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单词 develop
释义

developv.

Brit. /dᵻˈvɛləp/, U.S. /dəˈvɛləp/, /diˈvɛləp/
Inflections: Past tense and past participle developed; present participle developing;
Forms: 1600s devellope, 1600s–1700s (1800s nonstandard) devellop, 1600s– develop, 1600s– develope (now nonstandard), 1700s– developped (past tense and past participle, now nonstandard), 1700s– developping (present participle, now nonstandard).
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French développer.
Etymology: < French développer to free (a person from something), to unwrap (something), to unfurl, open out (something) (all 12th cent. in Old French), to expound (something) in detail (14th cent. in an isolated attestation, subsequently from 1671), to explain, explicate, reveal the meaning of (something) (end of the 13th cent. or earlier in Anglo-Norman, second half of the 15th cent. in Middle French; rare before late 17th cent.), to cause oneself to grow (1662, reflexive), to flatten out (a curved surface) (1675), to explain (a theory or idea) in detail (late 17th cent.), to expand (an algebraic expression) into the form of a series (1754), (of a series of organisms) to evolve (second half of the 18th cent.) < des- des- prefix + -voleper (in envoleper envelop v.: for the further etymology, see discussion at that entry). Earlier forms of the French verb include: Anglo-Norman devoluper , Anglo-Norman and Old French desvoloper , desvoluper , Old French, Middle French desvoleper , Middle French desvolopper , Middle French, French †desveloper , †desvelopper , †developper . Compare earlier disvelop v.Compare Italian sviluppare, in a similar range of senses (1483, earliest in sense ‘to unwrap’).
I. To disclose, open out, and related senses.
1.
a. transitive. To discover or find out for oneself (something previously concealed or unknown, as a person's true character, an undiscovered fact, etc.). Now rare (chiefly U.S.).Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > find out, discover [verb (transitive)]
seeOE
fanda1000
finda1200
kenc1330
lenda1350
agropea1393
contrive1393
to find outc1405
outsearch?a1439
ripec1440
inventc1475
disclose?a1500
fish1531
agnize?1570
discover1585
to grope out1590
out-find1590
expiscate1598
vent1611
to learn out1629
to get to know1643
develop1653
ascertain1794
stag1796
root1866
to get a line on1903
establish1919
the world > action or operation > endeavour > searching or seeking > finding or discovery > find or discover [verb (transitive)] > a thing or person hidden
decipher1528
disclose1599
develop1653
1653 R. Mason in J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis (rev. ed.) Let. to Author sig. **4 Your ingenious peregrination through the World,..peeping into every latibulum and solitary bush to devellope the effects and incongruous results of the phantasticall projects of (the now little better then the perfecter sort of ape called Man).
1756 Monitor No. 35 The reader will have the pleasure of flattering his sagacity in developing the concealed meaning.
1764 tr. J.-F. Marmontel Moral Tales I. 231 Cleon, who wanted still to develop the character of Aristus.
1786 A. M. Bennett Juvenile Indiscretions I. 172 No great penetration was required to develope the writer of this friendly billet.
1796 J. Moser Hermit of Caucasus I. 27 ‘Here,’ said Ismael, ‘is a recess which I hope is impossible to be develop'd.’
1822 E. Nathan Langreath I. 202 He did not possess the tact of developing in an instant the weakness of the human heart.
1864 P. H. Sheridan Telegram 13 Sept. in P. C. Headley Life & Mil. Career Major-Gen. P. H. Sheridan (1865) xi. 220 I sent General Getty's division of the Sixth corps..to the crossing of the Summit Point and Winchester Road over the Opequan Creek, to develop the force of the enemy at the crossing.
1975 Washington Post 19 Nov. The man in charge ‘wanted to impress Jenkins..with the bureau's ability to develop information.’
2008 Pract. Tax Strategies Mar. 180/2 The IRS initiates its evaluation of a claim by considering the information provided in light of facts developed by the IRS in investigating the claim.
b. transitive. To reveal (something previously undisclosed); to make known. Now rare (chiefly U.S.). Cf. disvelop v. 2.Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)]
unwryc825
unhelec1000
to draw forthc1175
unhillc1200
to bring forth?c1225
unsteekc1250
let witc1275
uncovera1300
wraya1300
knowc1300
barea1325
shrivec1374
unwrapc1374
again-covera1382
nakena1382
outc1390
tellc1390
disclosea1393
cough1393
unhidea1400
unclosec1400
unhaspc1400
bewrayc1405
reveal1409
accusea1413
reveil1424
unlocka1425
unrekec1425
disclude?1440
uncurec1440
utter1444
detect1447
break1463
expose1483
divinec1500
revelate1514
to bring (also put) to light1526
decipher1529
rake1547
rip1549
unshadow1550
to lay to sight1563
uppen1565
unlace1567
unvisor?1571
resign1572
uncloak1574
disshroud1577
spill1577
reap1578
unrip1579
scour1585
unharboura1586
unmask1586
uncase1587
descrya1591
unclasp?1592
unrive1592
discover1594
unburden1594
untomb1594
unhusk1596
dismask1598
to open upc1600
untruss1600
divulge1602
unshale1606
unbrace1607
unveil1609
rave1610
disveil1611
unface1611
unsecret1612
unvizard1620
to open up1624
uncurtain1628
unscreen1628
unbare1630
disenvelop1632
unclothe1632
to lay forth1633
unshroud1633
unmuffle1637
midwife1638
dissecret1640
unseal1640
unmantle1643
to fetch out1644
undisguise1655
disvelop1658
decorticate1660
clash1667
exert1692
disinter1711
to up with1715
unbundlea1739
develop1741
disembosom1745
to open out1814
to let out1833
unsack1846
uncrown1849
to bring (out) in (also into) the open1861
unfrock1866
disbosom1868
to blow the lid off1928
flush1950
surface1955
to take or pull the wraps off1964
1741 tr. N. Gedoyn in tr. Select Disc. Acad. Belles Lettres 394 The Terms Urbanus and Urbanitas in Latin, are Words which have very confuted, undetermined Ideas affixed to them. I propose in this Discourse to develop their Meaning.
1742 A. Pope New Dunciad 259 Then take him to devellop, if you can, And hew the Block off, and get out the Man.
1789 T. Jefferson Let. 8 Jan. in Writings (1859) II. 554 To appeal to the nation, and to develop to it the ruin of their finances.
1799 Times 25 Feb. 2/2 But the public surprise at this inconsistency will vanish, when it is developed, that the lenient system was pursued to keep up public terror.
1804 Sydney Gaz. 29 July 2 It was his intention, in case of emergency to have developed the mysteries of his coffer, and to have indulged all hands with an agreeable surprise.
1812 J. J. Henry Accurate Acct. Campaign against Quebec 156 Others proposed to wear away the ice by boiling water; two most obvious objections lay here: the steam would search for a vent through the crevice of the door, and window, and develop our measures.
1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) xvii. 175 Nathaniel Pipkin determined, that, come what might, he would develope the state of his feelings.
1887 Brooklyn Daily Eagle 3 Apr. The occasion develops the startling fact that the mysterious disappearances..are of constant occurrence in nearly every community.
1911 Proc. Illinois Bar Assoc. 387 To the end that he may develop, reveal and make manifest the divine.
1932 T. J. Grayson Leaders & Periods Amer. Finance v. 95 He did develop the fact that enormous lump sum appropriations had been made.
†c. transitive. To remove (that which conceals something). Obsolete.In quots. 17791 and 17792 as part of extended metaphors; cf. sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)]
distendc1400
outstretcha1567
extend1569
develop1779
1779 Duchess of Devonshire Sylph I. 192 Nor will the signature contribute to develop the cloud behind which I chuse to conceal myself.
1779 Duchess of Devonshire Sylph II. 41 If he should have..developed the thin veil I spread over the feelings I have laboured..to overcome.
1786 A. M. Bennett Juvenile Indiscretions III. 41 Nor is it necessary they should have the trouble of developing the obscurity of my character.
d. intransitive. Originally and chiefly U.S. To come to light, become known. Frequently with it as anticipatory subject and that-clause as complement: to transpire, emerge. Cf. evolve v. 9.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or make revelations [verb (intransitive)] > be disclosed or revealed
to come to (also in, on) (the) lightOE
sutelea1000
kitheOE
unfoldc1350
disclosea1513
burst1542
to break up1584
to take vent1611
vent1622
bleed1645
emerge1664
to get (also have) vent1668
to get or take wind1668
to stand (appear) confessed1708
eclat1736
perspire1748
transpire1748
to come out1751
develop1805
unroll1807
spunk1808
effloresce1834
to come to the front1871
to show up1879
out1894
evolve1920
to come or crawl out of the woodwork1964
1805 Goshen (Indiana) Mid-week News 17 Apr. It developed that the bride and groom-elect left the city the night before and were married some place out of town.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. 366/1 The plans of the conspirators develop.
1886 N.Y. Times 22 July 5 It develops that Hines deliberately murdered Dean while the two were picking blackberries.
1903 N.Y. Evening Post 17 Sept. A new feature of the shooting developed to-day, when it was discovered that [etc.].
1909 Times Engin. Suppl. 17 Mar. 17/5 It develops that that decision was wise, for, as work has progressed, conditions not anticipated in the assumptions have confirmed it.
1973 Sci. Amer. May 44/3 It developed that early in April one of the kitchen's two exhaust fans had been turned around.
2001 Santa Fe New Mexican 12 July 68/2 It develops that there's a Haredi widow in Belgium ready and willing to fill the void.
2.
†a. transitive. literal. To open out (something folded or rolled up); spec. to unfurl (a banner or flag) (cf. disvelop v. 1). Also: to remove the covering or wrapping from; to unwrap. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > extend [verb (transitive)] > unfurl or unfold
unfoldc890
untrenda1272
displayc1330
splayc1330
unplyc1330
outrolla1393
unlapa1400
unplight?c1400
unrollc1425
deploy1477
to shake outc1550
explicate1562
disvelop1592
unfurl1641
develop1656
unwrap1807
unshroud1846
to roll out1849
1656 [implied in: T. Blount Glossographia Developed (Fr. desvelopé), unwrapped, unfolded, undone, displaied, opened. (at 1656 at developed adj. 1)].
1661 [implied in: T. Blount Glossographia (ed. 2) Developed (Fr. desvelopé), unwrapped... It is the proper term for spreading or displaying an Ensign in war. (at 1656 at developed adj. 1)].
1755 ‘S. Scriblerus’ Censor 12 After entering our Instruments at the Pericardium, we developed the Heart.
1794 E. Gunning Packet I. 32 I must suppose he returned to the contents of the packet in the same hurry of spirits with which he first developed them.
1814 J. West Alicia de Lacy III. 94 The red rose banner was developed in front of the Lancasterian army.
1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) xx. 265 So depicted upon the Standard as to appear correct when it was developed by the wind.
b. transitive. Geometry. To map (a curved surface, esp. that of a cylinder or cone) onto a plane surface in such a way that no distortions or discontinuities occur.
ΚΠ
1811 J. Pond tr. S. F. Lacroix in J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (ed. 3) I. Introd. p. xxvii/2 The drawing of these maps may be effected without difficulty, as soon as the position of the terrestrial parallel to be developed is fixed.
1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §139 The term ‘Developable Surface’ is commonly restricted to such inextensible surfaces as can be developed into a plane, or, in common language, ‘smoothed flat’.
1912 R. J. T. Bell Elem. Treat. Coordinate Geom. (ed. 2) xiv. 305 The cone is then developed into a plane.
1940 M. Tornich Radius Action Aircraft Appendix B. 113 This projection is developed upon a plane, tangent at the most desirable point for the area it covers.
2015 J. Casey in R. Fosdick & E. Fried Mech. Ribbons & Möbius Bands 216 Develop the surface D on a Euclidean plane.
†3. transitive. To bring out what is implicitly contained in; spec. to explain in detail, elaborate on (an idea, theory, etc.); to explicate. Obsolete.In some early quots. difficult to distinguish from sense 1b.The specific sense relating to the explanation of or elaboration on an idea, theory, etc., has now merged with senses 5a and 8a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] > by bringing out what is potential
educt1568
educe1603
develop1714
to work out1821
1714 R. North Gentleman Accomptant 46 This Speculation..must be made out, by putting such hard Cases, and then shewing, how they may be developed in that Accompt, which will not edify those to whom I chiefly write.
1740 G. Turnbull Impartial Enq. Moral Char. Jesus Christ 64 I am willing to go on with you in the enquiry, and to develop to you what I take to be Christ's own argument for the truth of his mission and doctrine.
1791 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. 10 Dec. 1790 5 To develope the latent excellencies, and draw out the interior principles of our art, requires more skill and practice in writing, than is likely to be possessed by a man perpetually occupied in the use of the pencil and the pallet.
1848 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth 2nd Ser. (ed. 2) 4 One may develope an idea..But one cannot add to it, least of all in another age.
1873 M. Arnold Lit. & Dogma v. 125 Learned religion elucidates and developes the relation of the Son to the Father.
4. Photography.
a. transitive. To reveal (a latent image) by chemically treating a photographic film or plate on which it is recorded. Also in extended use, with reference to digital photography. Occasionally intransitive with object implied.In quot. 1841 used reflexively.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > [verb (transitive)] > develop
develop1841
redevelop1889
1841 W. H. F. Talbot Let. 19 Feb. in London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 19 90 The picture had unexpectedly developed itself by a spontaneous action.
1844 R. Hunt in 14th Rep. Brit. Assoc. (1845) ii. 36 On the Ferrotype, and the Property of Sulphate of Iron in developing Photographic Images.
1845 Athenæum 22 Feb. 203/1 All bodies are capable of photographic disturbance, and might be used for the production of pictures—did we know of easy methods by which the pictures might be developed.
1867 G. F. Chambers Descr. Astron. vii. vii. 696 I prefer to develope with an iron solution.
1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xliii. 863 When the image has been developed sufficiently the negative picture is fixed by dissolving out the unchanged silver salt in a bath of sodium thiosulphate or ‘hypo’.
1983 P. Rowland Underwater Photographer's Handbk. i. 73 Internegatives are made by taking a photograph of the transparency with black and white negative film and developing the image.
2000 DigitalFoto Oct. 106/1 Since each color..has a different level of heat sensitivity, the paper passes under the heating element three times to ‘develop’ the image.
b. intransitive. Of a latent image recorded on a photographic film or plate: to become visible. Of a photographic film or plate: to produce a visible image from the latent image recorded upon it.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > photographic processes > be developed [verb (intransitive)]
develop1848
to come out1853
1848 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 24 June 403/2 If, after one or two minutes' exposure to the mercury, we perceive the image is too rapidly developing..we have only to stop the accumulation of mercury by exposing the plate for a few seconds to the red light, and again place it in the mercury box.
c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 160/1 A plate well washed..develops cleaner, than one washed insufficiently.
1935 Washington Post 21 July 5/5 If the print develops to a green or olive tone, the exposure was probably excessive.
1983 N.Y. Times 11 Sept. 42/5 Watching a print develop after it comes out of an instant camera is fascinating to most people.
2010 Successful Wedding Photographer vi. 86 Chris used the Polaroid to take pictures of anything that caught his eye, amazed at the process of capturing images and excited at being able to see them develop in front of him.
c. transitive. To chemically treat (a photographic film or plate) in order to reveal the latent image recorded on it.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > treatment of plates, films, or paper > [verb (transitive)]
mercurialize1843
actinize1844
albumenize1850
sensitize1851
wax1853
develop1859
sensibilize1860
organify1873
back1878
salt1878
excite1879
talc1888
alum1889
bleach1889
fume1890
orthochromatize1890
flash1903
pre-expose1925
hypersensitize1954
panchromatize1960
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany 48 He went to and fro to develope the plates and prepare new ones.
c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 160/2 The plate can be developed for hours or days.
1914 Pop. Mech. Sept. 22/1 (advt.) We will develop film and also make 6 pictures from best negatives.
1950 Spectator 31 Mar. 434/2 When they tried to develop films on board, the films were ruined.
2014 D. Hayward Portrait in Stone ii. 13 Her dad had converted a shed and made it into a dark room for her so that she could develop her own film.
d. transitive. To produce (a photographic print); to produce a photographic print from (a film, data file, etc.).
ΚΠ
1925 Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 28/1 While the plane flew back to the firing line, he developed his print.
1950 N.Y. Times 11 Dec. 11/3 They took numerous photographs, which, when developed, will add to the none-too-plentiful knowledge of Everest.
2005 Prima Aug. 79/2 Nowadays, it's easier than ever to take your memory card (used instead of film) into a photo processing shop and get your photos developed.
II. To grow or cause to grow, so as to become more advanced, elaborate, or mature; to bring or come into existence.
5.
a.
(a) transitive. To bring (something) to a fuller or more advanced state; to improve, extend.
ΚΠ
1741 tr. L. Racine in tr. Select Disc. Acad. Belles Lettres 36 Men recovered the Habitude of Thinking, which they had lost; and at the same time learned to develop and express their Thoughts.
1750 W. Warburton Julian Introd. p. xxxviii To instruct us in the history of the human mind, and to assist us in developing its faculties.
1779 D. Williams tr. Voltaire Treat. Toleration iii. 16 We owe to them [sc. those who are called heretics] that the human mind was developed, after having been a great while buried in the grossest barbarism.
1826 G. L. Smyth Monuments & Genii St. Paul's Cathedral & Westm. Abbey II. 705 The rapidity with which he [sc. Newton] developed the extraordinary powers of his mind, far exceeded the most sanguine expectations of his friends.
1852 Mass. Teacher 5 263 When, by special nursing, the body of a child can be developed into full and hardy manhood in a few months, we shall be partially prepared for a greater wonder—a mind matured by some improved system of training in the same period of time.
1885 Manch. Examiner 10 July 5/3 The trade might be developed to almost any extent.
1916 Automobile 30 Nov. 927/1 The possibilities of this country as a field for the United States of America car manufacturer are very great..and, if properly developed, the trade of our automobile industry with Denmark should grow to very large proportions.
1952 H. O. Ronken & P. R. Lawrence Administering Changes ix. 317 Only the administrator who is interested in developing his skills of self-awareness will be able to act in ways that take these into account.
1971 R. Brewer Approach to Print xiii. 151 The printing plant itself can be centrally developed to an advanced stage of efficiency.
1994 Indian Country Today 29 Dec. b3/1 Developing the potential of eco-tourism in this area will create jobs for local people.
2004 Time Out N.Y. 4 Nov. 161/2 We have so much more time to develop the character and get hyperdetailed about the various sides of this guy's life.
(b) transitive. Of circumstances, conditions, events, etc.: to cause to grow or come into active existence or operation; to bring into being or give rise to (a quality, resource, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > evolve or develop
unplight?c1400
develop1752
evolve1805
to bring up1823
evolute1874
1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 182 But the Communication which is opened for it with the subtile exterior Fluids, rouses this Matter which is in a State of Inactivity, develops its Spring, kindles it somewhat in the Manner of the Phosphorus, [etc.].
1800 Observ. Commerce Spain 25 Time developed the unjust pretensions of the merchants.
1834 H. Martineau Moral Many Fables i. 5 Not only new materials, but fresh powers are discovered, which..develop further resources, and confound our imaginations with the prospect of the wealth which awaits man's reception.
1844 R. W. Emerson Ess. 2nd Ser. vii. 231 Wild liberty develops iron conscience. Want of liberty..stupefies conscience.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xxiii. 601 No one either produced in excess, in the hopes of stimulating a new market, or bought in excess, in the hope either that a new set of customers might be developed or a larger profit attained.
1868 A. Bain Mental & Moral Sci. 630 The situations of different ages and countries develop characteristic qualities.
1918 A. G. Gardiner Leaves in Wind 121 ‘It is as though war develops another integument,’ he said. ‘Your sensibilities are atrophied.’
1956 Life 2 Apr. 28/1 Adlai Stevenson, wryly admitting his failure.., agreed that ‘handshaking develops identity between the shaker and the shakee’.
1988 Pope John Paul II Mulieris Dignitatem §18 It is commonly thought that women are more capable than men of paying attention to another person, and that motherhood develops this predisposition even more.
(c) transitive. To acquire (a quality, ability, etc.), gradually or by successive stages. Also: to start to have or experience.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > manifestation > [verb (transitive)]
uppec897
atewOE
sutelec1000
openOE
awnc1175
kithec1175
forthteec1200
tawnec1220
let witc1275
forthshowa1300
to pilt out?a1300
showa1300
barea1325
mythc1330
unfoldc1374
to open outc1390
assign1398
mustera1400
reyve?a1400
vouchc1400
manifest?a1425
outshowc1425
ostendc1429
explayc1443
objecta1500
reveala1500
patefy?1509
decipher1529
relieve1533
to set outa1540
utter1542
report1548
unbuckle1548
to set forth1551
demonstrate1553
to hold forth1560
testify1560
explicate1565
forthsetc1565
to give show of1567
denudec1572
exhibit1573
apparent1577
display?1578
carry1580
cipher1583
laya1586
foreshow1590
uncloud?1594
vision1594
explain1597
proclaim1597
unroll1598
discloud1600
remonstrate1601
resent1602
to bring out1608
palesate1613
pronounce1615
to speak out1623
elicit1641
confess1646
bear1657
breathe1667
outplay1702
to throw out1741
evolve1744
announce1781
develop1806
exfoliate1808
evince1829
exposit1882
pack1925
1806 B. C. Walpole Recoll. Life Charles James Fox 19 Here, too, he is said to have developed a peculiar taste for dissipation.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Witch of Atlas xxxvi, in Posthumous Poems (1824) 41 In its growth It seemed to have developed no defect Of either sex.
1875 A. Helps Social Pressure iv. 63 When that man has an object, it is astonishing what ambulatory powers he can develop.
1885 Manch. Examiner 6 Apr. 5/3 Indignant jurymen have recently developed a quite unusual tendency to write letters to the newspapers.
1908 R. Bagot Anthony Cuthbert vi. 49 It was not..surprising if she had, comparatively early in life, developed a certain love of authority.
1982 Listener 16 Dec. 34/3 Murphy's law of audio..says that connecting leads and plugs will always develop a fault five minutes after the last useful shop has closed for the weekend.
1990 I. Daria Fashion Cycle Introd. 15 He developed an uncanny ability to read the hidden messages.
2002 Canad. Geographic Jan. 96/1 More and more people are developing a taste for fine organic and unpasteurized cheeses.
b. transitive (reflexive). To come gradually into existence or operation. Also: to change itself gradually into something more advanced. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > [verb (reflexive)] > come into existence
develop1741
the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > gradual change > change gradually [verb (reflexive)]
develop1741
transition1877
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance [verb (reflexive)] > into existence or operation
develop1741
1741 tr. Select Disc. Acad. Belles Lettres 107 Leisure, which gives Room to the Spirits to develop themselves.
1773 J. Chater Hist. T. Rigby I. iv. 143 Some children develop themselves sooner than others; and it has been somewhere remarked, that the female understanding ripens much sooner than the male.
1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 65. 514 This prominent part of their character began to develope itself.
1809 Universal Mag. Nov. 376/1 They beheld their children increase in stature, and daily some new faculty developing itself.
1848 Eng. Rev. Sept. 53 We must admit that the principle of partial corruption was in the Church from the beginning, and developed itself into Gnostic asceticism.
1875 F. T. Buckland Log-bk. Fisherman 276 A serious fault had developed itself.
1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xxii. 122 Our constitutional system grows and developes itself year after year.
1953 N.Y. Times 20 Dec. 10 x/4 A new group called Inbal, consisting of Yemenite dancers.., is being prepared for a possible American tour.., in addition to developing itself as an important cultural institution of its own country.
2015 Financial Express (Bangladesh) 16 Apr. According to him..this industry is developing itself step by step.
c.
(a) intransitive. To grow, mature; to become more advanced or elaborate. Also: to change gradually into something more advanced. Hence (more loosely): to take shape; to come into existence. Cf. evolve v. 7b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > advance, progress, or develop [verb (intransitive)]
climbc1400
ascendc1550
soar1597
progress1612
develop1744
advance1875
bull1928
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > originate, derive, or arise [verb (intransitive)] > arise gradually, develop, or evolve
to grow upa1599
spread1642
develop1744
evolve1851
evolute1872
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare or get ready [verb (intransitive)] > mature
ripeOE
ripen1549
seed1594
develop1744
mature1805
perfect1870
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > make progress or advance (of action or operation)
fremec1000
furtherc1200
profit1340
to go onc1449
grow1487
to commence to, intoa1500
framea1529
to get ground?1529
movec1540
work1566
promove1570
advance1577
devolve1579
to come on1584
progress1612
to gain ground1625
germinate1640
proceed1670
to gather ground1697
march1702
to make its way1711
to come forward1722
develop1744
to turn a wheel1864
shape1865
come1899
1744 Education 45 The Prince..grew by Degrees less fierce and presuming; his Faculties developed, and a new Light broke in upon him.
1838 R. Southey Inscriptions xxxv, in Poet. Wks. III. 152 How differently Did the two spirits..Develope in that awful element.
1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Devel. Christian Doctr. (1846) i. i. 37 An idea..cannot develope at all except either by destroying, or modifying and incorporating with itself, existing modes of thinking and acting.
1859 C. Kingsley Swift & Pope in Misc. (1860) I. 285 The man who is content to be simply what God has made him, goes on from strength to strength, developing almost unconsciously under a divine education.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vii. §5. 387 London developed into the general mart of Europe.
1897 Robesonian (Lumberton, N. Carolina) 15 Sept. 5/3 Just developing into manhood, with a promising future before him, his death is a peculiarly sad one.
1904 F. Rolfe Hadrian VII xix. 343 Mediocrities, entrusted with power over their fellow-creatures, invariably develop into tyrants.
1915 Indianapolis Sunday Star 28 Nov. 14/2 The Far East..where the climate permits a culture of the body to develop in an unrestrained natural manner.
1929 H. W. Haggard Devils, Drugs, & Doctors vi. 149 Grave-robbing finally developed into a profession.
1994 R. G. MacCallum Tongs Ya Bas 58 The rest of the street took offence to this and a near riot situation developed.
2013 Observer 20 Oct. 15/3 This possibility of becoming ‘biohybrid’ may sound futuristic, unlikely even. But when technology develops, it develops quickly.
(b) intransitive. Of an animal or plant: to progress towards a more advanced or complete physical state; to enter into a later stage of biological development (esp. adulthood).
ΚΠ
1751 V. Miller Man-plant 18 That individual Animacule fostered by a Heat congenial to its igneous Essence, grows and develops into the human Form.
1792 J. S. Barr tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. X. 28 It is principally by the means of heat, that impulsion penetrates organized bodies; it is by heat that they are formed, grow, and develope.
1881 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 503 The eggs will not develop into larvae unless nursed, and the nursing is effected by licking the surface of the eggs.
1945 Proc. Royal Soc. 1944–5 B. 132 438 Under the most favourable conditions some larvae develop slowly, whilst other larvae develop at nearly maximum rates under the most unfavourable conditions.
1979 New Scientist 24 May 642/1 Before they develop into adults, the snails must settle to the bottom of the sea and attach themselves to the sea bed.
2003 S. G. Biddulph Alcohol iii. 48 A teen who physically develops earlier than his peers often finds himself under new and challenging pressure to act like an adult.
6.
a. To produce or form an anatomical structure or part.
(a) transitive. To produce or form (an organ or other anatomical structure) in the course of natural biological development.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > development, growth, or degeneration > [verb (transitive)] > regenerate
regenerate?1541
re-engender1545
stint1735
develop1742
1742 Philos. Trans. 1739–40 (Royal Soc.) 41 357 So that the Grain, being deprived of this Help, could not develop its Germ.
1813 J. G. Coffin tr. X. Bichat Treat. Membranes 82 They [sc. serous membranes] begin and are developed with them [sc. other organs].
1816 Analectic Mag. July 62 These organs [in the brain] develop themselves, and their development becomes externally obvious by corresponding lumps and bumps..on the osseus compages of the occiput and sinciput.
1863 T. H. Huxley Evid. Man's Place Nature 65 In the floor of which a notochord is developed.
1946 A. Nelson Princ. Agric. Bot. xxv. 491 On the death of the host the fungus develops sex organs. First a peculiar sac, a female organ called an oogonium, is formed.
2014 B. Moore Elephants in Space vi. 88 Perhaps in the womb, our small embryos develop a brain filled with neurons that are connected together, somewhat haphazardly.
(b) intransitive. Of cells or tissue: to form an organ or other anatomical structure in the course of natural biological development. Frequently with into.
ΚΠ
1803 J. G. Dalyell tr. L. Spallanzani Tracts Nat. Hist. (ed. 2) I. ix. 192 The reproduction of these parts..is probably by means of two germs, one destined to develope into a tail, the other into a head.
1858 A. Gray Introd. Struct. & Systematic Bot. i. iv. 104 In the Honey Locust, it is the uppermost of several accessory buds, placed far above the axil, that develops into the thorn.
1901 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 2 Nov. 1336/1 The epithelial cells which line the sac posteriorly rapidly enlarge and develop to form the lens fibres.
1960 New Scientist 18 Aug. 462/1 Spore-containing cells develop into cultures of normal vegetative cells when grown under favourable conditions.
2014 A. Roberts Incredible Unlikeliness of Being 139 In a five-week-old human embryo there's a series of what look exactly like branchial bars, except these ones never develop into gills.
b.
(a) transitive. To bring into existence as the result of evolutionary processes. Frequently in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > evolve [verb (transitive)] > cause to evolve
develop1792
1792 J. S. Barr tr. Comte de Buffon Nat. Hist. VII. 18 The dog belongs to the old continent; where their nature has been developed in the temperate regions only, and where they appear to have been varied and brought to perfection by the care of man.
1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 281 He [sc. Lamarck] supposed that all organized beings, from the lowest to the highest forms, were progressively developed from similar living microscopic particles.
1880 S. Haughton Six Lect. Physical Geogr. vi. 273 Forces have been at work, developing in each great continent animal forms peculiar to itself.
1968 R. D. Martin tr. W. Wickler Mimicry in Plants & Animals vii. 84 It could be required that Müllerian mimetic species should have developed their resemblances independently, that is by convergent evolution.
2008 L. I. Perlovsky in R. V. Mayorga & L. I. Perlovsky Toward Artific. Sapience 33 In our brains there are inborn structures that have been developed over hundreds of millions of years of evolution specifically to enable fast learning.
(b) intransitive. To come into existence as the result of evolutionary processes; to evolve.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > evolve [verb (transitive)]
evolve1805
develop1853
evolute1874
1853 Mass. Teacher Aug. 226 Some one individual of it has in like manner, naturally, they say, developed into a higher order still, and so on till the grade of man has been attained to.
1893 T. R. R. Stebbing Hist. Crustacea vii. 96 Crabs... Several different forms of water-breathers at various times and places have independently developed into air-breathers.
1953 A. Petrunkevitch Paleozoic & Mesozoic Arachnida of Europe 44 The number of adherents of the theory that book lungs developed from gills is at present also not great.
2012 D. Rickard Sulfidic Sediments & Sedimentary Rocks xvi. vii. 671 Cavalier-Smith proposed that single-membraned organisms developed from double-membraned organisms through the loss of a membrane.
7. transitive. To cause (a muscle) to increase in mass or strength.
ΚΠ
1832 A. Brigham Remarks Infl. Mental Cultiv. upon Health ii. 43 These [movements] are learned only by long practice, which greatly developes the muscles by which the movements are executed.
1870 Judy 29 June 100/2 I wonder what Primmer..would say to ladies learning gymnastics. These are strange times, my masters, when the weaker sex develop their muscles.
1927 Pop. Mech. May 15 (advt.) It takes more than a strong man to tell men how to develop muscles—it takes a man who has made a life study of muscle building.
1950 J. Dempsey Championship Fighting 186 Bending exercises are best to develop the stomach muscles into a protective ‘washboard’ against body blows.
2003 J. R. Jacobson Truly Winnie vii. 44 There were also many rope courses at the base of the ledge, to help the girls develop stronger muscles and coordination for climbing.
8.
a. transitive. To formulate or create by successive stages of improvement or advancement.Compare earlier development n. 5a.
ΚΠ
1836 C. Richardson New Dict. Eng. Lang. I. Pref. §2. 41 I further felt that the volumes of Horne Tooke had developed a new theory of language.
1895 Biogr. Mem. (National Acad. Sci. U.S.A.) 3 11 Prof. Edward C. Pickering, then in charge of the department of physics, developed a system by which the largest classes could be trained to make physical observations and measurements.
1899 Boston Evening Transcript 15 Sept. 6/5 The players of the new croquet, having developed a new and scientific game, have adopted a new name, and call it roque.
1931 Amer. Mercury Jan. 96/1 During the prosperous days we developed a New Economic Theory of optimism, and gave it our entire trust.
1971 B. Sidran Black Talk iv. 85 Jimmy Rushing and Joe Turner..developed styles of singing that were rhythmically advanced from the older, rural blues styles.
2009 N. Borkowski Organizational Behavior, Theory, & Design in Health Care xxi. 452 You must cement changes..by tasking your management team with developing business and operating plans under the new rubric.
b. transitive. To design and bring to fruition (a new product or technology), typically after the implementation of alterations to the original concept following testing or consultation. Cf. research and development n.
ΚΠ
1920 F. P. Stockbridge Yankee Ingenuity in War xvii. 327 American scientists developed a geophone with a much greater range, and devised the method of connecting a number of them with a central station.
1937 Down Beat Aug. 19/2 The Wilson Body Company has spent many years in developing this particular type of equipment for orchestras.
1963 Missiles & Rockets 16 Sept. 14/1 The Soviet Union may be developing an anti-ballistic missile system capable of de-activating U.S. missiles in their silos.
2008 Atlantic Monthly May 68/1 He..was directing a joint Microsoft-IBM project to develop a new computer operating system called OS/2.
9. transitive. To produce (a variety or breed of plant or animal) through selective breeding.
ΚΠ
1858 Country Gentleman 5 Aug. 76/2 By discreetly using this superior blood, one may develop a breed superior to the parent race and all other races of the species.
1878 St. Louis (Missouri) Globe-Democrat 11 Aug. 9/1 By this skillful manipulation he had developed a breed with intelligence which startles the observer.
1927 Pop. Mech. Apr. 632/2 Dr. Wells developed a breed of oysters without the anchor by which they usually attach themselves to some rock.
1969 C. H. Danhof Change in Agric. vii. 155 At the same time, significant work in developing varieties and breeds was taking place in the United States.
2007 C. Gleason Biogr. of Wool 31/1 Scientists are trying to develop a breed of sheep that will shed their wool without having to be sheared. They are also developing sheep breeds that are resistant to worms and diseases.
10. transitive. To modify (a site or property) so as to enhance its profitability or suitability for a particular purpose; to convert (land) to a new purpose, esp. by constructing new buildings. Cf. development n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > [verb (transitive)] > plan or develop
to lay outc1608
to set out1673
develop1863
town-plan1911
redevelop1936
1863 Sat. Rev. 9 May 588/1 There is a satisfaction, quite independent of any tangible returns, in developing an estate.
1866 Private & Local Laws Legislature of Wisconsin 561 The said corporation shall have full power and authority..to prospect, work, manage and develop land generally known as ‘oil territory’.
1901 Times 6 Nov. 5/1 Hogarth's house in Chiswick..will probably be purchased by a builder who will do what is called develop the property; we all know pretty well what that means.
1932 Times Lit. Suppl. 26 May 392/2 The tenants will be turned out as soon as possible and the whole estate ‘developed’ as a site for a factory.
2014 Church Times 10 Jan. 27/3 Waller's great-grandfather..developed the land for farming, building many of the farm houses such as Rivers' Hall and White Hall.
11.
a. transitive. To help or cause (a country, region, etc., now esp. one in the developing world) to advance economically and socially. Cf. developing adj. 2.
ΚΠ
1892 Immigration Investigation 706 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (52nd Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Rep. 2090) XII We need to take in new people faster than the population can be propagated here to develop our country.
1915 Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 194 This policy has aimed at developing the country primarily for the benefit of the natives.
1940 South China Morning Post 13 Nov. 14/1 (headline) To develop China. Overseas investment to be encouraged.
1985 L. Ziring & C. I. E. Kim Asian Polit. Dict. vi. 314 Whether or not MNCs [sc. multinational corporations] help develop Third World nations is still debated.
2002 R. B. Edgerton Africa's Armies v. 147 While calling for African unity and for the independence of all African countries, Nkrumah continued to develop Ghana.
b. intransitive. Of a country, region, etc., now esp. one in the developing world: to advance economically and socially. Cf. developing adj. 2.
ΚΠ
1916 Jrnl. Amer. Bankers Assoc. Apr. 938/1 The country had also been developing by leaps and bounds.
1969 Bull. Atomic Scientists Apr. 8/1 The presently underdeveloped countries in South Asia cannot expect to develop rapidly and continuously.
1985 Guardian (Nexis) 30 July It would be grossly irrational if the British Government..continued to impose conditions on loans and investment which prevented Third World countries from developing.
1999 Campus News (National Univ. Singapore) May 6/3 When you get these conditions which are really intangible assets, you get a manufacturing country developing quickly and contributing towards a global economy.
2011 P. N. Howard Digital Origins Dictatorship & Democracy 25 Understanding technology diffusion..in these countries may help us understand how poor countries will develop.
III. Specialized uses of Branch II.
12.
a. transitive. Chiefly Chemistry. To liberate (a substance) from a bound chemical state; to generate or release (a substance, esp. a gas) as a result or by-product of a process; = evolve v. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > subject to chemical reactions or processes [verb (transitive)] > subject to named chemical reaction or process > subject to miscellaneous other processes
reduce?a1425
weaken1540
projecta1550
brown1570
spiritualize1593
colliquate1603
redisperse1621
imbibe1626
educe1651
to cant off1658
part1663
regalize1664
dint1669
roche1679
subtilizea1722
neutralize1744
develop1756
evolve1772
extricate1790
separate1805
unburn1815
leach1860
methylate1864
nitrate1872
nitre1880
sweeten1885
deflocculate1909
hybridize1959
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 302 In these, the acid is not developed enough, not enough disengaged from the terrene bodies, it holds dissolved in the water, to attack the sirup and change it to a red.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. iii. 59 In the decay of the leaf, the colour assumed seems to depend upon the nature of the chemical change, and as acids are generally developed, it is usually either reddish brown or yellow.
1841 Ann. Electr., Magnetism, & Chem. 7 136 The residium in the retort.., when mixed with water, developed deutoxide of nitrogen.
1908 Carbonic Acid & Carbonated Beverages May 100/2 Twenty to thirty times more gas is developed during the fermenting process than is required for carbonating purposes.
1955 Pop. Mech. Aug. 142/2 Fissioning uranium produces heat which boils the water in the reactor and develops steam.
2000 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 22 June (Drive section) 1 A petrol-reforming fuel-cell car would produce about a third of the carbon dioxide developed by the cleanest combustion engines.
b. transitive. To generate or give off (heat, light, etc.) as a result or by-product of a process.In quot. 1831 perhaps influenced by sense 12a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > further [verb (transitive)] > by bringing out what is potential > specifically of chemistry or physics
develop1780
1780 W. Dease Introd. Theory & Pract. Surg. iii. 36 The heat developed by the attrition between the solids and fluids, will..dilate the exhalent vessels.
1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics vii. 73 Such a white light I have succeeded in developing.
1839 G. Bird Elements Nat. Philos. 279 This mode of developing electricity was discovered..by Prof. Seebeck.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xx. 144 We thus develop both attraction and repulsion.
1925 Morris Owner's Man. xvi. 103 It must, of course, clearly be understood that when an engine is new and stiff much more heat is developed than is the case when it has run itself in.
1989 A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding (ed. 9) I. i. 46 In the oxy-hydrogen flame, hydrogen is burnt in a stream of oxygen. This causes intense heat to be developed, with a flame temperature of about 2800°C.
2012 S. S. Stovall in M. J. Fagel Princ. Emergency Managem. v. 127 Nuclear reactors or power plants develop heat from controlled nuclear fission.
13. transitive. Mathematics. To express (a mathematical function) in the form of an infinite series that, for a particular range of values, is equivalent to the original function.
ΚΠ
1799 Monthly Rev. 28 App. 496 Every function of x and of other quantities may be successively developed according to the powers of x.
1871 E. Olney Infinit. Calc. 67 It is proposed to discover the law of development, when the function can be developed in the form y = f(x) = A + Bx + Cx2 + Dx3 + Ex4 + etc.
1912 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 13 452 We begin by developing the even function |cosx|..in a Fourier series.
1969 M. E. Baron Origins Infintesimal Calculus (2003) 8 In the wild rush to develop function after function in infinite series without benefit of convergence..this sensible step was temporarily lost sight of.
2003 tr. R. J. Beerends et al. Fourier & Laplace Transforms ii. 57 Fourier was, however, the first to boldly state that any function could be developed into a series of sine and cosine functions.
14. transitive. Military. To initiate and intensify (an attack or series of attacks) esp. to extend (an attack) to a new front or launch (a new wave of an offensive).
ΚΠ
1815 tr. in C. A. Eaton Battle of Waterloo (ed. 5) II. 35 The enemy developed from La Belle Alliance, his attacks upon Mont St. Jean.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island iv. xxi. 169 The attack would be developed from the north.
1917 J. Martin Diary 22 Sept. in Sapper Martin (2010) 108 Last night Fritz treated our front line to a hurricane bombardment and developed a counter-attack.
1997 J. F. Gebhardt tr. D. F. Loza Commanding Red Army 80 Its mission was..to attack on the Eshkyu-Veszprém axis to encircle the main forces of the German 6th ss Panzer Army..and simultaneously to develop the attack on the internal front of the encirclement.
2014 R. Doherty Victory in Italy 150 When V Corps had begun its operation on 9 April it had done so with a view to developing attacks on two axes.
15. Chess.
a. transitive. To bring (a piece) into play by moving it from its original square; to mobilize (one's pieces) in this way during the opening phase of a game. Also: to improve or strengthen (one’s position) by bringing one’s pieces into play; chiefly in to develop one's game (cf. game n. 8d).
ΚΠ
1820 [implied in: J. S. Bingham in tr. D. L. Ponziani Incomparable Game of Chess Pref. p. vi The work is divided into three Parts, the first of which..contains many general rules, very useful to impress the Student with good principles, from the first developing of the Pieces to the end. (at developing n. 1)].
1834 H. Wood New Guide Chess 47 The other is compelled to move Pawns when he ought to be developing his game.
1847 H. Staunton Chess-player's Handbk. 22 In chess, this is attempted by the first player putting a Pawn en prise of the enemy early in the game, by which he is enabled more rapidly and effectually to develope his superior Pieces.
1877 Amer. Chess Jrnl. Dec. 71/1 Black maintains the Pawn, but has great difficulty in developing his position.
1896 H. F. Cheshire Hastings Chess Tournament 1895 102 White, however, attacks too hurriedly; he ought to develop his Knight first.
1952 S. Tartakower & J. du Mont 500 Master Games of Chess II. iii. xxx. 634/2 Black can develop his game only with difficulty.
2007 Western Morning News (Plymouth) (Nexis) 12 May 10 It doesn't actually develop a piece and gives Black a moment to try to open things up in the centre.
b. intransitive. To bring one’s pieces into play during the opening phase of the game. Sometimes also: (of a piece) to be brought into play from its original square.
ΚΠ
1871 T. Long Key to Chess Openings 24 Black..either defends, counter attacks with a piece or pawn, or develops.
1908 Chess Amateur May 232/2 He must, however, rapidly develop by Kt.QB3, Kt.KB3, B.K2 and Castles KR.
1951 'S. Garry' tr. M. M. Botvinnik One Hundred Sel. Games 54/1 The Queen's Bishop develops at once along the diagonal QR1-KR8.
1976 I. Chernev Twelve Great Chess Players 24/2 This natural move is weak, as it lets White develop with gain of time.
2002 Chess Life Nov. Catal. c82/4 White develops quickly and attacks the center.
16. Medicine.
a. intransitive. Of a disease, pathological process, etc.: to manifest itself or become symptomatic (often after a latent period following infection); to progress. Also (of a tumour or other abnormal growth): to form; to increase in size. In early use also transitive (in passive or reflexive) in the same sense (now rare).
ΚΠ
1824 Lancet 14 Aug. 213/2 Several physicians seem disposed at present to regard..the various tumours which are occasionally developed between their [sc. nerves] fibres, as the consequence of chronic phlegmasia.
1837 H. McCormac Philos. Human Nature xi. 72 Thus, many enjoy tolerable health, in whom latent disease awaits but an opportunity to develop itself.
1848 Amer. Jrnl. Dental Sci. 8 321 This case was a young lady, who for years had a tumor developing in her right cheek.
1891 Law Times 92 131/2 The time swine fever takes to develop.
1930 Pop. Mech. Nov. 727/1 Ulcers develop on the cornea, and soon blindness follows.
1988 Orange Coast Mag. July 103/2 (advt.) By applying the solution early it will often prevent cold sores from developing.
2006 M. Vogt Marjorie Main vi. 66 Doctors discovered that several tumors had developed in the same leg.
b. transitive. To undergo the formation of (a tumour or other abnormal growth); to experience the onset of (a disease or disease process, symptom, etc.); to exhibit (a symptom or sign of disease); to contract (a disease).
ΚΠ
1867 U.S. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. Jan. 220 On the 26th of May, he developed fever, which was then raging in the hospital, and, as his premonitory symptoms were present a week before, treatment was ordered to be stopped on the 20th.
1886 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Sentinel 29 June 5/3 The doctors are taking on airs because they circumvented an esophagus which developed a tumor and threatened to starve a Buffalo woman to death.
1924 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Mar. 473/1 A younger boy, aged 12, developed an ulcer in the stomach, was operated upon, and was also found to have a chronic appendix.
1955 D. Hunter Dis. Occupations vi. 295 He developed a wart, which later became a hard-edged sore on the hand.
2010 I. Löwy Preventive Strikes vii. 175 People usually want to know whether they have a high probability of developing a malignant tumor.
2014 Daily Tel. 2 July 10/6 Birthing pools with in-built heaters have been banned until further notice after a baby born using one of the heated pools developed legionnaires' disease.
17. transitive (in passive). Geology. Of a geological formation or feature: to be exhibited in a well-formed condition or active operation.
ΚΠ
1824 H. T. De la Beche tr. Sel. Geol. Mem. in Ann. des Mines 274 On the S.E. [of the Hartz], the general series of these formations and those which follow them are developed in the Mansfeld country.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 169 The hardest rocks of Britain are developed in the western and northern parts of the island.
1908 W. C. Phalen Econ. Geol. Kenova Quadrangle 37 All the geologic formations represented in the quadrangle, with the possible exception of those of the Mississippian series, are developed inn the Big Sandy Valley.
1954 J. F. Kirkaldy Gen. Princ. Geol. vii. 80 A typical Atlantic type coast is developed around Swanage.
2011 P. Andrews et al. in T. Harrison Paleontol. & Geol. Laetoli I. viii. 171/2 The mbugas appear to be derived mainly from the Plio-Pleistocene tuffs and are developed on all flat or gently sloping surfaces.
18. transitive. Music. Esp. with regard to sonata form: to reshape (a theme or themes stated earlier in the same composition or movement) by modifications of melody, harmony, tonality, rhythm, etc. Cf. development n. 16.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > perform (music) [verb (transitive)] > specific style or technique
squeak1577
tinkle1582
divide1590
shake1611
slur1746
da capo1764
rattlea1766
to run over ——1789
skirl1818
spread?1822
develop1838
arpeggio1864
propose1864
recapitulate1873
jazz1915
lilt1916
jazzify1927
thump1929
schmaltz1936
belt1947
stroke1969
funkify1973
scratch1984
scratch-mix1985
1838 J. A. Hamilton Catech. on Nature of Musical Ideas iv. 7 The subject of a fugue, for example, is developed by means of various sorts of imitation.
1880 J. Stainer Composition ix. §161 A melody is rarely developed without frequent changes of key, or of harmony.
1954 D. N. Ferguson Masterwks. Orchestral Repertoire 285 The Menuetto..is in the tempo of the dance—a sturdy eight-bar strain with a naive echo of two bars. The second section develops the figure of this echo and returns to the opening theme.
1988 B. Desai Memory of Elephants 144 I preferred the sonata form where a single theme is explored and developed to its fullest.
2007 A. Rosenzweig Mahler 180 The interval of a fourth develops the Symphony's introductory theme.
19. transitive. To refine (a technical drawing or part of a drawing) by adding further detail; esp. to produce a working plan from (a sketch or rough drawing).Sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense 8a.
ΚΠ
1853 W. Johnson Armengaud's Pract. Draughtsman's Bk. Industr. Design xiii. 163/2 It depends, more or less, on what part of the object we wish to develop more particularly in the perspective representation.
1913 18th Ann. Rep. Board of City Service Commissioners Milwaukee 43 Applicants must..possess ability to develop preliminary sketches into general working plans and details.
1975 Lawrence (Kansas) Jrnl.-World 26 Sept. 21/1 (advt.) Design draftsmen. Good math background and art ability needed to develop rough sketches into working drawings.
2004 D. L. Goetsch et al. Techn. Drawing (ed. 5) iv. 152/1 Plan your drawing sequence. In what order will you develop the drawing?
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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