Aleppon.

Brit.

/əˈlɛpəʊ/, U.S.

/əˈlɛpoʊ/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Aleppo.

Etymology: < Aleppo (Arabic Ḥalab, French Alep), the name of a city in northern Syria.The English form of the name of the city (recorded from the mid 16th cent. or earlier in English contexts) probably reflects transmission via the Italian form Aleppo.

1. Aleppo gall n. [compare French galle d'Alep (1690 or earlier), noix de galles d'Alep (1675 or earlier; also noix de galle d'Alep (1723 or earlier))] (in full Aleppo oak gall) a hard nut-like gall that forms on any of several oaks (esp. the gall or dyer's oak, Q. lusitanica), in response to the developing larva of a gall wasp (spec. Andricus infectorius), and is used as a source of gallic acid and tannin for dyeing and making inks; cf. nutgall n.The identity of the wasp which causes Aleppo galls has been resolved only recently. Earlier records are much confused and probably included other species such as the marble gall wasp, A. kollari.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > gall or abnormal growth > on particular plants

oak-apple1440

bedeguar1578

sponge1608

oak-berry1626

oak nut1626

Aleppo gall1698

grape-gall1753

rose gall1753

oak galla1774

ear cockle1777

honeysuckle apple1818

sage-apple1832

robin's pincushion1835

oak spangle1836

robin's cushion1837

oak-wart1840

spangle1842

shick-shack1847

spangle-gall1864

tomato gall1869

Robin redbreast's cushion1878

knopper1879

trumpet-gall1879

spongiole1884

knot-gall1894

1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 375 In those Galls which came to me by the Name of Aleppo-Galls, which the Insects had not eat their Way out of, I found one sort of Bee.

1750 H. Bracken Traveller's Pocket-farrier (ed. 5) 105 Powder against scouring or over Purging... Take of the Powder of the prickly Aleppo-Gall..two Ounces, of the powders of Japan-Earth..an Ounce [etc.].

1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. xx. 332 The Aleppo oak-gall, to which learning, commerce, the arts, and every individual who has a distant friend, are so deeply indebted.

1881 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. (rev. ed.) II. 1201/1 For superior black ink, take 12 pounds Aleppo galls.

1918 Amer. Naturalist 52 1918 Aleppo gall was long considered as a necessary ingredient, especially where a durable ink was required, as in court records.

1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xx. 514 The Aleppo gall (Cynips gallae-tinctoriae), found on various species of oaks in eastern Europe, has long been used in medicine as well as in the making of ink.

1980 B. Gordon Shaker Textile Arts iii. 76 Other dyestuffs—aleppo galls, camwood, brazilwood, fustic..and woad—are also mentioned.

2009 T. D. Schowalter Insect Ecol. (ed. 2) 225/1 Iron gall ink..is made of vitriol, gum, water, and, most notably, tannin extracted from Aleppo galls.

2. Aleppo rue n. [ < the name of Aleppo + rue n.²] rare. A Mediterranean rue, Ruta chalepensis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant > rue

rue?a1200

Aleppo rue1731

countryman's treacle1745–7

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Ruta The two Aleppo Rues, and the Wild Rue are somewhat tenderer than the common Sort.

1990 W. Paterson Fountain of Gardens 126 Ruta chalepensis, or Aleppo rue, was probably the rue of the Bible.

2004 B. E. van Wyk & M. Wink Medicinal Plants of World 280/1 The Mediterranean Aleppo rue (R. chalepensis) is traditionally used in a similar way [to common rue].

3. Aleppo oak n. [compare French chêne d'Alep (1824 or earlier)] the Eurasian gall or dyer's oak, Quercus lusitanica (formerly Q. infectoria), on which Aleppo galls are formed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > other oaks

red oakOE

cerre-tree1577

gall-tree1597

robur1601

kermes1605

live oak1610

white oak1610

royal oak1616

swamp-oak1683

grey oak1697

rock oak1699

chestnut oak1703

water oak1709

Spanish oak1716

turkey-oak1717

willow oak1717

iron oak1724

maiden oak1725

scarlet oak1738

black jack1765

post oak1775

durmast1791

mountain chestnut oak1801

quercitron oak1803

laurel oak1810

mossy-cup oak1810

rock chestnut oak1810

pin oak1812

overcup oak1814

overcup white oak1814

bur oak1815

jack oak1816

mountain oak1818

shingle-oak1818

gall-oak1835

peach oak1835

golden oak1838

weeping oak1838

Aleppo oak1845

Italian oak1858

dyer's oak1861

Gambel's Oak1878

maul oak1884

punk oak1884

sessile oak1906

Garry oak1908

roble1908

1845 T. Wilson Little Bk. Nature 66 Plate IV. Fig. 4. Gall nut, or nest of the Gall fly on the Aleppo oak.

1954 Econ. Bot. 8 151/1 Gall nuts (formed in response to the injuries caused by the egg-laying activities of an insect on the twigs of Aleppo oak (Quercus infectoria)..) constitute the only practical source of tannic acid.

2011 M. Van der Veen Consumption, Trade & Innovation iv. 172/1 Of note is the presence of one gall of Quercus infectoria Olivier, the gall or dyer's oak, also called Aleppo oak and Asian holly-oak, which was found in a Roman harbour deposit.

4. Aleppo pepper n. a moderately hot spice in ground dried form, made from a variety of capsicum pepper, Capsicum annuum (family Solanaceae), and used in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cookery; (also) the plant itself or its fruit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > pepper not from Piper nigrum > types of

long peppereOE

garden ginger1526

Guinea pepper1597

Ethiopian pepper1598

chilli1662

pimiento1671

pimento1673

piment1705

capsicum1725

cayenne1756

African pepper1788

paprika1839

Negro pepper1849

Japan pepper1866

shot-pepper1890

chilli powder1898

chile ancho1906

chile mulato1907

Aleppo pepper1920

pasilla1935

mirch1951

pepperoncino1951

shishito1975

chili pepper-

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > capsicum > capsicum plants

pepper1578

capsicum1798

cherry-pepper1832

chilli1843

spur pepper1866

pimentón1885

Scotch bonnet1919

Aleppo pepper1920

1920 Chemist & Druggist 92/1 Aleppo pepper, 4.25 lire; Java pepper, 3.40 lire.

1994 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 Mar. e13 Near East or Aleppo pepper and other Middle Eastern ingredients are available at some local markets, or can be ordered by mail.

2013 Guardian 23 Nov. (Cook Suppl.) 4/3 This recipe is traditionally made using sun-dried Aleppo peppers, finely chopped to a coarse paste.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	aleppo
释义	Aleppon. Brit. /əˈlɛpəʊ/, U.S. /əˈlɛpoʊ/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Aleppo. Etymology: < Aleppo (Arabic Ḥalab, French Alep), the name of a city in northern Syria.The English form of the name of the city (recorded from the mid 16th cent. or earlier in English contexts) probably reflects transmission via the Italian form Aleppo. 1. Aleppo gall n. [compare French galle d'Alep (1690 or earlier), noix de galles d'Alep (1675 or earlier; also noix de galle d'Alep (1723 or earlier))] (in full Aleppo oak gall) a hard nut-like gall that forms on any of several oaks (esp. the gall or dyer's oak, Q. lusitanica), in response to the developing larva of a gall wasp (spec. Andricus infectorius), and is used as a source of gallic acid and tannin for dyeing and making inks; cf. nutgall n.The identity of the wasp which causes Aleppo galls has been resolved only recently. Earlier records are much confused and probably included other species such as the marble gall wasp, A. kollari. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > gall or abnormal growth > on particular plants oak-apple1440 bedeguar1578 sponge1608 oak-berry1626 oak nut1626 Aleppo gall1698 grape-gall1753 rose gall1753 oak galla1774 ear cockle1777 honeysuckle apple1818 sage-apple1832 robin's pincushion1835 oak spangle1836 robin's cushion1837 oak-wart1840 spangle1842 shick-shack1847 spangle-gall1864 tomato gall1869 Robin redbreast's cushion1878 knopper1879 trumpet-gall1879 spongiole1884 knot-gall1894 1698 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 20 375 In those Galls which came to me by the Name of Aleppo-Galls, which the Insects had not eat their Way out of, I found one sort of Bee. 1750 H. Bracken Traveller's Pocket-farrier (ed. 5) 105 Powder against scouring or over Purging... Take of the Powder of the prickly Aleppo-Gall..two Ounces, of the powders of Japan-Earth..an Ounce [etc.]. 1835 W. Kirby On Power of God in Creation of Animals I. xx. 332 The Aleppo oak-gall, to which learning, commerce, the arts, and every individual who has a distant friend, are so deeply indebted. 1881 Johnson's New Universal Cycl. (rev. ed.) II. 1201/1 For superior black ink, take 12 pounds Aleppo galls. 1918 Amer. Naturalist 52 1918 Aleppo gall was long considered as a necessary ingredient, especially where a durable ink was required, as in court records. 1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xx. 514 The Aleppo gall (Cynips gallae-tinctoriae), found on various species of oaks in eastern Europe, has long been used in medicine as well as in the making of ink. 1980 B. Gordon Shaker Textile Arts iii. 76 Other dyestuffs—aleppo galls, camwood, brazilwood, fustic..and woad—are also mentioned. 2009 T. D. Schowalter Insect Ecol. (ed. 2) 225/1 Iron gall ink..is made of vitriol, gum, water, and, most notably, tannin extracted from Aleppo galls. 2. Aleppo rue n. [ < the name of Aleppo + rue n.²] rare. A Mediterranean rue, Ruta chalepensis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > medicine composed of a plant > [noun] > plant used in medicine > specific plant > rue rue?a1200 Aleppo rue1731 countryman's treacle1745–7 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Ruta The two Aleppo Rues, and the Wild Rue are somewhat tenderer than the common Sort. 1990 W. Paterson Fountain of Gardens 126 Ruta chalepensis, or Aleppo rue, was probably the rue of the Bible. 2004 B. E. van Wyk & M. Wink Medicinal Plants of World 280/1 The Mediterranean Aleppo rue (R. chalepensis) is traditionally used in a similar way [to common rue]. 3. Aleppo oak n. [compare French chêne d'Alep (1824 or earlier)] the Eurasian gall or dyer's oak, Quercus lusitanica (formerly Q. infectoria), on which Aleppo galls are formed. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > other oaks red oakOE cerre-tree1577 gall-tree1597 robur1601 kermes1605 live oak1610 white oak1610 royal oak1616 swamp-oak1683 grey oak1697 rock oak1699 chestnut oak1703 water oak1709 Spanish oak1716 turkey-oak1717 willow oak1717 iron oak1724 maiden oak1725 scarlet oak1738 black jack1765 post oak1775 durmast1791 mountain chestnut oak1801 quercitron oak1803 laurel oak1810 mossy-cup oak1810 rock chestnut oak1810 pin oak1812 overcup oak1814 overcup white oak1814 bur oak1815 jack oak1816 mountain oak1818 shingle-oak1818 gall-oak1835 peach oak1835 golden oak1838 weeping oak1838 Aleppo oak1845 Italian oak1858 dyer's oak1861 Gambel's Oak1878 maul oak1884 punk oak1884 sessile oak1906 Garry oak1908 roble1908 1845 T. Wilson Little Bk. Nature 66 Plate IV. Fig. 4. Gall nut, or nest of the Gall fly on the Aleppo oak. 1954 Econ. Bot. 8 151/1 Gall nuts (formed in response to the injuries caused by the egg-laying activities of an insect on the twigs of Aleppo oak (Quercus infectoria)..) constitute the only practical source of tannic acid. 2011 M. Van der Veen Consumption, Trade & Innovation iv. 172/1 Of note is the presence of one gall of Quercus infectoria Olivier, the gall or dyer's oak, also called Aleppo oak and Asian holly-oak, which was found in a Roman harbour deposit. 4. Aleppo pepper n. a moderately hot spice in ground dried form, made from a variety of capsicum pepper, Capsicum annuum (family Solanaceae), and used in Mediterranean and Middle Eastern cookery; (also) the plant itself or its fruit. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > pepper not from Piper nigrum > types of long peppereOE garden ginger1526 Guinea pepper1597 Ethiopian pepper1598 chilli1662 pimiento1671 pimento1673 piment1705 capsicum1725 cayenne1756 African pepper1788 paprika1839 Negro pepper1849 Japan pepper1866 shot-pepper1890 chilli powder1898 chile ancho1906 chile mulato1907 Aleppo pepper1920 pasilla1935 mirch1951 pepperoncino1951 shishito1975 chili pepper- the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > fruits as vegetables > capsicum > capsicum plants pepper1578 capsicum1798 cherry-pepper1832 chilli1843 spur pepper1866 pimentón1885 Scotch bonnet1919 Aleppo pepper1920 1920 Chemist & Druggist 92/1 Aleppo pepper, 4.25 lire; Java pepper, 3.40 lire. 1994 Washington Post (Nexis) 9 Mar. e13 Near East or Aleppo pepper and other Middle Eastern ingredients are available at some local markets, or can be ordered by mail. 2013 Guardian 23 Nov. (Cook Suppl.) 4/3 This recipe is traditionally made using sun-dried Aleppo peppers, finely chopped to a coarse paste. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1698
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