cyaniden.
/ˈsʌɪənʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd/ Chemistry.
A simple compound of cyanogen with a metal or an organic radical, as potassium cyanide (KCy), an extremely poisonous crystalline solid.
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the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals
mercury sublimy?1540
sublimate1543
sublimatum1558
sublimy1558
mercury sublimate1562
corrosive sublimate1664
sweet sublimate1664
supplement1769
Prussian acid1783
oxalic acid1788
prussic acid1788
cyanide1815
cyanuret1827
nitrobenzide1835
nitrobenzol1848
pyridine1851
nitrobenzene1852
isonitrile1871
iso-cyanide1877
1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) I. i. xi. 328 I shall, from analogy, give to the compounds of cyanogen the name of cyanides.
c1865 G. Gore in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 226/1 The cyanide produced by the fusion of the ferro-cyanide of potassium alone..is termed ‘black cyanide’.
Compounds
General attributive.
cyanide gauze n. a gauze rendered antiseptic by impregnation with a cyanide, used in dressing wounds.
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the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > equipment for treating wound or ulcer > [noun] > gauze or oiled silk, etc.
cering-cloth1480
cered cloth1541
cerecloth1547
protective1827
oxycellulose1882
cyanide gauze1895
tulle gras1933
fibrin film1944
1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 726 Double Zinc-Cyanide Gauze.
1913 A. Bennett Regent ii. §4 He did nothing but cover up the place with a bit of cyanide gauze.
1925 R. W. G. Hingston in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 iii. vi. 350 The following equipment is required:..Cyanide gauze, 2 lb.
cyanide hardening n. case-hardening of iron or steel by the cyanide process.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process
cyanide process1890
cyaniding1894
cyanide hardening1921
1921 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 103 435 Cyanide Hardening Due to Nitrogen... Steel case-hardened in cyanide contains much nitrogenised material, and nitrogen is believed to exert an appreciable influence on the properties of steel so treated.
1928 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 118 365 General practice in cyanide hardening is discussed, and reference is made to the Shimer process for case hardening and the cyanogen gas process.
cyanide process n. (a) a method of extracting gold and silver from ores by treatment with a dilute solution of sodium or calcium cyanide (or, formerly, potassium cyanide); (b) the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by chemical reaction at high temperatures so as to form alkali cyanides or other cyanogen derivatives; (c) a process for case-hardening iron or steel by immersing it in molten cyanide and then quenching it in water or oil.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > industrial processes > cyanide process
cyanide process1890
cyanization1926
cyanizing1926
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > extraction of silver or gold
cyanide process1890
cyaniding1894
cyanidation1896
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process
cyanide process1890
cyaniding1894
cyanide hardening1921
1890 J. S. MacArthur in Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 Mar. 270/1 By the cyanide process, ores containing lead, zinc, or earthy carbonates which cannot be worked to profit by chlorination, may be as..profitably treated as any other.
1895 M. Eissler (title) The Cyanide Process for the Extraction of Gold.
1926 E. Fyleman tr. B. Waeser Atmospheric Nitrogen Industry 486 (heading) The cyanide processes.
1940 R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 341 The speed, low cost,..and cleanliness of the hardened surface make the cyanide process readily adaptable to production heat treatment.
1945 D. M. Liddell Handbk. Non-ferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Outside of smelting and refining, the present-day metallurgy of gold and silver may be summarized under three heads: mechanical methods.., amalgamation, and the cyanide process.
1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 413/2 The cyanide process was developed by J. S. Macarthur and R. W. and W. Forrest of Glasgow and used at Johannesburg in 1890.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
cyanidev.
Metallurgy.
transitive. To treat with a cyanide.
a. To treat (ores of gold or silver) with a dilute cyanide solution as part of the cyanide process for extracting the metal.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > extract from ore > extract or turn into silver or gold
aurify1652
cyanide1896
1896 Daily News 10 Dec. 2/7 2,666 tons cyanided, producing 352 ozs.
1959 J. Newton Extractive Metall. vii. 431 Flotation may be used to produce concentrates that can be cyanided or amalgamated.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. viii. 109/2 In the late 1890's interest revived in the hope that the ore could be cyanided.
b. To immerse (iron or steel) in molten cyanide in order to case-harden it.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > harden, temper, or anneal > in specific way
case-harden1665
chill1831
box-annealc1887
pot anneal1928
work-harden1928
quench-harden1934
solution-treat1940
shot-peen1944
marquench1947
martemper1947
marage1962
cyanide1966
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIII. 313/2 Both carburizing steels and medium carbon steels..are often cyanided.
Derivatives
ˈcyanided adj.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [adjective] > hardened
case-hardened1683
cyanided1921
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [adjective] > hardened
oil-tempered?1440
well-tempered1566
tempered1663
Harveyized1892
Harveyed1894
cyanided1921
martempered1953
1921 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 103 435 After annealing the cyanided bar is still hard to file.
ˈcyanider n.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > refiner or smelter > using specific process
roaster1440
cyanider1900
1900 J. Park Cyanide Process 124 The many worries which the use of cyanide entails on even the successful cyanider.
ˈcyaniding n.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > extraction of silver or gold
cyanide process1890
cyaniding1894
cyanidation1896
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process
cyanide process1890
cyaniding1894
cyanide hardening1921
1894 N. Brit. Daily Mail 30 July 5 Cyaniding syndicates.
1895 M. Eissler Cyanide Process 39 The cost of cyaniding was as follows.
1900 J. Park Cyanide Process vi. 75 Roasting previous to Cyaniding.
1940 R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 348 In certain carburizing and cyaniding processes nitrogen is introduced into the steel in addition to the carbon.
1945 D. M. Liddell Handbk. Non-ferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Chlorination of gold and hyposulphite leaching of silver ores were practically superseded by cyaniding by the year 1900.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021).
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