decimatev.

Brit.

/ˈdɛsᵻmeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈdɛsəˌmeɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin decimāt-, decimāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin decimāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of decimāre (also decumāre) to execute every tenth man chosen by lot, to make an offering of tithe to a god, in post-classical Latin also to exact a tithe from (Vetus Latina), to divide into ten parts (5th cent.) < decimus tenth (see decimal adj.). Compare Middle French decimer , Middle French, French décimer (1559 in sense 1a, 1793 in sense 1c), Spanish dezmar (first half of the 13th cent., earliest in sense 1a). Compare earlier decimation n.In sense 1b originally after Italian decimare (1624 (in the passage translated in quot. 1626) or earlier in this sense; a1521 in sense 1a, a1566 in sense 1c).

a. transitive. Chiefly Roman History. With reference to military punishment: to select by lot and put to death one in every ten of (a body of soldiers found guilty of desertion, mutiny, or other crime). Also occasionally intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)] > one in ten or decimate

tithe1583

decimate1591

tenth1598

1591 H. Savile Annot. vpon Tacitus 29 in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. Seuen thousand were slaine by Galba ad pontem Miluium, and the rest decimated.

c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 42 All..were by a martiall courte condemned to dye, which sentence was yet mittigated by the Lord Lieutenants mercy, by which they were onely decimated by lott.

a1639 H. Wotton Earle of Essex & Duke of Buckingham: Parallel in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 30 In Ireland..he [sc. Earl of Essex] decimated certain troops that ran away, renewing a peece of the Roman Discipline.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. ii. 122 Sometimes the criminals were decimated by lot..for the Souldiers being made to fear the bigger fear of their Generals, would never fear the less fear of the Enemy.

1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. iii. 185 Appius decimated, that is, put every Tenth Man to death among the Soldiers.

1737 Dublin Gaz. 4 Feb. Such as shall be convicted of having been wanting in their Duty, will be very severely punished..they talk of decimating those Companies.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Centesimate Macrinus sometimes decimated and sometimes centesimated the soldiers.

1840 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula VI. xxii. v. 293 The soldiers could not be decimated until captured.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 577 Who is to determine whether it be or be not necessary..to decimate a large body of mutineers?

1914 J. C. Rolfe tr. Suetonius Lives Caesars I. ii. 157 If any cohorts gave way in battle, he decimated them, and fed the rest on barley.

1917 Manch. Guardian 16 June 4 The Tsech regiments who..showed a mutinous spirit were in many cases literally decimated.

2006 Hist. Refl. 32 238 Claudius successfully invoked the full weight of Roman military justice, executing individuals who threw away their arms and decimating the army as a whole.

b. transitive. To kill, destroy, or remove one in every ten of.In later use usually with an indication that the more general sense 1c is not intended, esp. by use of literally.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (transitive)] > one in ten

tithe1583

decimate1626

1626 C. Potter tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Quarrels v. 256 Their [sc. the prisoners'] ingratitude herein is so intollerable, that if it belonged to me, I should cause them to be decimated [It. decimar] for example vnto others.

a1690 E. Hopkins 6th Commandm. in Expos. Ten Commandm. (1691) 92 To..defalcate, and as it were, to decimate the Laws of the great God.

1740 Universal Hist. (ed. 2) I. i. vii. 628 As for the manner in which the cattle was usually decimated, we shall give it in Maimon's own words.

1786 Arpasia I. xxiv. 200 Most assemblies would be decimated at least, were we to be scrupulous who we let in.

1846 Addr. of Trustees (Burlington Coll.) (ed. 2) 51 Suppose that one in ten be found, after fair trial, and long patience, quite impracticable... There will still be seventy-two. And these, if needful, may again be decimated.

1878 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 62 The climate was eminently unfavourable to Europeans, and its fatal effects literally decimated the naval and military forces which garrisoned the colony.

1921 Youth's Compan. 5 May 279 There are at least 3,000,000 fewer French people than there were in 1911, and the loss may prove to be almost 4,000,000. That would mean that France has been literally decimated.

1998 P. Gourevitch We wish to inform You 3 Decimation means the killing of every tenth person in a population, and in the spring and early summer of 1994 a program of massacres decimated the Republic of Rwanda.

c. transitive. More generally: to reduce drastically or severely; to destroy, ruin, devastate.This use has sometimes been criticized on etymological grounds (see, for example, M. West & P. F. Kimber Deskbk. Correct Eng. (1957) 119 and quot. 1944), but is now the most usual sense in standard English.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence > in large numbers

mowa1522

decimate1812

the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (transitive)]

to bathe in bloodc1300

murderc1325

to make larder ofa1330

spend1481

to lick upa1500

slaught1535

butcher1562

wipe1577

slaughter1586

massacre1588

dispeople1596

shamble1601

depeople?1611

mow1615

internecate1623

dislaughter1661

mop1899

pogrom1915

decimate1944

overkill1946

1660 Word to Ranting Royalists (single sheet) So..That a Righteous cause may no more be blasted with your Scandals, Party..decimated, as it were again in its reputation, for the Enormities, of a few..of your number.

1662 H. Foulis Hist. Wicked Plots ii. i. 74 Their after actions, which are so many against the King and Kingdom..that it is impossible for me in this Compendium to decimate them into a relation, their very printed Acts and Ordinances in that time amounting to above 530.

1795 Oracle & Public Advertiser 28 Mar. To what cause..can you impute the forced exclusion of your Colleagues? At that fatal epoch, you saw the Convention decimated.

1812 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 79 181 An expurgatory index, pointing out the papers which it would be fatiguing to peruse, and thus decimating the contents into legibility.

1862 Observer 7 Dec. 5 Applications to Parliament for acts to construct railways, the effect of which will be not only to destroy hundreds of thousands of pounds' worth of private property, but to completely decimate entire districts of its population.

1883 L. Oliphant Haifa (1887) 76 Cholera..was then decimating the country.

1944 Manch. Guardian 7 Mar. 3 ‘Absolutely decimated the lot of 'em,’ he [sc. the soldier] declared. The other man, something of a pedant, winced at the word. ‘Decimated?’ he murmured deprecatingly. ‘Yes, wiped out.’

1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 81 They had been secretly certain that, when the time of trial arrived, Jesus would summon legions of avenging angels who would decimate his enemies.

2003 R. Rhodes Cruising Guide Florida's Big Bend i. 17/1 Primarily due to the explorers' diseases, the Apalachee population..was decimated to one quarter of its size in only 80 years.

2013 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 9 July 6 Leicester Homelessness Council spokesman..said: ‘I think it [sc. the reduction in the number of hostel beds] will totally decimate the services.’

†2. transitive. To exact a tenth or a tithe from; to tax to the amount of one tenth. Obsolete.In quot. 1606: intransitive to pay such a tithe or tax.In English History, popularly applied to the tax levied by Cromwell on the Royalists in 1655; cf. decimation n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [verb (transitive)] > exact tithe of > exact tithe from

tithe?c1225

decimate1606

addecimate1623

1606 H. Clapham Man. Bibles Doctr. iv. 58 Nor can it be imagined that the ancient Heathen did so decimate to their Priestes, but for that they had the example thereof traditionally from the beginning of Sacrifice.

1646 T. Lushington Crell's Expiation of Sinner vii. 122 The Leviticall Priests have no cause to boast, as if to their line alone this right and priviledge were granted of taking tithes from the people; seeing he who neither belongs to their line, nor accounts himselfe of it, did..decimate Abraham himselfe.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Decimate, to take the tenth, to gather the Tyth.

1738 D. Neal Hist. Puritans IV. 96 That all who had been in arms for the king..should be decimated; that is pay a tenth part of their estates.

1771 London Mag. Apr. 224/2 The vast sums he [sc. Cromwell] had raised by decimating the cavaliers.

1825 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 170/1 Your agent must..receive a tenth part of the morning's and evening's milking; he must decimate the apples and cabbages as they are gathered, and the eggs as they are laid.

1868 C. Lofft Ernest (ed. 2) ii. 31 It gives To him all Christian brotherhood—faith, peace, Good-will, to make his sport of them; and leaves The parson, flock, and field to decimate.

†3. transitive. To divide (something) into tenths, or into tenths, hundredths, and so on; to decimalize. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > divide > particular number of times

decimate1678

1678 J. Hawkins Cocker's Arithm. i. 13 By decimating the former and sub-decimating these latter, we run on ad infinitum.

1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 22 The Chinese..are so happy as to have their Parts of an Integer in their Coins, &c. decimated.

1875 J. W. Nystrom New Treat. Elements Mech. 309 When the metrical system was first established in France, it was intended to decimate also the circle and the time.

Derivatives

ˈdecimated adj. that has been decimated (in various senses; originally often sense 2, now usually sense 1c).

ΚΠ

1658 R. Brathwait Honest Ghost 310 Your most devotionall decimated Servant.

1661 T. Hall Expos. Prophecy Amos 207 He had told them before,..that God would decimate them, and here he tells them that God would be merciful to this decimated Remnant if they would but return to him.

1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant ii. i. 18 I have heard you are as poor as a decimated Cavalier.

1865 J. F. Hurst Hist. Rationalism ii. 57 All that remained were a decimated population and smoking ruins.

1920 I. Hamilton Gallipoli Diary vi. 176 The next most fatal heresy is to think that, having won the battle, decimated troops can go on defeating fresh enemies without getting their 10 per cent. renewed.

2002 Sport Fishing Sept. 6/1 Going from one decimated species to the next works for just so long.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	decimate
释义	† decimaten. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin decimatus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin decimatus area from which a tithe is collected (12th cent.), entitlement to tithe (12th cent. in a British source) < classical Latin decimāt- , past participial stem of decimāre decimate v. + -tus, suffix forming verbal nouns.In sense 2 influenced by decimal n. 1. Obsolete. rare. 1. A tax or payment of one tenth; a tithe. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > tithe tithingOE decimaa1325 dime1377 decimationc1460 tenth1587 tithe1600 in-teinds1621 decimate1641 1641 T. Heywood Reader, here you'l plainly See 1 That not with their due Decimates content Both Tythe and Totall must encrease their rent? 1705 A. Chaves tr. Sieur de La Croix Wars Turks with Poland 85 All the Polish Nobility..shall be oblig'd to pay to the Port the Tributes, Decimates [Fr. Decimes], and other Rights that shall be Levied on their Possessions. 2. Originally: a tenth part. In later use: a set of ten similar items. Cf. decimal n. 1.Later only in allusion to Hooke. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > specific numbers > ten > [noun] > a tenth tenth part (deal, dole)854 tithingc1300 teindc1330 tithelingc1390 tentha1400 tithe?a1475 denary1577 decimal1610 point1616 decima1631 decimate1676 1676 R. Hooke Descr. Helioscopes 31 To fill the vacancy of the ensuing page, I have here added a decimate of the centesme of the Inventions I intend to publish. [A list of ten follows.] 1789 Encycl. Brit. IV. 292/1 The marquis of Worcester published a Century of inventions..and Dr Hooke has given a decimate of inventions, as part of a Century, of which he affirmed himself master. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online September 2021). decimatev. Brit. /ˈdɛsᵻmeɪt/, U.S. /ˈdɛsəˌmeɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin decimāt-, decimāre. Etymology: < classical Latin decimāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of decimāre (also decumāre) to execute every tenth man chosen by lot, to make an offering of tithe to a god, in post-classical Latin also to exact a tithe from (Vetus Latina), to divide into ten parts (5th cent.) < decimus tenth (see decimal adj.). Compare Middle French decimer , Middle French, French décimer (1559 in sense 1a, 1793 in sense 1c), Spanish dezmar (first half of the 13th cent., earliest in sense 1a). Compare earlier decimation n.In sense 1b originally after Italian decimare (1624 (in the passage translated in quot. 1626) or earlier in this sense; a1521 in sense 1a, a1566 in sense 1c). 1. a. transitive. Chiefly Roman History. With reference to military punishment: to select by lot and put to death one in every ten of (a body of soldiers found guilty of desertion, mutiny, or other crime). Also occasionally intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > execute [verb (transitive)] > one in ten or decimate tithe1583 decimate1591 tenth1598 1591 H. Savile Annot. vpon Tacitus 29 in tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. Seuen thousand were slaine by Galba ad pontem Miluium, and the rest decimated. c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 42 All..were by a martiall courte condemned to dye, which sentence was yet mittigated by the Lord Lieutenants mercy, by which they were onely decimated by lott. a1639 H. Wotton Earle of Essex & Duke of Buckingham: Parallel in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 30 In Ireland..he [sc. Earl of Essex] decimated certain troops that ran away, renewing a peece of the Roman Discipline. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iii. ii. 122 Sometimes the criminals were decimated by lot..for the Souldiers being made to fear the bigger fear of their Generals, would never fear the less fear of the Enemy. 1720 J. Ozell et al. tr. R. A. de Vertot Hist. Revol. Rom. Republic I. iii. 185 Appius decimated, that is, put every Tenth Man to death among the Soldiers. 1737 Dublin Gaz. 4 Feb. Such as shall be convicted of having been wanting in their Duty, will be very severely punished..they talk of decimating those Companies. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Centesimate Macrinus sometimes decimated and sometimes centesimated the soldiers. 1840 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula VI. xxii. v. 293 The soldiers could not be decimated until captured. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 577 Who is to determine whether it be or be not necessary..to decimate a large body of mutineers? 1914 J. C. Rolfe tr. Suetonius Lives Caesars I. ii. 157 If any cohorts gave way in battle, he decimated them, and fed the rest on barley. 1917 Manch. Guardian 16 June 4 The Tsech regiments who..showed a mutinous spirit were in many cases literally decimated. 2006 Hist. Refl. 32 238 Claudius successfully invoked the full weight of Roman military justice, executing individuals who threw away their arms and decimating the army as a whole. b. transitive. To kill, destroy, or remove one in every ten of.In later use usually with an indication that the more general sense 1c is not intended, esp. by use of literally. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (transitive)] > one in ten tithe1583 decimate1626 1626 C. Potter tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Quarrels v. 256 Their [sc. the prisoners'] ingratitude herein is so intollerable, that if it belonged to me, I should cause them to be decimated [It. decimar] for example vnto others. a1690 E. Hopkins 6th Commandm. in Expos. Ten Commandm. (1691) 92 To..defalcate, and as it were, to decimate the Laws of the great God. 1740 Universal Hist. (ed. 2) I. i. vii. 628 As for the manner in which the cattle was usually decimated, we shall give it in Maimon's own words. 1786 Arpasia I. xxiv. 200 Most assemblies would be decimated at least, were we to be scrupulous who we let in. 1846 Addr. of Trustees (Burlington Coll.) (ed. 2) 51 Suppose that one in ten be found, after fair trial, and long patience, quite impracticable... There will still be seventy-two. And these, if needful, may again be decimated. 1878 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 62 The climate was eminently unfavourable to Europeans, and its fatal effects literally decimated the naval and military forces which garrisoned the colony. 1921 Youth's Compan. 5 May 279 There are at least 3,000,000 fewer French people than there were in 1911, and the loss may prove to be almost 4,000,000. That would mean that France has been literally decimated. 1998 P. Gourevitch We wish to inform You 3 Decimation means the killing of every tenth person in a population, and in the spring and early summer of 1994 a program of massacres decimated the Republic of Rwanda. c. transitive. More generally: to reduce drastically or severely; to destroy, ruin, devastate.This use has sometimes been criticized on etymological grounds (see, for example, M. West & P. F. Kimber Deskbk. Correct Eng. (1957) 119 and quot. 1944), but is now the most usual sense in standard English. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > annihilate or blot out of existence > in large numbers mowa1522 decimate1812 the world > life > death > killing > slaughter > [verb (transitive)] to bathe in bloodc1300 murderc1325 to make larder ofa1330 spend1481 to lick upa1500 slaught1535 butcher1562 wipe1577 slaughter1586 massacre1588 dispeople1596 shamble1601 depeople?1611 mow1615 internecate1623 dislaughter1661 mop1899 pogrom1915 decimate1944 overkill1946 1660 Word to Ranting Royalists (single sheet) So..That a Righteous cause may no more be blasted with your Scandals, Party..decimated, as it were again in its reputation, for the Enormities, of a few..of your number. 1662 H. Foulis Hist. Wicked Plots ii. i. 74 Their after actions, which are so many against the King and Kingdom..that it is impossible for me in this Compendium to decimate them into a relation, their very printed Acts and Ordinances in that time amounting to above 530. 1795 Oracle & Public Advertiser 28 Mar. To what cause..can you impute the forced exclusion of your Colleagues? At that fatal epoch, you saw the Convention decimated. 1812 W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. 79 181 An expurgatory index, pointing out the papers which it would be fatiguing to peruse, and thus decimating the contents into legibility. 1862 Observer 7 Dec. 5 Applications to Parliament for acts to construct railways, the effect of which will be not only to destroy hundreds of thousands of pounds' worth of private property, but to completely decimate entire districts of its population. 1883 L. Oliphant Haifa (1887) 76 Cholera..was then decimating the country. 1944 Manch. Guardian 7 Mar. 3 ‘Absolutely decimated the lot of 'em,’ he [sc. the soldier] declared. The other man, something of a pedant, winced at the word. ‘Decimated?’ he murmured deprecatingly. ‘Yes, wiped out.’ 1957 J. Bishop Day Christ Died (1959) 81 They had been secretly certain that, when the time of trial arrived, Jesus would summon legions of avenging angels who would decimate his enemies. 2003 R. Rhodes Cruising Guide Florida's Big Bend i. 17/1 Primarily due to the explorers' diseases, the Apalachee population..was decimated to one quarter of its size in only 80 years. 2013 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 9 July 6 Leicester Homelessness Council spokesman..said: ‘I think it [sc. the reduction in the number of hostel beds] will totally decimate the services.’ †2. transitive. To exact a tenth or a tithe from; to tax to the amount of one tenth. Obsolete.In quot. 1606: intransitive to pay such a tithe or tax.In English History, popularly applied to the tax levied by Cromwell on the Royalists in 1655; cf. decimation n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [verb (transitive)] > exact tithe of > exact tithe from tithe?c1225 decimate1606 addecimate1623 1606 H. Clapham Man. Bibles Doctr. iv. 58 Nor can it be imagined that the ancient Heathen did so decimate to their Priestes, but for that they had the example thereof traditionally from the beginning of Sacrifice. 1646 T. Lushington Crell's Expiation of Sinner vii. 122 The Leviticall Priests have no cause to boast, as if to their line alone this right and priviledge were granted of taking tithes from the people; seeing he who neither belongs to their line, nor accounts himselfe of it, did..decimate Abraham himselfe. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Decimate, to take the tenth, to gather the Tyth. 1738 D. Neal Hist. Puritans IV. 96 That all who had been in arms for the king..should be decimated; that is pay a tenth part of their estates. 1771 London Mag. Apr. 224/2 The vast sums he [sc. Cromwell] had raised by decimating the cavaliers. 1825 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 170/1 Your agent must..receive a tenth part of the morning's and evening's milking; he must decimate the apples and cabbages as they are gathered, and the eggs as they are laid. 1868 C. Lofft Ernest (ed. 2) ii. 31 It gives To him all Christian brotherhood—faith, peace, Good-will, to make his sport of them; and leaves The parson, flock, and field to decimate. †3. transitive. To divide (something) into tenths, or into tenths, hundredths, and so on; to decimalize. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > perform arithmetic or algebraic operations [verb (transitive)] > divide > particular number of times decimate1678 1678 J. Hawkins Cocker's Arithm. i. 13 By decimating the former and sub-decimating these latter, we run on ad infinitum. 1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 22 The Chinese..are so happy as to have their Parts of an Integer in their Coins, &c. decimated. 1875 J. W. Nystrom New Treat. Elements Mech. 309 When the metrical system was first established in France, it was intended to decimate also the circle and the time. Derivatives ˈdecimated adj. that has been decimated (in various senses; originally often sense 2, now usually sense 1c). ΚΠ 1658 R. Brathwait Honest Ghost 310 Your most devotionall decimated Servant. 1661 T. Hall Expos. Prophecy Amos 207 He had told them before,..that God would decimate them, and here he tells them that God would be merciful to this decimated Remnant if they would but return to him. 1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant ii. i. 18 I have heard you are as poor as a decimated Cavalier. 1865 J. F. Hurst Hist. Rationalism ii. 57 All that remained were a decimated population and smoking ruins. 1920 I. Hamilton Gallipoli Diary vi. 176 The next most fatal heresy is to think that, having won the battle, decimated troops can go on defeating fresh enemies without getting their 10 per cent. renewed. 2002 Sport Fishing Sept. 6/1 Going from one decimated species to the next works for just so long. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1641v.1591
随便看	reaming reaming dish reaming full reamount reampiggy reams reamy rean reanalyse reanalysed reanalyser reanalysers reanalyses reanalysing reanalysis reanalyze reanalyzed reanalyzer reanalyzers reanalyzes reanalyzing reanchor reanimalization reanimalize reanimate

† decimaten.

decimatev.

Derivatives