alferezn.

Brit.

/alˈfɛrəz/, U.S.

/ælˈfɛrəz/

Inflections: Plural alfereces.

Forms:

α. 1500s alfierez, 1500s– alferes, 1500s– alferez, 1600s alfarez, 1600s alfeeres, 1600s alferese, 1600s alferis, 1600s alferish, 1600s alferitz, 1600s alferoes, 1600s alfieres, 1600s alpherez, 1600s olpherus, 2000s– alférez (plural alféreces).

β. 1500s alfere, 1500s–1600s alfiere, 1500s–1600s alfiero, 1500s–1600s alphere, 1600s alfara, 1600s alferie, 1600s alferife, 1600s alfero, 1600s alfier.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Spanish alférez; Portuguese alféres.

Etymology: Partly (originally) < Spanish alférez ensign, standard-bearer (10th cent. as †alfiereç; also †alferes, †alferiz, †alferaz, etc.; now historical), second lieutenant (1826 or earlier), and partly < Portuguese alféres ensign, standard-bearer (early 12th cent. as †alferez, †alferiz, †alferaz; now historical), both < Arabic al-fāris < al the + fāris horseman, mounted warrior < faras horse. The ensign was so called on account of the fact that the most able horseman in an army was usually chosen to act as standard-bearer.Most of the β. forms show inferred singulars based on α. forms used in plural contexts, which were reinterpreted as showing English plurals in -s ; some such forms may be after the corresponding inferred singulars in French or Italian. Compare Middle French, French †alfier (1575), French †alfière (a1630), Italian alfiere (a1600; 1545 as †alferes ), all showing inferred singulars, and Catalan alferes , alferis (second half of the 16th cent., now only in sense ‘second lieutenant’), all < Spanish. The forms alfero and alfiero, which are not paralleled in the Romance languages, apparently show alteration (within English) after nouns of Romance origin ending in -o. The plural forms reflect the Spanish plural form alféreces.

Now historical.

Chiefly in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking contexts: an ensign, a standard-bearer; a second lieutenant. Also occasionally figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > standard-bearer

gonfaneura1250

banneour1297

bannerer1387

standarda1425

banner-bearerc1440

standard-bearerc1453

stander bearerc1475

bannerman?a1500

gonfanonera1500

bannereta1513

pendant bearer1552

ancient-bearer1579

ensign1579

ensign-bearer1579

alferez1581

gonfalonier1586

guidon1591

abanderado1598

ancient1600

porte-guidon1656

vexillary1656

pennona1661

colour sergeant1813

1581 T. Nicholas tr. A. de Zárate Discov. & Conquest Peru iv. viii. f. 85 The right hande, had Alonso de Aluarado, who with his companie attended on the roiall Standarde: of which, was Alferez, Christoual de Barrientos.

c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 10 Losinge my Alfierez Davis Pursell.

1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 21 I have seene..the Alferes themselves to passe into other ranks to fight, leauing the Ensigne with the Abanderado.

1633 H. Hawkins Partheneia Sacra 49 It [sc. the sunflower] is the true Alferes of hearbs, bearing vp the standard of Flora, amidst the rest of flowers.

1679 in T. B. Howell State Trials (1816) VII. 347 There are no lieutenants in all the Flanders companies, only Captains and Alfara's.

1769 tr. P. de Charlevoix Hist. Paraguay I. v. 285 The Alferez, who carries the great standard, appears mounted on a proud courser richly caparisoned.

1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada I. xii. 120 In this desperate struggle, the alferez, or standard-bearer of the master, with his standard, was lost.

1883 H. H. Bancroft et al. Hist. Mexico III. i. 23 As the alféreces approached they lowered the standards, and placed them at the foot of the coffin.

1921 Q. Rev. July 87 Independent journals of the same voyage are presented—one by a junior officer who ranked as an alferez.

2003 Americas 60 203 When the alférez entered the Cathedral on the day of the jura, he moved immediately to the main altar and lowered the standard three times before the host.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	alferez
释义	alferezn. Brit. /alˈfɛrəz/, U.S. /ælˈfɛrəz/ Inflections: Plural alfereces. Forms: α. 1500s alfierez, 1500s– alferes, 1500s– alferez, 1600s alfarez, 1600s alfeeres, 1600s alferese, 1600s alferis, 1600s alferish, 1600s alferitz, 1600s alferoes, 1600s alfieres, 1600s alpherez, 1600s olpherus, 2000s– alférez (plural alféreces). β. 1500s alfere, 1500s–1600s alfiere, 1500s–1600s alfiero, 1500s–1600s alphere, 1600s alfara, 1600s alferie, 1600s alferife, 1600s alfero, 1600s alfier. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Spanish alférez; Portuguese alféres. Etymology: Partly (originally) < Spanish alférez ensign, standard-bearer (10th cent. as †alfiereç; also †alferes, †alferiz, †alferaz, etc.; now historical), second lieutenant (1826 or earlier), and partly < Portuguese alféres ensign, standard-bearer (early 12th cent. as †alferez, †alferiz, †alferaz; now historical), both < Arabic al-fāris < al the + fāris horseman, mounted warrior < faras horse. The ensign was so called on account of the fact that the most able horseman in an army was usually chosen to act as standard-bearer.Most of the β. forms show inferred singulars based on α. forms used in plural contexts, which were reinterpreted as showing English plurals in -s ; some such forms may be after the corresponding inferred singulars in French or Italian. Compare Middle French, French †alfier (1575), French †alfière (a1630), Italian alfiere (a1600; 1545 as †alferes ), all showing inferred singulars, and Catalan alferes , alferis (second half of the 16th cent., now only in sense ‘second lieutenant’), all < Spanish. The forms alfero and alfiero, which are not paralleled in the Romance languages, apparently show alteration (within English) after nouns of Romance origin ending in -o. The plural forms reflect the Spanish plural form alféreces. Now historical. Chiefly in Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking contexts: an ensign, a standard-bearer; a second lieutenant. Also occasionally figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier with special duty > [noun] > standard-bearer gonfaneura1250 banneour1297 bannerer1387 standarda1425 banner-bearerc1440 standard-bearerc1453 stander bearerc1475 bannerman?a1500 gonfanonera1500 bannereta1513 pendant bearer1552 ancient-bearer1579 ensign1579 ensign-bearer1579 alferez1581 gonfalonier1586 guidon1591 abanderado1598 ancient1600 porte-guidon1656 vexillary1656 pennona1661 colour sergeant1813 1581 T. Nicholas tr. A. de Zárate Discov. & Conquest Peru iv. viii. f. 85 The right hande, had Alonso de Aluarado, who with his companie attended on the roiall Standarde: of which, was Alferez, Christoual de Barrientos. c1595 T. Maynarde Sir Francis Drake his Voy. (1849) 10 Losinge my Alfierez Davis Pursell. 1598 R. Barret Theorike & Pract. Mod. Warres ii. 21 I have seene..the Alferes themselves to passe into other ranks to fight, leauing the Ensigne with the Abanderado. 1633 H. Hawkins Partheneia Sacra 49 It [sc. the sunflower] is the true Alferes of hearbs, bearing vp the standard of Flora, amidst the rest of flowers. 1679 in T. B. Howell State Trials (1816) VII. 347 There are no lieutenants in all the Flanders companies, only Captains and Alfara's. 1769 tr. P. de Charlevoix Hist. Paraguay I. v. 285 The Alferez, who carries the great standard, appears mounted on a proud courser richly caparisoned. 1829 W. Irving Chron. Conq. Granada I. xii. 120 In this desperate struggle, the alferez, or standard-bearer of the master, with his standard, was lost. 1883 H. H. Bancroft et al. Hist. Mexico III. i. 23 As the alféreces approached they lowered the standards, and placed them at the foot of the coffin. 1921 Q. Rev. July 87 Independent journals of the same voyage are presented—one by a junior officer who ranked as an alferez. 2003 Americas 60 203 When the alférez entered the Cathedral on the day of the jura, he moved immediately to the main altar and lowered the standard three times before the host. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1581
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