deliberateadj.

Brit.

/dᵻˈlɪb(ə)rət/, U.S.

/dᵻˈlɪb(ə)rət/,

/diˈlɪb(ə)rət/

Forms: late Middle English–1500s deliberat, late Middle English– deliberate; also Scottish pre-1700 deliberait.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin dēlīberātus, dēlīberāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin dēlīberātus resolved upon, determined, worked out, use as adjective of past participle of dēlīberāre deliber v.

a. Of a person: that acts or takes decisions after careful thought or consideration; measured and thoughtful. Also: that acts purposely or with intent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > duly deliberate (of persons)

howea950

deliberate?a1425

umbethoughta1500

suspense?1518

deliberating1561

considerate1581

deliberating1637

deliberative1742

chin-stroking1858

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 52^v (MED) Neþerles y pray þe þat in demyng & in deponyng þu be not hasti..bot deliberate [L. deliberatus] & afore auysed.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ix. 79 O these deliberate fooles when they doe choose, They haue the wisedome by their wit to loose.

a1726 W. Reeves Fatal Consequences Bribery (1733) 15 Judas had been a Preaching Thief, a Robber of the Spital, a Bribe-taker, a constant deliberate Rogue from first to last.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §1. 450 Striving to be deliberate in speech.

1953 P. Greenacre Trauma, Growth & Personality (e-book ed.) These patients are not deliberate offenders; they lie and steal impulsively.

2008 R. P. Clair et al. Why Work? x. 123 Max Weber is considered one of the most deliberate thinkers of the nineteenth century, and his influence stretched well into the twentieth century.

b. Of an action, undertaking, etc.: carefully considered; done with full awareness or consciousness. In later use also (chiefly in negative sense, of an action regarded as undesirable or reprehensible): intentional; done on purpose rather than by accident.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > [adjective] > performed with intention

bethoughtc1200

expressa1400

wilfula1400

purposedc1422

purpensed1436

malice prepensed1454

aforethought1472

studiedc1475

setc1485

voluntary1495

deliberate?1527

willing1550

witting1553

propensed1560

fore-intendeda1586

affected1586

designed1586

determinate1586

intended1592

deliberated1594

uncasual1614

recollecteda1616

resolved1624

industriousa1628

intentionate1631

pre-intended1636

advised1642

malice prepense1647

sedentary1647

propense1650

consultive1651

(crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692

conscious1726

intentionala1729

systematic1746

studious1750

systematical1750

prepensive1752

advertent1832

self-conscious1832

volitive1839

designful1852

purposeful1853

purposive1864

thought-controlled1926

?1527 tr. Copy of Lett. wherin Kyng Henry VIII made Answere vnto M. Luther sig. A.vi The deliberate aduyse of the most reuerende father in god, Thomas lorde Cardynall.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxij After..deliberate consultacion had emong the peeres, prelates, and commons.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. iii. 9 This suddaine sending him away must seeme Deliberate pause.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 322 He seems not to have had any deliberate plan in all these alterations.

1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters II. 13 The act is deliberate, and determined on beforehand, in direct defiance of reason.

1919 Kansas City (Missouri) Times 11 Nov. ‘Well,’ he said, ‘you were in a difficult position and you made a deliberate choice. I tell you frankly that I expected to hear worse things.’

1950 Daily Times-News (Burlington, N. Carolina) 3 Feb. 4/1 His choice of words was deliberate and thoughtfully considered in the light of their international significance.

2013 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 2 Feb. 14 This was not a change of policy due to political circumstances, but a deliberate attempt to mislead the public.

†2. Chiefly Scottish. With infinitive or (rarely) that-clause. Resolved, determined. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1515 Queen Margaret of Scotland Let. 20 Aug. (Calig. B.vi) f. 87 I am deliberat that the governour and I sall take ane afold part.

c1570 J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1830) 44 In case that the King of Ingland wald refuse, he was deliberat to move weire aganis him.

c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 162 He was deliberat to resigne his office.

c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 351 A Sithian prince..wes deliberate to have cum to the toun of Rome to distroy it.

3. Esp. of a movement, activity, etc.: slow and steady; unhurried.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > unhurried (of movement)

softc1300

slowa1398

deliberate1575

leisurely1604

unhurrieda1774

leisure1809

downtempo1972

1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 37 The Haggart will lie longer on hyr wings than the Falcon gentle, and hath a more deliberate and leasurely stroke than the other Falcon hath.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §252 Eccho's are some more sudden..Others are more deliberate, that is, giue more Space betweene the Voice and the Eccho.

1790 J. Bruce Trav. Source Nile II. iii. 232 Sertza Denghel..drew up his army in the same deliberate manner in which he had crossed the Mareb.

1884 Critic & Good Lit. (N.Y.) 16 Feb. 81/2 The words move in mellifluous, orderly, deliberate rhythm, as if the respiration and heart-beat were sound and rich with life.

1909 Outing Aug. 631/1 It is just this sort of deliberate cooking that many things require. Thus, soups, stews, and chowders are far more tasty when they are cooked slowly.

2011 M. Wonser My Eye 127 We walked with slow, small, deliberate, balanced, and graceful footsteps.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

deliberatev.

Brit.

/dᵻˈlɪbəreɪt/, U.S.

/dᵻˈlɪbəˌreɪt/,

/diˈlɪbəˌreɪt/

Forms: 1500s delibrate, 1500s delyberate, 1500s– deliberate.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin dēlīberāt-, dēlīberāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin dēlīberāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of dēlīberāre deliber v. Compare earlier deliberate adj., and also earlier deliber v. (and foreign-language forms cited at that entry), deliver v.², and deliberation n.¹

1. Esp. of a council, committee, etc.

a. transitive. To consider and discuss (a particular proposal, course of action, etc.).In quot. 1536 in passive with anticipatory it as subject.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > hold discussions about, debate [verb (transitive)]

dispute1340

discuss1402

reason?c1425

mootc1475

arguea1513

canvass1530

ventilate?1530

deliberate1536

devisea1538

expostulate1573

agitate1598

imparlc1600

exagitate1610

eventilate?1625

altercate1683

litigate1740

spar1744

1536 R. Taverner tr. P. Melanchthon Confessyon Fayth Germaynes Pref. f. 2^v Your emperyall maiestie hathe summoned a parlament..to be holden at the Cytie of Ausbrough to thentent that there it myght be consulted and delyberated of the aydes and socours to be had agaynste the Turke.

1690 tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. xvi. 120 The matter was deliberated in Council, where it was unanimously agreed, that they would not venture the strength of the Kingdom against an Enemy, at the humour of every private Person.

1793 Lady's Mag. Oct. 509/1 It was at these committees..that the necessary measures were deliberated to obtain a revision of those decrees which were favourable to the people.

1837 Rural Repository 3 June 202/1 An orange woman, who had left her shop to the care of a neighbour, that she might sooner learn the determination of the jury, who were shut up deliberating the case.

1986 F. McGowan & C. Trengrove European Aviation i. i. 9 The Council is deliberating a set of measures contained in a Commission Memorandum on civil aviation.

2011 S. Mukherjee Emperor All Maladies 267 The real victims of tobacco..who had quietly been succumbing to lung cancer while Congress had deliberated the pros and cons of attaching a nine-word sentence to a packet of cigarettes.

b. intransitive. To consider and discuss a particular proposal, course of action, etc.; to exchange opinions on something. Sometimes with on or upon introducing the thing under discussion.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > consult or take advice > together or with another

to lay‥heads togetherc1381

deliberc1405

to cast their heads (together)1535

deliberate1538

to compare notes1709

1538 T. Elyot Dict. at Consulto To gyue or aske counsayle often, to delyberate or shewe myne aduyse often.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 191 When therefore the Common-Council of any Town hath deliberated at home, concerning matters there proposed, the Magistrates, and some of the Assistants, are sent to the great Convention.

1745 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 11 To carry it home to their Council to deliberate upon.

1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xviii. 28 The future relations of the two countries could now be deliberated on with a hope of settlement.

2003 Art Q. Spring 77/2 I would like to know whether the Committee deliberates on a case-by-case basis, or whether there is some strategic thinking.

c. transitive. With interrogative clause as object: to consider and discuss (whether, what, how, etc.).

ΚΠ

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John xi. f. lxxx^v He..blameth the cowardship of them that with deliberate counsell, did further debate the matter... You (sayeth he) that sitte deliberatyng whether thys felow that doeth suche thynges, is to be put to execucyon or no, seme not to wey the matter as it is.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 95 His Lordship hereupon had called the Counsellors to Tredagh,..to deliberate how the Army might be imployed most to vex Tyrone.

1764 W. Guthrie et al. Gen. Hist. World III. 22 The chiefs called a general assembly, in order to deliberate which way they should steer next.

1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada I. x. 81 A council of war..where it was deliberated what was to be done with Alhama.

2016 Monitor (McAllen, Texas) 16 Sept. 5 b/6 After the expert witness testifies, the jury will deliberate whether Hernandez is guilty of capital murder.

2. Esp. of an individual.

a. intransitive. To think carefully about something, esp. in order to reach a decision; to pause or take time for consideration. Also with †of, on, upon, about, introducing the thing under consideration.

ΚΠ

1538 tr. Erasmus Prepar. to Deathe sig. Eviii Let hym delyberate with hym selfe, whan he is hole and free from perturbations and feare.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. Table Scripture Quot. The heart of man doth deliberate of his way.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 73 Please you deliberate a day or two.

1780 Mirror No. 104 My poor friend, naturally of an undecisive temper,..had accustomed himself to deliberate on every trifle.

1894 Daily News 4 May 4/7 They [sc. women] deliberate a great deal, now-a-days; we draw no unfriendly conclusion.

2013 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 3 Aug. 29 A few months ago he was awarded the title of Ireland's Most Stylish Man... Despite that he says he doesn't spend too much time deliberating about what to wear.

b. transitive. To consider (something) carefully, esp. in order to reach a decision; to think (something) over.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]

i-thenchec897

showeOE

i-mune971

thinkOE

overthinkOE

takec1175

umbethinkc1175

waltc1200

bethinkc1220

wend?c1225

weighc1380

delivera1382

peisea1382

considerc1385

musec1390

to look over ——a1393

advise?c1400

debatec1400

roll?c1400

revert?a1425

advertc1425

deliberc1425

movec1425

musec1425

revolvec1425

contemplec1429

overseec1440

to think overc1440

perpend1447

roil1447

pondera1450

to eat inc1450

involvec1470

ponderate?a1475

reputec1475

counterpoise1477

poisea1483

traversec1487

umbecast1487

digest1488

undercast1489

overhalec1500

rumble1519

volve?1520

compassa1522

recount1526

trutinate1528

cast1530

expend1531

ruminate1533

concoct1534

contemplate1538

deliberate1540

revolute1553

chawa1558

to turn over1568

cud1569

cogitate1570

huik1570

chew1579

meditatec1580

discourse1581

speculate1599

theorize1599

scance1603

verse1614

pensitate1623

agitate1629

spell1633

study1659

designa1676

introspect1683

troll1685

balance1692

to figure on or upon1837

reflect1862

mull1873

to mull over1874

scour1882

mill1905

1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. ii. sig. F I beleue thy father to haue delyberated thy thynge longe inoughe.

1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) iii. sig. G1^v Leaue a little roome..For vnderstanding to deliberate The cause or author of this accident.

1753 Mem. Charles Goodville I. xxi. 209 Why, Madam, really, upon deliberating the Point more maturely, I am come round to your Ladyship's Opinion.

1923 New Castle (Pa.) News 27 June Sir James paused, apparently deliberating something in his own mind.

2007 M. Combes Running Wrecked xvii. 194 Things are happening too fast and I don't have the luxury to stop and make a real plan. I don't have the time to deliberate my options.

c. transitive. With interrogative clause as object: to consider (whether, what, how, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

bethinka1200

umthinka1300

to have mind ofc1300

casta1340

studya1375

delivera1382

to chew the cudc1384

to take advisementa1393

stema1400

compassc1400

advisec1405

deliberc1405

to make it wisec1405

to take deliberationc1405

enter?a1413

riddlec1426

hovec1440

devise?c1450

to study by (also in) oneself?c1450

considerc1460

porec1500

regard1523

deliberate1543

to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546

contemplate1560

consult1565

perpend1568

vise1568

to consider of1569

weigh1573

ruminate1574

dascanc1579

to lay to (one's) heart1588

pondera1593

debate1594

reflect1596

comment1597

perponder1599

revolvea1600

rumine1605

consider on, upon1606

to think twice1623

reflex1631

spell1645

ponderatea1652

to turn about1725

to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736

to wake over1771

incubatea1847

mull1857

fink1888

1543 R. Grafton Contin. f. xxiiii in Chron. J. Hardyng [He] turned backe agayne to Chepstey. And there lamentyng greatly..the euell fortune y^t kinge Henry had, dyd breath alitle & deliberate w^t him selfe, what wer best to be done.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Creed (1839) 28 The stone doth not deliberate whether it shall descend.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. v. 412 She deliberated with the utmost anxiety, how she might overcome the Regent's scruples.

1874 People (Indianapolis) 11 Jan. He was standing deliberating what to do next, and wondering whether he had not better go back and get his ladder.

2014 N. Dalbuono Few vi. 33 He sensed that she knew something more and was deliberating whether to share it.

†3. transitive. With infinitive. To resolve or determine to do something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb]

willOE

ordain1340

deemc1400

delibera1413

machine?c1450

order?1523

decree1526

deliberate1550

fix1788

the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (intransitive)]

choosec1320

definec1374

to take advisementa1393

appointc1440

conclude1452

to come to (an) anchor?1473

deliber1485

determine1509

resolvea1528

rest1530

deliberate1550

point1560

decide1572

to set (up) one's rest1572

to set down one's rest1578

to make account1583

to fix the staff1584

to take a party1585

fadge1592

set1638

determinate1639

pitch1666

devise1714

pre-resolve1760

settle1782

to make up one's mind1859

1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War vii. x. f. clxxxvii^v They deliberated [Fr. delibererent] to constrayne theym to fighte by sea ymmediatly.

c1610 ( tr. Livy First Eng. Life Henry V (Bodl. 966) (1911) 108 He deliberated by proces of time to wynn them by hunger and thirst.

1633 J. Done tr. ‘Aristeas’ Aunc. Hist. Septuagint 12 I haue deliberated to frame vnto you by Writing, a thing..well deseruing to be knowne.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	deliberate
释义	deliberateadj. Brit. /dᵻˈlɪb(ə)rət/, U.S. /dᵻˈlɪb(ə)rət/, /diˈlɪb(ə)rət/ Forms: late Middle English–1500s deliberat, late Middle English– deliberate; also Scottish pre-1700 deliberait. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin dēlīberātus, dēlīberāre. Etymology: < classical Latin dēlīberātus resolved upon, determined, worked out, use as adjective of past participle of dēlīberāre deliber v. 1. a. Of a person: that acts or takes decisions after careful thought or consideration; measured and thoughtful. Also: that acts purposely or with intent. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > duly deliberate (of persons) howea950 deliberate?a1425 umbethoughta1500 suspense?1518 deliberating1561 considerate1581 deliberating1637 deliberative1742 chin-stroking1858 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 52^v (MED) Neþerles y pray þe þat in demyng & in deponyng þu be not hasti..bot deliberate [L. deliberatus] & afore auysed. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. ix. 79 O these deliberate fooles when they doe choose, They haue the wisedome by their wit to loose. View more context for this quotation a1726 W. Reeves Fatal Consequences Bribery (1733) 15 Judas had been a Preaching Thief, a Robber of the Spital, a Bribe-taker, a constant deliberate Rogue from first to last. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §1. 450 Striving to be deliberate in speech. 1953 P. Greenacre Trauma, Growth & Personality (e-book ed.) These patients are not deliberate offenders; they lie and steal impulsively. 2008 R. P. Clair et al. Why Work? x. 123 Max Weber is considered one of the most deliberate thinkers of the nineteenth century, and his influence stretched well into the twentieth century. b. Of an action, undertaking, etc.: carefully considered; done with full awareness or consciousness. In later use also (chiefly in negative sense, of an action regarded as undesirable or reprehensible): intentional; done on purpose rather than by accident. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adjective] > performed with intention bethoughtc1200 expressa1400 wilfula1400 purposedc1422 purpensed1436 malice prepensed1454 aforethought1472 studiedc1475 setc1485 voluntary1495 deliberate?1527 willing1550 witting1553 propensed1560 fore-intendeda1586 affected1586 designed1586 determinate1586 intended1592 deliberated1594 uncasual1614 recollecteda1616 resolved1624 industriousa1628 intentionate1631 pre-intended1636 advised1642 malice prepense1647 sedentary1647 propense1650 consultive1651 (crime, evil, etc.) of forethought1692 conscious1726 intentionala1729 systematic1746 studious1750 systematical1750 prepensive1752 advertent1832 self-conscious1832 volitive1839 designful1852 purposeful1853 purposive1864 thought-controlled1926 ?1527 tr. Copy of Lett. wherin Kyng Henry VIII made Answere vnto M. Luther sig. A.vi The deliberate aduyse of the most reuerende father in god, Thomas lorde Cardynall. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxxij After..deliberate consultacion had emong the peeres, prelates, and commons. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. iii. 9 This suddaine sending him away must seeme Deliberate pause. View more context for this quotation 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 322 He seems not to have had any deliberate plan in all these alterations. 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters II. 13 The act is deliberate, and determined on beforehand, in direct defiance of reason. 1919 Kansas City (Missouri) Times 11 Nov. ‘Well,’ he said, ‘you were in a difficult position and you made a deliberate choice. I tell you frankly that I expected to hear worse things.’ 1950 Daily Times-News (Burlington, N. Carolina) 3 Feb. 4/1 His choice of words was deliberate and thoughtfully considered in the light of their international significance. 2013 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 2 Feb. 14 This was not a change of policy due to political circumstances, but a deliberate attempt to mislead the public. †2. Chiefly Scottish. With infinitive or (rarely) that-clause. Resolved, determined. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1515 Queen Margaret of Scotland Let. 20 Aug. (Calig. B.vi) f. 87 I am deliberat that the governour and I sall take ane afold part. c1570 J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1830) 44 In case that the King of Ingland wald refuse, he was deliberat to move weire aganis him. c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 162 He was deliberat to resigne his office. c1626 H. Bisset Rolment Courtis (1922) II. 351 A Sithian prince..wes deliberate to have cum to the toun of Rome to distroy it. 3. Esp. of a movement, activity, etc.: slow and steady; unhurried. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [adjective] > unhurried (of movement) softc1300 slowa1398 deliberate1575 leisurely1604 unhurrieda1774 leisure1809 downtempo1972 1575 G. Turberville Bk. Faulconrie 37 The Haggart will lie longer on hyr wings than the Falcon gentle, and hath a more deliberate and leasurely stroke than the other Falcon hath. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §252 Eccho's are some more sudden..Others are more deliberate, that is, giue more Space betweene the Voice and the Eccho. 1790 J. Bruce Trav. Source Nile II. iii. 232 Sertza Denghel..drew up his army in the same deliberate manner in which he had crossed the Mareb. 1884 Critic & Good Lit. (N.Y.) 16 Feb. 81/2 The words move in mellifluous, orderly, deliberate rhythm, as if the respiration and heart-beat were sound and rich with life. 1909 Outing Aug. 631/1 It is just this sort of deliberate cooking that many things require. Thus, soups, stews, and chowders are far more tasty when they are cooked slowly. 2011 M. Wonser My Eye 127 We walked with slow, small, deliberate, balanced, and graceful footsteps. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). deliberatev. Brit. /dᵻˈlɪbəreɪt/, U.S. /dᵻˈlɪbəˌreɪt/, /diˈlɪbəˌreɪt/ Forms: 1500s delibrate, 1500s delyberate, 1500s– deliberate. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin dēlīberāt-, dēlīberāre. Etymology: < classical Latin dēlīberāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of dēlīberāre deliber v. Compare earlier deliberate adj., and also earlier deliber v. (and foreign-language forms cited at that entry), deliver v.², and deliberation n.¹ 1. Esp. of a council, committee, etc. a. transitive. To consider and discuss (a particular proposal, course of action, etc.).In quot. 1536 in passive with anticipatory it as subject. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > hold discussions about, debate [verb (transitive)] dispute1340 discuss1402 reason?c1425 mootc1475 arguea1513 canvass1530 ventilate?1530 deliberate1536 devisea1538 expostulate1573 agitate1598 imparlc1600 exagitate1610 eventilate?1625 altercate1683 litigate1740 spar1744 1536 R. Taverner tr. P. Melanchthon Confessyon Fayth Germaynes Pref. f. 2^v Your emperyall maiestie hathe summoned a parlament..to be holden at the Cytie of Ausbrough to thentent that there it myght be consulted and delyberated of the aydes and socours to be had agaynste the Turke. 1690 tr. G. Buchanan Hist. Scotl. xvi. 120 The matter was deliberated in Council, where it was unanimously agreed, that they would not venture the strength of the Kingdom against an Enemy, at the humour of every private Person. 1793 Lady's Mag. Oct. 509/1 It was at these committees..that the necessary measures were deliberated to obtain a revision of those decrees which were favourable to the people. 1837 Rural Repository 3 June 202/1 An orange woman, who had left her shop to the care of a neighbour, that she might sooner learn the determination of the jury, who were shut up deliberating the case. 1986 F. McGowan & C. Trengrove European Aviation i. i. 9 The Council is deliberating a set of measures contained in a Commission Memorandum on civil aviation. 2011 S. Mukherjee Emperor All Maladies 267 The real victims of tobacco..who had quietly been succumbing to lung cancer while Congress had deliberated the pros and cons of attaching a nine-word sentence to a packet of cigarettes. b. intransitive. To consider and discuss a particular proposal, course of action, etc.; to exchange opinions on something. Sometimes with on or upon introducing the thing under discussion. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > consult or take advice > together or with another to lay‥heads togetherc1381 deliberc1405 to cast their heads (together)1535 deliberate1538 to compare notes1709 1538 T. Elyot Dict. at Consulto To gyue or aske counsayle often, to delyberate or shewe myne aduyse often. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 191 When therefore the Common-Council of any Town hath deliberated at home, concerning matters there proposed, the Magistrates, and some of the Assistants, are sent to the great Convention. 1745 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 11 To carry it home to their Council to deliberate upon. 1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) IV. xviii. 28 The future relations of the two countries could now be deliberated on with a hope of settlement. 2003 Art Q. Spring 77/2 I would like to know whether the Committee deliberates on a case-by-case basis, or whether there is some strategic thinking. c. transitive. With interrogative clause as object: to consider and discuss (whether, what, how, etc.). ΚΠ 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John xi. f. lxxx^v He..blameth the cowardship of them that with deliberate counsell, did further debate the matter... You (sayeth he) that sitte deliberatyng whether thys felow that doeth suche thynges, is to be put to execucyon or no, seme not to wey the matter as it is. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 95 His Lordship hereupon had called the Counsellors to Tredagh,..to deliberate how the Army might be imployed most to vex Tyrone. 1764 W. Guthrie et al. Gen. Hist. World III. 22 The chiefs called a general assembly, in order to deliberate which way they should steer next. 1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada I. x. 81 A council of war..where it was deliberated what was to be done with Alhama. 2016 Monitor (McAllen, Texas) 16 Sept. 5 b/6 After the expert witness testifies, the jury will deliberate whether Hernandez is guilty of capital murder. 2. Esp. of an individual. a. intransitive. To think carefully about something, esp. in order to reach a decision; to pause or take time for consideration. Also with †of, on, upon, about, introducing the thing under consideration. ΚΠ 1538 tr. Erasmus Prepar. to Deathe sig. Eviii Let hym delyberate with hym selfe, whan he is hole and free from perturbations and feare. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. Table Scripture Quot. The heart of man doth deliberate of his way. a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) i. iii. 73 Please you deliberate a day or two. View more context for this quotation 1780 Mirror No. 104 My poor friend, naturally of an undecisive temper,..had accustomed himself to deliberate on every trifle. 1894 Daily News 4 May 4/7 They [sc. women] deliberate a great deal, now-a-days; we draw no unfriendly conclusion. 2013 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 3 Aug. 29 A few months ago he was awarded the title of Ireland's Most Stylish Man... Despite that he says he doesn't spend too much time deliberating about what to wear. b. transitive. To consider (something) carefully, esp. in order to reach a decision; to think (something) over. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 1540 J. Palsgrave tr. G. Gnapheus Comedye of Acolastus i. ii. sig. F I beleue thy father to haue delyberated thy thynge longe inoughe. 1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) iii. sig. G1^v Leaue a little roome..For vnderstanding to deliberate The cause or author of this accident. 1753 Mem. Charles Goodville I. xxi. 209 Why, Madam, really, upon deliberating the Point more maturely, I am come round to your Ladyship's Opinion. 1923 New Castle (Pa.) News 27 June Sir James paused, apparently deliberating something in his own mind. 2007 M. Combes Running Wrecked xvii. 194 Things are happening too fast and I don't have the luxury to stop and make a real plan. I don't have the time to deliberate my options. c. transitive. With interrogative clause as object: to consider (whether, what, how, etc.). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 1543 R. Grafton Contin. f. xxiiii in Chron. J. Hardyng [He] turned backe agayne to Chepstey. And there lamentyng greatly..the euell fortune y^t kinge Henry had, dyd breath alitle & deliberate w^t him selfe, what wer best to be done. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Creed (1839) 28 The stone doth not deliberate whether it shall descend. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. v. 412 She deliberated with the utmost anxiety, how she might overcome the Regent's scruples. 1874 People (Indianapolis) 11 Jan. He was standing deliberating what to do next, and wondering whether he had not better go back and get his ladder. 2014 N. Dalbuono Few vi. 33 He sensed that she knew something more and was deliberating whether to share it. †3. transitive. With infinitive. To resolve or determine to do something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb] willOE ordain1340 deemc1400 delibera1413 machine?c1450 order?1523 decree1526 deliberate1550 fix1788 the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (intransitive)] choosec1320 definec1374 to take advisementa1393 appointc1440 conclude1452 to come to (an) anchor?1473 deliber1485 determine1509 resolvea1528 rest1530 deliberate1550 point1560 decide1572 to set (up) one's rest1572 to set down one's rest1578 to make account1583 to fix the staff1584 to take a party1585 fadge1592 set1638 determinate1639 pitch1666 devise1714 pre-resolve1760 settle1782 to make up one's mind1859 1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War vii. x. f. clxxxvii^v They deliberated [Fr. delibererent] to constrayne theym to fighte by sea ymmediatly. c1610 ( tr. Livy First Eng. Life Henry V (Bodl. 966) (1911) 108 He deliberated by proces of time to wynn them by hunger and thirst. 1633 J. Done tr. ‘Aristeas’ Aunc. Hist. Septuagint 12 I haue deliberated to frame vnto you by Writing, a thing..well deseruing to be knowne. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.?a1425v.1536
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