In A chapell A-mydde the quere That bold baron they beryed thare.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. v. 10 Amyd hys curss, thar as he went.

1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 9 The Oke amyd the palace yard ay faithfully too garde.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 218 And all amid them stood the Tree of Life.

1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 14 Amid the Circle, on the gilded Mast, Superior by the Head, was Ariel plac'd.

1846 J. Grant Romance of War III. iv. 116 The prisoner appeared amid the square surrounded by his escort.

b. Between, or in the space between (two things).In later use frequently with some admixture of sense A. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > between [preposition]

betwixt931

amidc1175

betweenc1200

itwixa1340

atwixtc1374

atweenc1400

to-tweenc1440

c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 20 Ða hæfde dauid ænne wyrttun þe wæs on midden Gessemani & montem oliueti.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 27 Leste heo þes deofles quarreaus habbe amidden þen eien.

a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 262 (MED) Þe goede corner-ston þat was amydde þe twey walles.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 106 The hegge that is amidde the twey weyes.

?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Av^v I came into a dale, Amid two mighty hils on eyther side.

1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 496 Amid Two Seas on One small Point of Land Weary'd, uncertain, and amaz'd We stand.

1897 J. B. Perkins France under Louis XV I. i. 35 M. d'Epinay walked into his antechamber amid two rows of parasites and protégés, dealers and merchants, [etc.].

a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien in C. Tolkien Hist. Middle-earth: Bk. Lost Tales (1983) I. v. 114 Now once more is council set and Manwë sitteth before the Gods there amid the Two Trees.

2007 B. Gibberd N.Y. Waters 107 Tugboats are..innately dangerous places—20,000 gallons of diesel fuel sitting amid two powerful, churning engines.

2. In the midst of; in the interior or central part of (something), as opposed to being at or near the edge.

a. With singular object. In later use only with a noun or pronoun denoting either a group or aggregation of individuals, or something regarded as constituting a surrounding medium or expanse.

ΚΠ

OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 114 Ic eom nu, drihten, swa swa nytenu onmiddan felde.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 515 (MED) Me weorp ham mid tis ilke word amidde þe leie.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13899 Arður lette slæn an teld a-midden ænne bradne ueld.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 143 Þe play of children a-midde þe strete.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 2745 (MED) Sche kept it [sc. her purpose] in ful cloos Amyd hir herte.

a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 79 In chambre amyd the paleys.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vi. 17 Amyd the wod his modir met thame tway.

1559 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Troas ii. iii. sig. Bvii With spede [Achilles] requighting hys abode and former long delaye, At Scyros yle and Lesbos both amid the Egeon sea.

1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iv. iv. 56 The Peeres of Plutoes realme assembled beene Amid the pallace of their angrie king.

1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 180 Amid the miry Gulph.

1763 J. Hoole tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered I. iii. 77 Thou..whose hostile fury glows On me alone amid this host of foes.

1840 H. W. Longfellow Flowers in Voices of Night ix Like Ruth amid the golden corn.

1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. II. xxi. 180 Bodies of vapour coming together over our mastheads, and compacting there..amid the stagnant air.

1919 D. Grant Single Track vi. 84 A hasty breakfast amid a noisy crowd of laborers and returning miners.

1957 D. Du Maurier Scapegoat v. 62 A small rounded building..stood isolated amid the grass in front of me.

2010 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 10 Sept. 26/6 The Toward boats ploughed home amid a bouncy swell.

b. With plural object. Surrounded by, among (things or people).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > position of being among > among [preposition]

amongeOE

amidOE

amongst1258

in (the) mids (of)a1382

in the middle ofc1384

amella1400

amidmonga1500

in the midst of1535

in midst (of)a1556

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xxii. 55 Accenso..igni..et circumsedentibus illis erat petrus in medio eorum : togeboetad wæs..ða fyr..& ymbsittendum ðæm wæs petrus on middum [OE Rushw. Gospels in middum] hiora.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xxxvii. 7 Me ðuhte..þæt min scef arise & stode upprihte on middan eowrum sceafum, & eowre gylmas stodon ymbutan.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 He..þe amidden his unwines leið him to slepen.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 2603 (MED) Þe rede rose..amyd þe herbes swote.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. viii. 30 He felt himself hapnit amyd his fone.

1595 T. Churchyard Musicall Consort: Churchyards Charitie 3 The harmles bird..That lights on lyme, amid greene birchen leaues.

1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue iii. 230 Like two Popplars which..their tressie Tops doe hide Amid the Clouds.

a1732 J. Gay Wks. (1745) I. 90 Suffer me..Amid thy bays to weave this rural weed.

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna i. xxii. 12 That strange boat..did sway Amid reflected stars that in the waters lay.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xv. 100 We were amid the wild chasms at the brow of the ice-fall.

1905 H. B. M. Watson Twisted Eglantine xiii. 226 The whole was set aback from the road, in ample grounds and amid umbrageous trees.

1975 National Geographic Apr. 500 (caption) Tick-tack-toe of a new apartment complex rises amid mud-and-wattle houses in Zanzibar town.

2011 New Yorker 7 Feb. 59/3 A..tree house nestled amid sprawling branches in a tropical forest.

3. Without reference to physical location: in a context, setting, etc., of; against a background of; in the course of, during. Cf. amidst prep. 3.

a. with singular object.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > circumstance [preposition] > amid (the circumstances)

amid?c1225

amidstc1400

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 211 Amidde þe redunge hwenne þe heorte likeð. kimeð up andeuociun þet is wurð Monie bonen.

a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 639 But al amyd [c1450 Fairfax amydde] his flateryng Wiþ his tayle, it wil styng.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. ix. 77 Amyd this deray, Thys hait fury of slauchtir and fell affray.

1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 90 When I amid mine ease did fall to such distemperate fits.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. i. 189 Amid this hurlie I intend, That all is done in reuerend care of her.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 48 Amid the choice Of all tasts else to please thir appetite.

1727 J. Thomson Summer 11 Thus to remain, Amid the Flux of many thousand Years.

1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. iv. 78 Keep her spirit pure amid it all.

1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos i. 12 The last voice heard amid the roll of apocalyptic thunders.

1951 L. P. Hartley My Fellow Devils xxvi. 264 For a moment, amid her multitudinous concern for the affair, she thought of its religious aspect.

2003 National Geographic Dec. 9 (caption) Amid growing dominance of computers in the cockpit, the ‘Blues’ are still flown by hand.

b. with plural object.

ΚΠ

a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 97 (MED) He..hertely helde hym amyd al the Perelis al-one.

1584 W. Averell Dyall for Dainty Darlings 18 Amidde many pleasures, the aucthour of fortune, sendeth some displeasures.

1627 R. Sanderson Serm. I. 265 Those general truths, which by the mercy of God were preserved amid the foulest overspreadings of popery.

1719 E. Young Busiris i. 2 How wanton sits she amid Nature's Smiles!

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. viii. 166 The carriage drove off amid the good wishes of the two remaining ladies.

1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. ii. iii. 162 Hope..still cheered him amid his labours.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xli. 196 Amid the jeers of the philistines and the hisses of the pompiers, the academicians, and the public.

1987 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 7 June 33/1 This joust in the ongoing war between teenagers and grown-ups takes place amid the prejudices of a small country town.

2011 D. Poyer Towers 5 NATO was pulling out of Macedonia amid predictions of sectarian massacres.

B. adv.

In or at the middle; in the midst. In later use only with of (cf. amidst adv. 2). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [adverb] > in the middle or midst

amidOE

tomidsOE

midwardOE

amidstc1300

in midsc1400

midc1425

midsc1425

in mida1500

midmost1700

amidmost1870

midst1883

midwards1892

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John xx. 19 Uenit iesus et stetit in medio : cuom se hælend & stod on middum.

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. v. 44 Þa gefylde he mid wætre þære cyrcan cyllan & sette tapor onmiddan.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4066 Þe stæf to-bræc amidden [c1300 Otho amidde].

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 318 (MED) A temple hii vovnde vair inou & a mamet amidde.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 7006 Al amydde I bilde and mak My hous.

1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) vi. sig. tv^v/1 Marryus..Brake his gatys amyd [?a1439 Bodl. 263 amyddis] of the toun.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 126 Baith atanys Kest fragrant smell amyd from goldyn granys.

1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) ii. vii. 274 Amid betweene the violent Robber..and the miching theefe..standeth the crafty cutpurse.

1807 Literary Panorama Nov. 245 The rudiments of civilization..are established amid wilds and mountains, amid of the Grampians themselves.

1853 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Homes of New World II. xxx. 138 The new man of the New World stands amid upon the line of separation between the powers of this world.

2002 H. Regensteiner tr. T. Herzl Journalistic Stories ii. 134 Street cleaning amid of great traffic, that is the duty of little boys.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	amid
释义	amidprep.adv. Brit. /əˈmɪd/, U.S. /əˈmɪd/ Forms: (Word division in Old English and Middle English examples frequently reflects editorial choices of modern editors of texts, rather than the practice of the manuscripts.) α. Old English anmiddan (rare), Old English omiddan (rare), Old English onmiddan, Old English on middum, Old English onmyddan, Old English–early Middle English on middan, Old English–early Middle English on midden, late Old English on middæn, late Old English on myddæn. β. Old English onmidd (rare), Old English on mydde (rare), Old English–early Middle English on midde. γ. Old English amiddan (rare), early Middle English a-midden, Middle English amidden. δ. early Middle English a midde, Middle English a-midde, Middle English amide, Middle English a-myd, Middle English a-mydde, Middle English amydde, Middle English a-myde, Middle English amyde, Middle English omyd, Middle English–1500s amidde, Middle English–1500s amyd, Middle English– amid, 1500s a midd; Scottish pre-1700 amyd, pre-1700 1700s– amid. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding Etymons: on prep., mid n.¹, mid adj. Etymology: Probably partly (i) < on prep. + the dative singular of mid n.¹ (compare mid n.¹ 1 and discussion of the weak feminine noun at that entry), and partly (ii) < on prep. + the dative singular of mid adj., with syntactic reanalysis of constructions as in mid adj. 1a, 1b. Compare Old High German an mittēm , an mittemo in the middle. Compare imid adv. and prep., in mid adv., and in mid prep. Development of use as preposition. The word reflects grammaticalization of a prepositional phrase. In Old English the word is most clearly grammaticalized as a preposition in use with the dative, while uses with the genitive and as adverb can alternatively be interpreted as showing the phrase rather than the compound (and hence are treated at mid adj., n.¹, and adv.²). The fluidity and ambiguity of such constructions in Old English is further shown by attestations of on..middan , such as the following:OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat Ælfric's Lives of Saints (1900) II. 94 Þa wæs þær an mycel burh on heora wege middan. With the development as preposition compare use of Old High German an mittēm , an mittemo (with genitive), and the more common in mittamen in the middle (of), amid (Middle High German enmitten , German inmitten ; compare in prep.). In early use in English sometimes translating classical Latin in mediō in the middle (see in medio adv.; also in medium ), which also occurs in construction with the genitive (compare quots. OE¹ at sense A. 2b, OE¹ at sense B.). Compare also ancient Greek ἐν μέσῳ in similar sense and construction. Form history. The α. forms chiefly show the Old English weak dative singular ending -an in the second element, but already in Old English it is not always possible to distinguish this from phonologically reduced forms of strong dative singular (masculine and neuter) -um . The earliest β. forms perhaps reflect other case forms of mid adj. 1a, but they and the δ. forms chiefly show further phonological reduction of -an . The γ. and δ. forms show phonological reduction of the first element; compare a- prefix³ and a prep.¹ Compare in mid adv., in mid prep., which apparently result at least partly from reanalysis of forms at this entry, but compare also discussion at imid adv. and prep. Forms with initial e- such as those in the following quots. are probably to be interpreted as forms of imid adv. and prep. (perhaps showing lengthening of the i in an open syllable rather than further phonological reduction or lowering):a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4252 In all þe dedis þat he [sc. Joseph] did..drightin was him emid.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6612 Þai fand bot wormes creuland emid. A. prep. 1. †a. With reference to physical location: in the centre, exactly or approximately, of. Obsolete or merged in sense A. 2.In later use chiefly poetic.Quot. OE³ shows hereamid. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [preposition] > in the middle or midst (of) amidOE amidstc1300 imid1340 imiddes1340 in midst (of)a1556 OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) i. 181 Ealle hi beoð þe betæhte buton anum treowe þe stent onmiddan [a1225 Vesp. A.xxii on midden] neorxnawange. OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxii. 55 Petrus wæs mid him on middan þam cafertune [OE Lindisf. Gospels on middum cæfertune; L. in medio atrio, Gk. ἐν μέσῳ τῆς αὐλῆς]. OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) vi. 8 He sæde þam men þe ða forscruncenan hand hæfde, aris & stand her amiddan. Þa aras he & stod. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 631 Þe keiser..bed bringen obrune an ad amidden þe burh. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 97 Þet trau of lyue, þet is amydde paradis. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) l. 3138 In A chapell A-mydde the quere That bold baron they beryed thare. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. v. 10 Amyd hys curss, thar as he went. 1565 A. Golding tr. Ovid Fyrst Fower Bks. Metamorphosis i. f. 9 The Oke amyd the palace yard ay faithfully too garde. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 218 And all amid them stood the Tree of Life. View more context for this quotation 1714 A. Pope Rape of Lock (new ed.) ii. 14 Amid the Circle, on the gilded Mast, Superior by the Head, was Ariel plac'd. 1846 J. Grant Romance of War III. iv. 116 The prisoner appeared amid the square surrounded by his escort. b. Between, or in the space between (two things).In later use frequently with some admixture of sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > between [preposition] betwixt931 amidc1175 betweenc1200 itwixa1340 atwixtc1374 atweenc1400 to-tweenc1440 c1175 ( Homily: Hist. Holy Rood-tree (Bodl. 343) (1894) 20 Ða hæfde dauid ænne wyrttun þe wæs on midden Gessemani & montem oliueti. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 27 Leste heo þes deofles quarreaus habbe amidden þen eien. a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) l. 262 (MED) Þe goede corner-ston þat was amydde þe twey walles. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 106 The hegge that is amidde the twey weyes. ?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Av^v I came into a dale, Amid two mighty hils on eyther side. 1718 M. Prior Solomon on Vanity iii, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 496 Amid Two Seas on One small Point of Land Weary'd, uncertain, and amaz'd We stand. 1897 J. B. Perkins France under Louis XV I. i. 35 M. d'Epinay walked into his antechamber amid two rows of parasites and protégés, dealers and merchants, [etc.]. a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien in C. Tolkien Hist. Middle-earth: Bk. Lost Tales (1983) I. v. 114 Now once more is council set and Manwë sitteth before the Gods there amid the Two Trees. 2007 B. Gibberd N.Y. Waters 107 Tugboats are..innately dangerous places—20,000 gallons of diesel fuel sitting amid two powerful, churning engines. 2. In the midst of; in the interior or central part of (something), as opposed to being at or near the edge. a. With singular object. In later use only with a noun or pronoun denoting either a group or aggregation of individuals, or something regarded as constituting a surrounding medium or expanse. ΚΠ OE St. Margaret (Tiber.) (1994) 114 Ic eom nu, drihten, swa swa nytenu onmiddan felde. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 515 (MED) Me weorp ham mid tis ilke word amidde þe leie. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13899 Arður lette slæn an teld a-midden ænne bradne ueld. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 143 Þe play of children a-midde þe strete. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 2745 (MED) Sche kept it [sc. her purpose] in ful cloos Amyd hir herte. a1450 (c1385) G. Chaucer Complaint of Mars (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 79 In chambre amyd the paleys. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. vi. 17 Amyd the wod his modir met thame tway. 1559 J. Heywood tr. Seneca Troas ii. iii. sig. Bvii With spede [Achilles] requighting hys abode and former long delaye, At Scyros yle and Lesbos both amid the Egeon sea. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iv. iv. 56 The Peeres of Plutoes realme assembled beene Amid the pallace of their angrie king. 1744 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons (new ed.) 180 Amid the miry Gulph. 1763 J. Hoole tr. T. Tasso Jerusalem Delivered I. iii. 77 Thou..whose hostile fury glows On me alone amid this host of foes. 1840 H. W. Longfellow Flowers in Voices of Night ix Like Ruth amid the golden corn. 1890 W. C. Russell Ocean Trag. II. xxi. 180 Bodies of vapour coming together over our mastheads, and compacting there..amid the stagnant air. 1919 D. Grant Single Track vi. 84 A hasty breakfast amid a noisy crowd of laborers and returning miners. 1957 D. Du Maurier Scapegoat v. 62 A small rounded building..stood isolated amid the grass in front of me. 2010 Dunoon Observer & Argyllshire Standard 10 Sept. 26/6 The Toward boats ploughed home amid a bouncy swell. b. With plural object. Surrounded by, among (things or people). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition or fact of being interjacent > position of being among > among [preposition] amongeOE amidOE amongst1258 in (the) mids (of)a1382 in the middle ofc1384 amella1400 amidmonga1500 in the midst of1535 in midst (of)a1556 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Luke xxii. 55 Accenso..igni..et circumsedentibus illis erat petrus in medio eorum : togeboetad wæs..ða fyr..& ymbsittendum ðæm wæs petrus on middum [OE Rushw. Gospels in middum] hiora. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xxxvii. 7 Me ðuhte..þæt min scef arise & stode upprihte on middan eowrum sceafum, & eowre gylmas stodon ymbutan. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 199 He..þe amidden his unwines leið him to slepen. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 2603 (MED) Þe rede rose..amyd þe herbes swote. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. viii. 30 He felt himself hapnit amyd his fone. 1595 T. Churchyard Musicall Consort: Churchyards Charitie 3 The harmles bird..That lights on lyme, amid greene birchen leaues. 1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue iii. 230 Like two Popplars which..their tressie Tops doe hide Amid the Clouds. a1732 J. Gay Wks. (1745) I. 90 Suffer me..Amid thy bays to weave this rural weed. 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna i. xxii. 12 That strange boat..did sway Amid reflected stars that in the waters lay. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xv. 100 We were amid the wild chasms at the brow of the ice-fall. 1905 H. B. M. Watson Twisted Eglantine xiii. 226 The whole was set aback from the road, in ample grounds and amid umbrageous trees. 1975 National Geographic Apr. 500 (caption) Tick-tack-toe of a new apartment complex rises amid mud-and-wattle houses in Zanzibar town. 2011 New Yorker 7 Feb. 59/3 A..tree house nestled amid sprawling branches in a tropical forest. 3. Without reference to physical location: in a context, setting, etc., of; against a background of; in the course of, during. Cf. amidst prep. 3. a. with singular object. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > circumstance [preposition] > amid (the circumstances) amid?c1225 amidstc1400 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 211 Amidde þe redunge hwenne þe heorte likeð. kimeð up andeuociun þet is wurð Monie bonen. a1450 ( G. Chaucer Bk. Duchess (Tanner 346) (1871) l. 639 But al amyd [c1450 Fairfax amydde] his flateryng Wiþ his tayle, it wil styng. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. ix. 77 Amyd this deray, Thys hait fury of slauchtir and fell affray. 1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes (new ed.) f. 90 When I amid mine ease did fall to such distemperate fits. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) iv. i. 189 Amid this hurlie I intend, That all is done in reuerend care of her. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 48 Amid the choice Of all tasts else to please thir appetite. View more context for this quotation 1727 J. Thomson Summer 11 Thus to remain, Amid the Flux of many thousand Years. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. iv. 78 Keep her spirit pure amid it all. 1871 J. R. Macduff Memories of Patmos i. 12 The last voice heard amid the roll of apocalyptic thunders. 1951 L. P. Hartley My Fellow Devils xxvi. 264 For a moment, amid her multitudinous concern for the affair, she thought of its religious aspect. 2003 National Geographic Dec. 9 (caption) Amid growing dominance of computers in the cockpit, the ‘Blues’ are still flown by hand. b. with plural object. ΚΠ a1500 Eng. Conquest Ireland (Rawl.) (1896) 97 (MED) He..hertely helde hym amyd al the Perelis al-one. 1584 W. Averell Dyall for Dainty Darlings 18 Amidde many pleasures, the aucthour of fortune, sendeth some displeasures. 1627 R. Sanderson Serm. I. 265 Those general truths, which by the mercy of God were preserved amid the foulest overspreadings of popery. 1719 E. Young Busiris i. 2 How wanton sits she amid Nature's Smiles! 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park I. viii. 166 The carriage drove off amid the good wishes of the two remaining ladies. View more context for this quotation 1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. ii. iii. 162 Hope..still cheered him amid his labours. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xli. 196 Amid the jeers of the philistines and the hisses of the pompiers, the academicians, and the public. 1987 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 7 June 33/1 This joust in the ongoing war between teenagers and grown-ups takes place amid the prejudices of a small country town. 2011 D. Poyer Towers 5 NATO was pulling out of Macedonia amid predictions of sectarian massacres. B. adv. In or at the middle; in the midst. In later use only with of (cf. amidst adv. 2). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [adverb] > in the middle or midst amidOE tomidsOE midwardOE amidstc1300 in midsc1400 midc1425 midsc1425 in mida1500 midmost1700 amidmost1870 midst1883 midwards1892 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John xx. 19 Uenit iesus et stetit in medio : cuom se hælend & stod on middum. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) i. v. 44 Þa gefylde he mid wætre þære cyrcan cyllan & sette tapor onmiddan. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4066 Þe stæf to-bræc amidden [c1300 Otho amidde]. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 318 (MED) A temple hii vovnde vair inou & a mamet amidde. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 7006 Al amydde I bilde and mak My hous. 1494 Lydgate's Falle of Princis (Pynson) vi. sig. tv^v/1 Marryus..Brake his gatys amyd [?a1439 Bodl. 263 amyddis] of the toun. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. Prol. 126 Baith atanys Kest fragrant smell amyd from goldyn granys. 1588 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (new ed.) ii. vii. 274 Amid betweene the violent Robber..and the miching theefe..standeth the crafty cutpurse. 1807 Literary Panorama Nov. 245 The rudiments of civilization..are established amid wilds and mountains, amid of the Grampians themselves. 1853 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Homes of New World II. xxx. 138 The new man of the New World stands amid upon the line of separation between the powers of this world. 2002 H. Regensteiner tr. T. Herzl Journalistic Stories ii. 134 Street cleaning amid of great traffic, that is the duty of little boys. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > see also also refers to : amid-comb. form < prep.adv.OE see also
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amidprep.adv.

> see also