cyto-comb. form

1905 Rev. Neurol. & Psychiatry 3 574 (note) By its use Golgi himself discovered only slight cyto-architectonic differences between occipital and motor cortex.

1956 D. Sholl Organization of Cerebral Cortex viii. 110 The failure to produce concordant maps by means of cytoarchitectonic studies results from the lack of objective criteria for making the subdivisions.

2001 Nature 29 Nov. 505/1 It is known from cytoarchitectonic and electrical stimulation studies that many non-human primates, including the great apes, possess a homologue of area 44.

1909 Bull. No. 1 (Govt. Hosp. for Insane) 53 The name of Cytoarchitektonik has been given by Brodmann to the fundamental plan according to which the lamination of the several cell layers is made in the cortex.]

1920 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 52 202 Cortical cytoarchitectonics.

1978 Nature 3 Aug. 423/1 It was also based in part on the anatomical method of cytoarchitectonics, which analyses how cells in different parts of the cerebral cortex are grouped into layers.

1988 Nature 28 Jan. 348/1 At this age the cytoarchitectonics of area 17 are quite distinctive.

2008 Biol. Psychiatry 64 83/2 The cortical regions comprising these modules differ in cytoarchitectonics, because of their specialization.

1912 M. Thorek tr. F. Krause Surg. Brain & Spinal Cord II. 346 The cytoarchitectural arrangement of the excised cortical part proves it to belong to the anterior central convolution.

1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. xii. 298 Cytoarchitectural studies on some other mammals..have demonstrated similar cytoarchitectural areas in similar topographic areas.

2008 Psychoneuroendocrinol. 33 719/2 In line with these neurochemical and cytoarchitectural changes, a number of animal studies provided evidence for estrogen effects on cognition and emotion.

1917 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 28 524 Cytoarchitecturally the cortex of the sagittal section is divided into several areas characterized by the difference of cell-lamination.

1948 A. Brodal Neurol. Anat. vi. 159 These sensory cortical areas differ cyto-architecturally from the surrounding areas.

2008 Magn. Resonance Imaging 26 509/1 The location and shape of the region conform very closely to the cytoarchitecturally defined area cmc2.

1908 Cleveland Med. Jrnl. 7 462 The study of the cyto-architecture by Campbell and Brodmann has caused the former to divide the cortex into seven layers and the latter into six.

1996 Interzone Mar. 44/1 Humans, in consequence have a double censor built into the cytoarchitecture of the pons, which not only inhibits motor activity but memory as well.

2008 Vision Res. 48 2003 (caption) Wild-type littermate mice..exhibited normal retinal cytoarchitecture and normal photoreceptor nuclei number in the outer nuclear layer.

1966 Science 18 Nov. 935/2 (advt.) Learn the full story on the Cyto-Centrifuge and other quality scientific tools.

1975 Nature 12 June 555/1 The cells were examined for rosette formation..in a haemocytometer, and Giemsa stained cytocentrifuge preparations.

2007 Environmental Health Perspectives 115 937/3 At 72 hr after culture initiation, the cells were spun on glass slides with a cytocentrifuge.

1913 O. C. Gruner Biol. Blood-cells iv. 163 This is well brought out by the careful cyto-chemical studies of splenic pulp.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) II. li. 1206/1 Common cytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of cells producing polypeptide hormones..and their relevance to thyroid and ultimobranchial C cells and calcitonin.

2001 N. J. Lane in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 74 They often feature microtubules, seen in cross-section as spheres, and bundles of fibrous microfilaments of actin or other proteins, often only discoverable by biochemical or cytochemical analyses.

1905 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 76 222 The cyto-chemist has a means of determining the presence..to a certain extent of sodium and potassium in tissues.

1946 Nature 21 Dec. 917/1 It might be feared that his remarks will leave the cytochemist with a gloomy feeling.

1990 Proc. Royal Microsc. Soc. 25 411/1 Dr Smith was also the first cytochemist who was aware of the importance of purification of glutaraldehyde.

1900 Bot. Gaz. 29 446 The latter [sc. cyto-physiology] is further divided into a) cyto-mechanics..and b) cyto-chemistry.

1960 Times 26 May 3/2 Honours graduate required for the cyto-chemistry section of the Division of Pathology.

1997 Parasitol. Res. 83 126 The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of merogonial, gamogonial, and early sporogonial stages of Eimeria sparis in the intestine of Sparus aurata were studied.

1891 Med. Bull. Jan. 5/1 Here the theory of M. Padey would apply, simply by diverting the cytocidal proclivity of the arsenic from the leucocytes toward the protophytum.

1988 Nature 22 Sept. 369/1 Targeted toxins represent a new approach to specific cytocidal therapy.

2008 Vaccine 26 4212/1 Virus from influenza-positive cultures was quantified in an assay that measured infectious, cytocidal virus in confluent Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells.

1968 Lancet 23 Nov. 1123/1 The alkaloid has been shown to act cytocidally on the majority of C.L.L.-lymphocytes.

1973 R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xxi. 558/2 Cells..cytocidally or permissively infected with these agents..yield 500–1000 progeny viruses per cell.

2005 G. Berke & W. R. Clark Killer Lymphocytes ii. 31 The finding that cytocidally active cells could be obtained from the thoracic duct of animals that had rejected allografts showed that the attacking cells were part of a recirculating population of lymphocytes.

1879 tr. E. Haeckel Evol. Man I. 176 I shall call it [sc. the fertilized egg-cell] the parent-cell (cytula), and its kernel (nucleus) the parent-kernel (cytococcus).

1900 Med. News 1 Sept. 351/1 His method he [sc. Widal] calls that of cytodiagnosis, i.e., cell diagnosis, and he uses it also for the differentiation of exudates in the joints and other serous cavities in the body.

1965 tr. Smolka & Soost's Outl. & Atlas Gynaecol. Cytodiagnosis 3 The development of fundamental cytology and cytodiagnosis in other medical fields has been furthered by the work of the American Society of Cytology.

2003 Diagnostic Cytopathol. 28 205/1 Cytodiagnosis of primary lymphoma of bone has not been well documented because of its rarity.

1908 Anat. Rec. 2 147 After 9 cm. the pyloric cyto differentiation is practically complete.

1949 P. Weiss in A. K. Parpart Chem. & Physiol. Growth vii. 144 It is by virtue of properties acquired in cytodifferentiation that cells can combine, interact, and arrange themselves in certain specific ways.

2000 Anat. Rec. 259 113 The notochordal cells undergo a second cytodifferentiation characterized by..secretion of materials that thicken the perichordal sheath.

1939 R. Wichterman in Nature 15 July 123/1 The micro-nucleus of each cytogamont leaves its place near the macro-nucleus and then gradually increases in size.

1950 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 69 310 This stage is a little earlier than the one described by Wichterman (1940) for the separation of living ‘cytogamonts’.

2000 K. M. Karrer in D. J. Asai & J. D. Forney Methods Cell Biol. 62 i. 156 Most of them are cytogamonts.

1918 Jrnl. Morphol. 30 576 The osmotic theory of cytogamous fertilization as shown by some amoebae.

1939 R. Wichterman in Nature 15 July 123/1 Cytogamous paramecia, which are considerably smaller than typical vegetative ones, are very insecurely attached to each other at their anterior ends at the beginning of the process.

1986 Cell 47 238/1 The successive treatments with pm and 6mp eliminated all nonconjugants and cytogamous progeny.

1899 Zool. Rec. 35 xviii. 14 Cytogamy and reproduction in the Foraminifera.

1906 M. Hartog in Cambr. Nat. Hist. I. i. 33 This process [sc. syngamy] is called also ‘conjugation’ or ‘cytogamy’.

1939 R. Wichterman in Nature 15 July 123/1 I am therefore proposing a new term, cytogamy, for this phenomenon as distinct from autogamy in single individuals and true conjugation involving a nuclear transfer in joined pairs.

1961 D. L. Mackinnon & R. S. J. Hawes Introd. Study Protozoa iv. 292 The life-cycle of Paramecium is complicated. It consists of periods of growth interrupted by binary fission, which is its only means of multiplication, and periodic recourse to the curious sexual processes of conjugation, autogamy, and cytogamy.

1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) iv. 350 Conjugation always consists of at least two processes: hyphal (cytoplasmic fusion, or cytogamy) and nuclear fusion, or karyogamy.

1842 London Med. Gaz. 13 Aug. 754 Equally indispensable to that of physiology is a just appreciation of the phenomena of cytogenesis.

1844 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 61 30 The doctrine of cytogenesis undoubtedly embraces a vast number of facts.

1937 G. Boas Primer for Critics ii. 48 One could have known nothing about cancer without all the preliminary and apparently useless studies in cytogenesis.

2001 Ann. Bot. 88 1142/2 Nowhere is the co-location of cytogenesis and histogenesis more evident than in the structural initials of apical meristems.

1868 W. M. Fox On Artific. Production Tubercle 8 A structure is thus produced, having the strongest resemblance to the elementary composition of a lymphatic gland, or to the cytogenic tissue of it.

1873 Lancet 19 Apr. 562/1 The tissue thus formed has been called by Kölliker and His ‘cytogenic’.

1891 Amer. Naturalist 25 1029 The nucleus does not dominate all cytogenic phenomena.

1957 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 70 342 They were irreparable cytogenic defects as judged from the histological studies.

2008 Jrnl. Neurochem. 106 216/1 Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), long studied for their role in neural development, are also neuroprotective and cytogenic in the adult brain.

1867 Quain's Elements Anat. (ed. 7) I. p. cxcix The substance of the membrane in which these parts lie is constructed of the variety of connective tissue known as cytogenous or retiform..which is formed of ramified and reticularly connected corpuscles.

1922 Jrnl. Parasitol. 8 162 The body of the cercaria is full of cytogenous glands which give it a dark appearance.

2000 Human Reprod. 15 767/1 Among endometriotic lesions, a certain distinction is drawn between musculo-glandular lesions and glandular lesions composed of endometrial-like epithelium surrounded by a cell-producing (cytogenous) stroma.

1857 E. R. Peaslee Human Histol. ii. iv. 120 (heading) Development of cells (Cytogeny).

1892 Jrnl. Morphol. 6 460 I have not yet succeeded, however, in tracing the cytogeny with certainty beyond this point, and the origin of the mesoblast therefore still remains undetermined.

2003 J. Sapp Genesis xix. 246 That the nucleus may have evolved as a microbial symbiont living in a primitive host cell was suggested in the nineteenth century by Watase in 1893 as part of the field he envisioned as cytogeny.

1978 W. W. Franke et al. in Exper. Cell Res. 116 443/2 On the basis of the similarity we suggest that 6–11 nm thick filaments present in a variety of epithelial cells contain prekeratin-like polypeptides for which we propose the collective term ‘cytokeratins’.

1989 N.Y. Times 21 Nov. c6/4 These [abnormal bone marrow] cells do not absorb bone marrow stains and stain positive for cytokeratin, a protein normally found in the lining of the breast and colon.

2002 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 2246/1 Disseminated cancer cells in bone marrow express epithelial cytokeratins (CK) and are therefore immunocytochemically detectable.

1901 17th Ann. Rep. Bureau Animal Industry 1900 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 257 Some more recent researches have treated of an important class of cellular poisons, represented in particular by the bacteriolysines, the hemlysines [sic], and the cytolysines.

1937 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Mar. 173/2 Prominent among the mobile agents for defence found in the blood stream are the cytolysins.

2000 W. R. Kem in P. L. Williams et al. Princ. Toxicol. (ed. 2) xvii. 414 Cytolysins are cytotoxins that create an osmotic imbalance, causing cell swelling and subsequently cell lysis.

1896 A. Stengel in T. L. Stedman 20th Cent. Pract. VII. 308 A temporary increase in the corpuscles may be produced by transfusion of blood, but this increase is soon removed by cytolysis.

1907 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 20 Apr. 923/1 There seems to be some toxic condition produced which overcomes natural resistance, resulting in cytolysis.

1992 R. C. Rees & H. Parry in C. E. Lewis & J. O'D. McGee Macrophage viii. 328 The main factor responsible for monocyte- and macrophage-mediated cytolysis of P815 cells has been shown to be reactive nitric oxide (NO).

1896 Lancet 27 June 1782/1 It would seem that it is quickly compensated, either by the absorption of fluid, as from the tissues, or perhaps by a cytolytic process.

1916 H. H. Whetzel et al. Lab. Outl. Plant Pathol. 38 The mycelium also secretes a cytolytic enzyme which dissolves the middle-lamella from between the host-cells.

2003 Science 5 Dec. 1629/1 Cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) destroy target cells by binding to them and fusing the contents of cytolytic granules—a specialized form of secretory lysosome—with the target cell membrane.

1956 F. S. Sjöstrand in Internat. Rev. Cytol. 5 496 For them [sc. cytoplasmic membranes] a shorter name has been proposed..namely cytomembranes with the differentiation of the various types of membranes through letters of the Greek alphabet.

1992 S. Spotte Captive Seawater Fishes 65 (caption) Typical rod-shaped marine bacterium with peripheral cytomembranes characteristic of Nitrosomonas.

2005 C. de Duve Singularities x. 124 It is by such mechanisms..that eukaryotic cells steer protein synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes to the cellular sites, such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, or elements of the cytomembrane system.

1930 Bot. Gaz. 90 89 The cytomorphological literature on Epilobium crosses is too extensive to be cited here.

1989 Lancet 13 May 1033/2 The..biopsy..technique is used to obtain material for cytomorphological evaluation.

2000 New Scientist 4 Mar. 84 (advt.) Analysis and interpretation of anatomical and cytomorphological abnormalities in disease and toxicity.

1901 C. S. Minot in Science 29 Mar. 494/1 Accordingly, I wish to propose the new term cytomorphosis to designate comprehensively all the structural alterations which cells, or successive generations of cells, may undergo from the earliest undifferentiated stage to their final destruction.

1968 W. Bloom & D. W. Fawcett Textbk. Histol. (ed. 9) ix. 219/1 The cartilage cells in a center of ossification undergo a regular sequence of changes referred to as the cytomorphosis of the cartilage cells.

1988 Biol. Bull. 175 65/1 The cytomorphosis of sensory cells is characterized by the appearance of a single apical cilium, microtubules, mitochondria.., and neurites.

1915 Pacific Med. Jrnl. 58 396 (heading) Cytogenetic (cytopathic) or intrinsic theory [of cancer].

1952 Science 13 June 3/1 Growth of virus is accompanied by cytopathic changes readily observed in test tube cultures of cells.

1994 Dairy Guide Sept. 17 (advt.) Bovilan killed-virus vaccines contain two strains of BVD; the Singer strain which is cytopathic, and the noncytopathic New York strain.

1950 Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. 75 370 (title) Cytopathogenic effect of poliomyelitis viruses in vitro on, human embryonic tissues.

1962 Lancet 26 May 1109/1 Cytopathogenic effects in tissue-cultures of sarcoid skin which are reminiscent of changes that might be associated with a virus.

1996 P. H. Duesberg Inventing AIDS Virus i. 14 The virus was classified as an echovirus—an acronym for enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus.

1952 Jrnl. Exper. Med. 96 380 In evaluation of the cytopathogenicity of the virus during its first cycle of reproduction, microscopic observations were supplemented by experiments to determine the ability of cells to proliferate upon transfer from infected explants.

1989 Lancet 11 Nov. 1156/1 Several workers have postulated that strains with very good growth on lymphocytes and high cytopathogenicity correlate with disease progression.

2008 Internat. Jrnl. Parasitol. 38 755/1 Surface glycoconjugates..have been shown to play a role in cytoadhesion and cytopathogenicity.

1920 Amer. Jrnl. Roentgenol. Dec. 593/1 Every patient harboring a chronic gastric ulcer has the possibility of also harboring a carcinomatous gastric ulcer and the differentiation must of necessity be made by the surgical cyto-pathologist.

1966 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 112 545/2 The experienced cytopathologist can identify the presence of cancer, and often predict with reasonable accuracy the histologic type.

1997 Independent on Sunday 30 Nov. (Real Life section) 4/5 One consultant cytopathologist says ‘Everyone makes mistakes. You come in with a headache, you are screening smear after smear and you may miss a few.’

1898 State Comm. Lunacy 9th Ann. Rep. (State of N.Y.) xi. 162 A most unfortunate gap, for instance, lies between cellular biology and the pathological anatomy of the human body—cytopathology—a term but newly coined.

1931 Science 12 June 630/1 Such observations, when critically studied in collaboration with esophagoscopy and cytopathology of the tissue changes presenting, offer a definite advance in the earlier diagnosis.

1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 681/1 A chapter on experimental islet cytopathology is of great interest.

2001 Hosp. Doctor 15 Mar. 45/4 The Department of Histopathology..provides a histopathology and cytopathology service to the two sites.

1905 C. A. Kofoid in Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 46 164 From its deeper end a tapering cytopharynx..sinks into the plasma and disappears near the apex of the bell.

1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) ii. 17/2 In species which feed through a gullet or cytopharynx food vacuoles are formed at its base.

2006 Protist 157 206/1 Several morphological traits linked to parasitism are of particular interest.., for example the presence or absence of a cytostome or cytopharynx associated with the recurrent flagella.

1902 V. C. Vaughan & F. G. Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) 182 Both the toxophil groups of the cell, and the cytophil groups of the toxin may be designated as haptophorous bodies.

1906 C. Bolduan tr. P. Ehrlich Coll. Stud. Immunity 581 The amboceptor has the affinity of its cytophile group increased.

1982 Cellular Immunol. 67 402 Ehrlich postulated the existence of third-order receptors, which possess a site for the binding with antigen (the cytophile group).

1902 Lancet 11 Oct. 982/1 (note) Each of the various bacteriogenic toxins probably contains a multitude of partial amboceptors with varying cytophilic and complementophilic affinities.

1933 W. W. C. Topley Outl. Immunity v. 81 The haptophore that attaches itself to the antigen-containing cell is the cytophilic group.

1960 S. V. Boyden & E. Sorkin in Immunology 3 281 It is reasonable to conclude that this effect is due to the presence in these sera of an antibody which has a strong affinity not only for the antigen, but also for certain cells which occur in the normal spleen. The term ‘cytophilic’ antibody is suggested for this substance.

2008 Allergy 63 1255 Eosinophils, mast cells and macrophages can be armed with the cytophilic IgE and become potent anti-tumor effectors, able to trace viable tumor cells in the tissues.

1970 J. E. Harris & J. G. Sinkovics Immunol. Malignant Dis. i. 6 Antibody may have opsonized the antigen before it reaches the lymph node or may be cytophilically attached to the phagocytic cell of the lymph node.

1978 Clin. & Exper. Immunol. 31 226 The IgG is intrinsic to the cell and not cytophilically bound.

1998 Immunol. Lett. 64 162/1 Isolated mononuclear cells were incubated for 1 h at 37°C to remove cytophilically bound Ig and washed again.

1952 M. J. Moses in Exper. Cell Res. Suppl. 75 Design and use of the cytophotometer.

1964 Sci. News Lett. 31 Oct. 275/3 (caption) This new system for cellular studies, the CYDAC cytophotometer, speeds up cell analysis and records resulting data for later computer processing.

2004 Plant Sci. 166 1315/1 Nuclear DNA content was estimated by a Barr and Stroud, GN5-type, integrating cytophotometer at the wavelength of 550 nm.

1952 M. J. Moses in Exper. Cell Res. Suppl. 82 Statistical variations within populations of typical cytophotometric samples.

1973 Nature 12 Jan. 126/1 Cytophotometric measurements of Feulgen-stained erythrocyte nuclei show that the DNA content of Latimeria erythrocyte nuclei is 13.2 pg.

2008 Jrnl. Morphol. 269 387/1 By using cytophotometric analysis..we demonstrate that germ cell nuclei accumulate high levels of DNA prior to the onset of gametogenesis.

1958 Jrnl. Biophysical & Biochem. Cytol. 4 59/1 Normal and asynaptic spermatocytes have been differentiated cytophotometrically in both a centipede and an insect.

1984 Internat. Jrnl. Insect Morphol. & Embryol. 13 21 The development of follicle cells encompassing the growing oocytes of the stick insect..has been investigated cytologically and cytophotometrically.

2005 Heredity 95 94/2 Flax represents the first, best-studied and probably most-accepted case of environmentally induced, heritable, and cytophotometrically measurable genome size variation.

1952 M. J. Moses in Exper. Cell. Res. Suppl. 75 The same analytical spectrophotometric treatment that is applied to ‘colored’ solutions in tubes and cuvettes may also be applied to ‘colored’ cell structures imaged by the microscope... In the interest of clarification and simplification, the terms cytophotometry and cytospectrophotometry are proposed for the application of these methods in cytology.

1960 E. D. P. De Robertis Gen. Cytol. (ed. 3) xi. 297 Cytophotometry has been criticized by some investigators, who have pointed out several possible sources of errors inherent in this technique.

2007 Oral Oncol. 43 367/1 It is possible to use premalignant and malignant cells for analyzing the DNA patterns and ploidy in cytophotometry.

1915 Bot. Gaz. 60 455 The writer was inclined to believe that..cytoplasmic inheritance might account for the matroclinic crosses.

1959 Nature 3 Oct. 1013/2 To some extent, recognition or denial of the existence of cytoplasmic inheritance depends upon one's definition of heredity.

2003 Cell 115 879/1 A similar mechanism [sc. conformational change in prions] might explain the unusual dominant, cytoplasmic inheritance of certain traits in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1885 Jrnl. Sci. 7 674 The equatorial parts of such threads remain as exceedingly delicate connective threads in the partition-wall, and maintain the connection between the single cytoplasts of the body of the plant.

1902 F. Chapman Foraminifera 30 The process of fission of the nucleus has been termed Karyogamy, and the process of fusion of the cytoplasts Plastogamy.

1980 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77 6639/1 In response to temperatures of 46° C, the cells segregated into nucleoplasts and cytoplasts.

2000 Daily Tel. 27 Apr. 9/1 After withdrawal of needle, the chromosomes from the karyoplast enter the cytoplast through the puncture, creating a fertilised egg with the chromosomes of both ‘father’ and ‘mother’.

1885 F. J. Bell Compar. Anat. & Physiol. iii. 25 In addition to it there is sometimes a second orifice developed, which has the function of an anus (cytoproct).

1952 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 71 173 Posteriorly, the cytoproct always lies in it [sc. the stomatogenous meridian].

2001 F. M. Harold Way of Cell vii. 143 At the cell's front is the mouth, equipped with specialized arrays of cilia..; at the rear is the cytoproct, or anus.

1875 Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. Oct. 185 Since, therefore, they do not admit of being homologically identified with the orifices of the same name in the higher animals, Haeckel has proposed for them the terms ‘Cytostoma’ and ‘Cytopyge’.

1922 A. C. Chandler Animal Parasites & Human Dis. (ed. 2) 32 The waste material is either voided through a cytopyge or is left behind by a simple flowing away of the protoplasm.

2007 European Jrnl. Protistol. 43 265 The contractile vacuole and the cytopyge are on the dorsal wall of the vestibulum.

1970 European Jrnl. Cancer 6 557 (title) An experimental model of active immunotherapy preceded by cytoreductive chemotherapy.

1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. lix. 222 Cytoreductive surgery is of benefit only when other effective treatment modalities are available to control unresectable residual disease.

2007 Ann. Surg. Oncol. 14 1807 Cytoreductive surgery combined with perioperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy has been suggested as a treatment option for patients with colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis.

1894 S. Watasé in Biol. Lect. Marine Biol. Lab. Wood's Holl 84 An animal cell may be described as composed of two sharply distinct organs: the cell body (cytosome), and the nucleus (caryosome).

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) x. 142 The central cytoplasmic mass containing the nucleus of the cell and subtending the processes (if any are present) is the cell body or cyton (cytosome).

1992 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 12020/1 The reaction product by electron microscopy appeared as distinct square or rectangular crystals of moderate electron density in the cytosome and around the nuclear envelope.

1921 Jrnl. Parasitol. 8 49 Among these common structural characteristics are the pear-shaped bodies of many of the trophozoites, the presence of a lipped cytostome with the cytostomal flagellum, the three anterior flagella, and the pyriform cyst.

1943 E. R. Becker in H. E. Biester Dis. Poultry xxxv. 806 It extends along the base of the embankment of the right side of the groove of the cytostome and ends at the point where the cytostomal flagellum becomes free.

2004 Jrnl. Eukaryotic Microbiol. 51 253 A centrin antibody localizes to the fine filamentous reticulum which, along with microtubules of the oral ribs, circumscribes the cytostomal opening.

1875 Monthly Microsc. Jrnl. Oct. 185 Since, therefore, they do not admit of being homologically identified with the orifices of the same name in the higher animals, Haeckel has proposed for them the terms ‘Cytostoma’ and ‘Cytopyge’.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) iv. 46 The external opening of this passageway, into which the oral groove leads, is called the mouth or cytostome.

1998 L. Margulis & K. V. Schwartz Five Kingdoms (ed. 3) ii. 119/2 This small mastigote has a trailing undulipodium that propels food into its mouth (cytostome).

1889 Cent. Dict. Cytostomous, pertaining to a cytostome.

1958 Science 30 May 1300/2 (advt.) Experienced Cytotechnologist. Papanicolau Research Laboratory.

1991 Ladies' Home Jrnl. Oct. 108/2 Make sure the cytotechnologist stated that the cell sample was adequate for testing.

2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 June vi. 15/1 (advt.) Cytotechnologist: Receive, prepare and analyze body specimens through microscopic examination while screening for atypical cell structures.

1958 Science 14 Nov. 1228/3 (advt.) Cytotechnologist to head section of cytotechnology in university hospital laboratory.

1981 Acta Cytologica 25 691 The majority of cytotechnologists who volunteered for these tests were trained in schools of cytotechnology approved by the Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation.

2005 B. M. Swanson Careers in Health Care (ed. 5) x. 52 Among new advances being applied to cytotechnology is cytometry, which is the use of computers to measure cells.

1893 G. M. Gould Meaning & Method Life xv. 285 Our present inability to direct cytogenesis and cytotrophy—i.e., cell-production and cell-nutrition.

1901 G. N. Calkins Protozoa 217 The phenomena of cytotrophy, or the mutual attraction of two or more cells.

1967 W. J. H. Butterfield & W. van Westering Tolbutamide Internat. Congr. Ser. No. 149 Index 337/2 B cell cytotrophy.

1981 M. Rechcigl CRC Handbk. Nutritional Requirements in Functional Context I. 10 (table) Cell proliferation (cytoplasia) depressed less than cell growth (cytotrophy).

1895 Amer. Naturalist 29 385 Cytotropism.—Professor Wilhelm Roux..has published in his new periodical some very interesting results obtained on his often used object, the frog's egg.

1933 Science 27 Jan. 120/2 The fact of filterability, the concept of cytotropism and a better understanding of viral lesions are nevertheless helping to resolve some of the confusion.

1970 Amer. Zoologist 10 82/2 Holtfreter..attributed his success to the fact that while others had tried to isolate single cells to demonstrate cytotropism, he had used cells in groups.

2007 T. S. Stantchev & C. C. Broder in J. K. Harrison & N. W. Lukacs Chemokine Receptors xiii. 261 The ability of the virus [sc. HIV] to infect different cell types varies from one isolate to the next and is referred to as cellular tropism, or cytotropism.

1882 E. R. Lankester in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 22 54 The word Cytozoa may therefore be better used as a designation descriptive of cell-parasites generally.

1886 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 6 ii. 945 The typical cytozoa have a somewhat complicated structure. They contain an unmistakable nucleus, and their protoplasm consists of two portions, on the one hand of a substance occupying the two points of the cytozoon.

1905 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 2 302 First, it may be held that the flagellates observed by Schaudinn in the mosquito are the real stages of the cytozoön.

1914 Arch. Internal Med. 13 399 According to the theory of Bordet and Delange thrombin is formed by the reaction of cytozyme and serozyme in the presence of a soluble calcium salt.

1921 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 46 168 Fuld and Spiro termed the substance cytozyme while Morawitz called it thrombokinase.

1927 J. B. S. Haldane & J. S. Huxley Animal Biol. viii. 166 A waxy substance called cytozyme produced by the breaking-up of cells.