† deliberv.

Forms: late Middle English delibere, late Middle English delibre, late Middle English–1500s deliber, late Middle English–1500s delyber, 1500s delybre. See also deliver v.²

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French deliberer; Latin dēlīberāre.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French deliberer (French délibérer ) to deliberate, to take counsel (13th cent. in Old French), to decide (early 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin dēlīberāre to weigh the pros and cons, to take counsel, to consult, to consider carefully, to ponder, think over, (in perfect tenses) to have resolved on, to have decided < dē- de- prefix + lībrāre to balance, weigh (see librate v.). Compare deliver v.², and also deliberation n.¹Compare Catalan deliberar (late 15th cent.), Spanish deliberar (14th cent.), Portuguese deliberar (15th cent.; late 13th cent. as delivrar), Italian deliberare (late 13th cent.).

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To deliberate; to think carefully about something; to take counsel.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

bethinka1200

umthinka1300

to have mind ofc1300

casta1340

studya1375

delivera1382

to chew the cudc1384

to take advisementa1393

stema1400

compassc1400

advisec1405

deliberc1405

to make it wisec1405

to take deliberationc1405

enter?a1413

riddlec1426

hovec1440

devise?c1450

to study by (also in) oneself?c1450

considerc1460

porec1500

regard1523

deliberate1543

to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546

contemplate1560

consult1565

perpend1568

vise1568

to consider of1569

weigh1573

ruminate1574

dascanc1579

to lay to (one's) heart1588

pondera1593

debate1594

reflect1596

comment1597

perponder1599

revolvea1600

rumine1605

consider on, upon1606

to think twice1623

reflex1631

spell1645

ponderatea1652

to turn about1725

to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736

to wake over1771

incubatea1847

mull1857

fink1888

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > consult or take advice > together or with another

to lay‥heads togetherc1381

deliberc1405

to cast their heads (together)1535

deliberate1538

to compare notes1709

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Ellesmere) (1872) §2916 Thanne Dame Prudence..delibered [c1405 Hengwrt delyueride] and took auys in hir self.

1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. v. sig. b6 They deliberid emong them and concluded, that [etc.].

b. transitive. To consider (something) carefully. Frequently with interrogative clause as object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]

i-thenchec897

showeOE

i-mune971

thinkOE

overthinkOE

takec1175

umbethinkc1175

waltc1200

bethinkc1220

wend?c1225

weighc1380

delivera1382

peisea1382

considerc1385

musec1390

to look over ——a1393

advise?c1400

debatec1400

roll?c1400

revert?a1425

advertc1425

deliberc1425

movec1425

musec1425

revolvec1425

contemplec1429

overseec1440

to think overc1440

perpend1447

roil1447

pondera1450

to eat inc1450

involvec1470

ponderate?a1475

reputec1475

counterpoise1477

poisea1483

traversec1487

umbecast1487

digest1488

undercast1489

overhalec1500

rumble1519

volve?1520

compassa1522

recount1526

trutinate1528

cast1530

expend1531

ruminate1533

concoct1534

contemplate1538

deliberate1540

revolute1553

chawa1558

to turn over1568

cud1569

cogitate1570

huik1570

chew1579

meditatec1580

discourse1581

speculate1599

theorize1599

scance1603

verse1614

pensitate1623

agitate1629

spell1633

study1659

designa1676

introspect1683

troll1685

balance1692

to figure on or upon1837

reflect1862

mull1873

to mull over1874

scour1882

mill1905

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 5215 (MED) Agamenoun...dide his labour..By hiȝe avis and inward prouidence To delibre wysly in þis nede What were to do.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 143 (MED) It nedith þat it be delibered whether the kynge mey gyve such rewarde.

1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (viii.) f. 128^v In delibering, in decerning things delybred.

a. transitive. With infinitive or that clause as object. To decide or resolve to do something, or that something should be done. Also reflexive in the same sense.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb]

willOE

ordain1340

deemc1400

delibera1413

machine?c1450

order?1523

decree1526

deliberate1550

fix1788

the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (reflexive)]

appointc1386

castc1386

purposec1390

determine1393

devise1393

delibera1413

resolvea1528

settle1530

to resolve with oneself1578

formalizea1656

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 169 For which he gan deliberen for þe beste, That þough þe lordes wolde þat she wente, He wolde lat hem graunte what hem leste.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. vi. sig. Avij It is not to be delibered ne lightly to be concluded, that the kynge ne souerayn prince goo in his propre persone [into battle].

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvi. 378 I pray you that ye wyll delibere your self for to gyve vs a good answere.

a1547 R. Copland tr. Knight of Swanne (?c1560) ii. sig. A.ii On a day he delibered him for to go to hunt.

?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 204 But hee..delibered to withstande the adventure.

1592 J. Stow Annales 567 He delibered to go vnto them in his owne person.

b. transitive (in passive). To be resolved or determined to do something.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (intransitive)]

choosec1320

definec1374

to take advisementa1393

appointc1440

conclude1452

to come to (an) anchor?1473

deliber1485

determine1509

resolvea1528

rest1530

deliberate1550

point1560

decide1572

to set (up) one's rest1572

to set down one's rest1578

to make account1583

to fix the staff1584

to take a party1585

fadge1592

set1638

determinate1639

pitch1666

devise1714

pre-resolve1760

settle1782

to make up one's mind1859

1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) v. ii. sig. hviii^v I am delybered and fully concluded to goo wyth myn armye..vnto Rome.

1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) l. sig. M.v Joseph..hadde seuen bredern... The whiche were delybered of a longe tyme to haue dystroyed hym.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	deliber
释义	† deliberv. Forms: late Middle English delibere, late Middle English delibre, late Middle English–1500s deliber, late Middle English–1500s delyber, 1500s delybre. See also deliver v.² Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French deliberer; Latin dēlīberāre. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman and Middle French deliberer (French délibérer ) to deliberate, to take counsel (13th cent. in Old French), to decide (early 14th cent.), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin dēlīberāre to weigh the pros and cons, to take counsel, to consult, to consider carefully, to ponder, think over, (in perfect tenses) to have resolved on, to have decided < dē- de- prefix + lībrāre to balance, weigh (see librate v.). Compare deliver v.², and also deliberation n.¹Compare Catalan deliberar (late 15th cent.), Spanish deliberar (14th cent.), Portuguese deliberar (15th cent.; late 13th cent. as delivrar), Italian deliberare (late 13th cent.). Obsolete. 1. a. intransitive. To deliberate; to think carefully about something; to take counsel. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > give advice [verb (intransitive)] > consult or take advice > together or with another to lay‥heads togetherc1381 deliberc1405 to cast their heads (together)1535 deliberate1538 to compare notes1709 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Ellesmere) (1872) §2916 Thanne Dame Prudence..delibered [c1405 Hengwrt delyueride] and took auys in hir self. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. v. sig. b6 They deliberid emong them and concluded, that [etc.]. b. transitive. To consider (something) carefully. Frequently with interrogative clause as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) ii. l. 5215 (MED) Agamenoun...dide his labour..By hiȝe avis and inward prouidence To delibre wysly in þis nede What were to do. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 143 (MED) It nedith þat it be delibered whether the kynge mey gyve such rewarde. 1545 G. Joye Expos. Daniel (viii.) f. 128^v In delibering, in decerning things delybred. 2. a. transitive. With infinitive or that clause as object. To decide or resolve to do something, or that something should be done. Also reflexive in the same sense. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb] willOE ordain1340 deemc1400 delibera1413 machine?c1450 order?1523 decree1526 deliberate1550 fix1788 the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (reflexive)] appointc1386 castc1386 purposec1390 determine1393 devise1393 delibera1413 resolvea1528 settle1530 to resolve with oneself1578 formalizea1656 a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 169 For which he gan deliberen for þe beste, That þough þe lordes wolde þat she wente, He wolde lat hem graunte what hem leste. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. vi. sig. Avij It is not to be delibered ne lightly to be concluded, that the kynge ne souerayn prince goo in his propre persone [into battle]. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvi. 378 I pray you that ye wyll delibere your self for to gyve vs a good answere. a1547 R. Copland tr. Knight of Swanne (?c1560) ii. sig. A.ii On a day he delibered him for to go to hunt. ?c1550 tr. P. Vergil Eng. Hist. (1846) I. 204 But hee..delibered to withstande the adventure. 1592 J. Stow Annales 567 He delibered to go vnto them in his owne person. b. transitive (in passive). To be resolved or determined to do something. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolve or decide [verb (intransitive)] choosec1320 definec1374 to take advisementa1393 appointc1440 conclude1452 to come to (an) anchor?1473 deliber1485 determine1509 resolvea1528 rest1530 deliberate1550 point1560 decide1572 to set (up) one's rest1572 to set down one's rest1578 to make account1583 to fix the staff1584 to take a party1585 fadge1592 set1638 determinate1639 pitch1666 devise1714 pre-resolve1760 settle1782 to make up one's mind1859 1485 Malory's Morte Darthur (Caxton) v. ii. sig. hviii^v I am delybered and fully concluded to goo wyth myn armye..vnto Rome. 1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) l. sig. M.v Joseph..hadde seuen bredern... The whiche were delybered of a longe tyme to haue dystroyed hym. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < v.c1405
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