† defalcateadj.

Etymology: < medieval Latin dēfalcātus, past participle of dēfalcāre : see defalcate v.

Obsolete.

Curtailed, diminished.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > curtailed

abridgeda1382

docked1408

defalcate1531

decurted?1550

curtailed1561

limited1590

minced1609

clipped1788

razeed1821

shorn1853

restricted1856

curtate1875

fine-cut1894

1531 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) II. 107/1 Tua martis and tua mottonis.., siclike as is defalcate to utheris tenentis.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. x. sig. Rvii^v All thoughe philosophers in the description of vertues haue deuised to set them as it were in degrees..yet be nat these in any parte defalcate of their condigne praises.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

defalcatev.

/dɪˈfalkeɪt/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -at.

Etymology: < dēfalcāt-, participial stem of medieval Latin dēfalcāre (see Du Cange), < de- prefix 1a, 1b + Latin falx, falc-em sickle, reaping-hook, scythe. Compare French défalquer (14th cent. in Littré), Spanish defalcar, Italian diffalcare.

†1. transitive. To cut or lop off (a portion from a whole); to retrench, deduct, subtract, abate.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)]

abatec1400

rebate1425

batec1440

minishc1483

diminish?1504

detract1509

detray1509

deduct1524

defalkc1540

defalcate1541

subtray1549

derogate1561

discount1561

deduce?1566

substract1592

to strike off1597

reduct1600

subtract1610

subduct1716

to knock off1811

dock1891

shave1961

minus1963

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance vii. f. 15^v He shall defalcate that thyng that semeth superfluous.

1556 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 236 To tak consultatioun quhat suld be defalcat thairof les or mair.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. viii. 502/1 Rather..then to defalcate any iot of their couetous demaunds.

1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 496 To defalcate a substantiall part.

1653 T. Manton Pract. Comm. James ii. 10 Man is not..to defalcate and cut off such a considerable part of duty at his own pleasure.

1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. xxiv. 450 Those that had accounts to make to the king..used to defalcate a part and put it into their own pockets.

1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 439 Defalcating from the Money due to the English, the Sum which his Subjects demanded for their Indemnification.

1818 J. Bentham Plan Parl. Reform cccxvi.

1821 J. Bentham Elements Art of Packing 195 The least desire to see defalcated any the least particle of abuse from a system composed wholly of abuse.

†2.

a. To take or deduct a part from; to curtail, reduce. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail

wanea889

dockc1380

bridgec1384

abridgea1393

limita1398

syncopec1412

defalk1475

shortena1535

to cut short?1542

royn1573

retrench1587

curtail1589

retranch1589

lop1594

scantle1596

scant1599

scantelize1611

curtalize1622

defalce1651

detrench1655

barb1657

defalcatea1690

razee1815

detruncate1846

to cut down1857

shave1898

a1690 E. Hopkins 6th Commandm. in Expos. Ten Commandm. (1691) 92 To..defalcate, and as it were to decimate the laws of the great God.

1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 90 Such an one shall..be defalcated all those Particulars in his Account, where the Fraud appears.

1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 64. 506 If it [the mind] were defalcated and reduced.

1818 J. Bentham Church-of-Englandism 386 Let all pay..be defalcated, and applied to the real exigencies of the State.

b. To diminish or lessen in luminosity, heat, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > make dim [verb (transitive)]

fordima1050

dima1300

indim?1520

pall1539

bedim1582

efisc1656

appale1686

defalcate1808

bedull1836

scumble1905

1808 Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 156 Both phases appear to me sufficiently defalcated, to prove that the comet did not shine by light reflected from the sun only.

3. intransitive. To commit defalcations; to misappropriate property in one's charge.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (intransitive)]

malverse1640

peculate1730

default1797

defalcate1864

1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang.

1888 Daily News 23 July 5/1 Head clerks have defalcated.

1891 Law Times 92 19/1 The secretary of the society having defalcated, and being threatened..with criminal proceedings.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	defalcate
释义	† defalcateadj. Etymology: < medieval Latin dēfalcātus, past participle of dēfalcāre : see defalcate v. Obsolete. Curtailed, diminished. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > curtailed abridgeda1382 docked1408 defalcate1531 decurted?1550 curtailed1561 limited1590 minced1609 clipped1788 razeed1821 shorn1853 restricted1856 curtate1875 fine-cut1894 1531 in D. H. Fleming Registrum Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1921) II. 107/1 Tua martis and tua mottonis.., siclike as is defalcate to utheris tenentis. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. x. sig. Rvii^v All thoughe philosophers in the description of vertues haue deuised to set them as it were in degrees..yet be nat these in any parte defalcate of their condigne praises. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021). defalcatev. /dɪˈfalkeɪt/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s -at. Etymology: < dēfalcāt-, participial stem of medieval Latin dēfalcāre (see Du Cange), < de- prefix 1a, 1b + Latin falx, falc-em sickle, reaping-hook, scythe. Compare French défalquer (14th cent. in Littré), Spanish defalcar, Italian diffalcare. †1. transitive. To cut or lop off (a portion from a whole); to retrench, deduct, subtract, abate. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (transitive)] abatec1400 rebate1425 batec1440 minishc1483 diminish?1504 detract1509 detray1509 deduct1524 defalkc1540 defalcate1541 subtray1549 derogate1561 discount1561 deduce?1566 substract1592 to strike off1597 reduct1600 subtract1610 subduct1716 to knock off1811 dock1891 shave1961 minus1963 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance vii. f. 15^v He shall defalcate that thyng that semeth superfluous. 1556 Extracts Rec. in W. Chambers Charters Burgh Peebles (1872) 236 To tak consultatioun quhat suld be defalcat thairof les or mair. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. viii. 502/1 Rather..then to defalcate any iot of their couetous demaunds. 1624 Bp. F. White Replie to Iesuit Fishers Answere 496 To defalcate a substantiall part. 1653 T. Manton Pract. Comm. James ii. 10 Man is not..to defalcate and cut off such a considerable part of duty at his own pleasure. 1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. xxiv. 450 Those that had accounts to make to the king..used to defalcate a part and put it into their own pockets. 1755 N. Magens Ess. Insurances I. 439 Defalcating from the Money due to the English, the Sum which his Subjects demanded for their Indemnification. 1818 J. Bentham Plan Parl. Reform cccxvi. 1821 J. Bentham Elements Art of Packing 195 The least desire to see defalcated any the least particle of abuse from a system composed wholly of abuse. †2. a. To take or deduct a part from; to curtail, reduce. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] > curtail wanea889 dockc1380 bridgec1384 abridgea1393 limita1398 syncopec1412 defalk1475 shortena1535 to cut short?1542 royn1573 retrench1587 curtail1589 retranch1589 lop1594 scantle1596 scant1599 scantelize1611 curtalize1622 defalce1651 detrench1655 barb1657 defalcatea1690 razee1815 detruncate1846 to cut down1857 shave1898 a1690 E. Hopkins 6th Commandm. in Expos. Ten Commandm. (1691) 92 To..defalcate, and as it were to decimate the laws of the great God. 1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 90 Such an one shall..be defalcated all those Particulars in his Account, where the Fraud appears. 1793 W. Roberts Looker-on No. 64. 506 If it [the mind] were defalcated and reduced. 1818 J. Bentham Church-of-Englandism 386 Let all pay..be defalcated, and applied to the real exigencies of the State. b. To diminish or lessen in luminosity, heat, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > darkness or absence of light > dimness or absence of brightness > make dim [verb (transitive)] fordima1050 dima1300 indim?1520 pall1539 bedim1582 efisc1656 appale1686 defalcate1808 bedull1836 scumble1905 1808 Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 98 156 Both phases appear to me sufficiently defalcated, to prove that the comet did not shine by light reflected from the sun only. 3. intransitive. To commit defalcations; to misappropriate property in one's charge. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > embezzlement or misappropriation > embezzle or misappropriate [verb (intransitive)] malverse1640 peculate1730 default1797 defalcate1864 1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1888 Daily News 23 July 5/1 Head clerks have defalcated. 1891 Law Times 92 19/1 The secretary of the society having defalcated, and being threatened..with criminal proceedings. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.1531v.1541
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