Toskn.adj.

1835 W. M. Leake Trav. N. Greece I. ii. 61 The only important divisions of the Albanians are four: the Ngé̱ghe̱, Tóshke̱, Liápe̱ and Tjame̱.

1879 E. St. J. Fairman tr. W. Effendi Truth on Albania & Albanians (1999) xii. 36 It has often been sought to insinuate into public opinion the belief that between the Guégues and the Tosques existed ab antiquo a certain discord.

1900 ‘Odysseus’ Turkey in Europe ix. 397 The Southern Albanians differ from the Northerners... Their generic name is Tosk.

1958 P. Kemp No Colours or Crest v. 77 The rivalry of Gheg and Tosk and the age-long hatred of both for their Slav and Greek neighbours.

1980 Word 1979 30 27 Within Albania the proportion of northerners (Gegs) to southerners (Tosks) is almost equal.

2001 S. A. Somel Modernization Public Educ. Ottoman Empire vi. 208 The Tosks, located in the south (present-day southern Albania and northern Greece), continued to lead a settled life for centuries.

1908 T. G. Tucker Introd. Nat. Hist. Lang. ix. 195 A number of dialects, usually grouped under the two heads Ghegh (to the north) and Tosk (to the south), spoken by the Albanians..are admitted to belong to the Indo-European stock.

1939 L. H. Gray Found. Lang. 331 The language [sc. Albanian] falls into two groups, each with a number of sub-dialects: Geg (with colonies in Dalmatia) to the north and Tosk (with colonies in Greece, Italy, and Sicily) to the south of the Shumbi River.

1980 Word 1979 30 41 The imposition of Tosk upon a population that was not entirely Tosk-speaking.

2002 M. Rista-Dema in S. G. Obeng & B. Hartford Polit. Independence with Ling. Servitude x. 204 Due to the social and political factors of that time, Tosk was the ‘victorious’ dialect.

1900 ‘Odysseus’ Turkey in Europe ix. 401 The whole of the Tosk country has been strongly influenced by Greece.

1966 E. P. Hamp in H. Birnbaum & J. Puhvel Anc. Indo-European Dial. 98 Rosetti, however, mistakenly repeats the myth that some Tosk dialects show Geg characteristics.

1983 Word 1979 34 26 Arvanítika is the form of Tosk Albanian spoken in Greece; it is closely related to the southernmost variety of Albanian.

2007 M. R. Manzini & L. M. Savoia Unification Morphol. & Syntax ix. 298 In the Tosk dialects there is..some morphological distinction between the verb in the indicative and the subjunctive.