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单词 culvert
释义

culvertn.

Brit. /ˈkʌlvət/, U.S. /ˈkəlvərt/
Etymology: A recent word of obscure origin. It has been conjectured to be a corruption of French couloir, in Cotgrave also coulouëre, ‘a channel, gutter, or any such hollow, along which melted things are to run’, < couler to flow. But points of connection between the French and English words, in form and sense, are wanting. On the other hand some think ‘culvert’ an English dialect word, taken into technical use at the epoch of canal-making. No connection with covert has been traced.
a. A channel, conduit, or tunneled drain of masonry or brick-work conveying a stream of water across beneath a canal, railway embankment, or road; also applied to an arched or barrel-shaped drain or sewer.Used from c1770 in connection with canal construction; thence extended to railways, highways, town-drainage, etc. In connection with railways and highways, it is sometimes disputed whether a particular structure is a ‘culvert’ or a ‘bridge’. The essential purpose of a bridge, however, is to carry a road at a desired height over a river and its channel, a chasm, or the like; that of a culvert to afford a passage for a small crossing stream under the embankment of a railway or highway, or beneath a road where the configuration of the surface does not require a bridge. Locally, the term ‘culvert’ is often limited to a barrel drain, bricks shaped for which are known as culvert-bricks. See Notes & Queries, 8th Ser. III. 248, 377.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water
water leatOE
water lade1224
leat1279
watergang1293
sow1316
trough1398
wissinga1400
lanec1420
waterway1431
water leasow1440
watercoursea1450
fleam1523
lead1541
cut1548
aqueducta1552
lake1559
strand1565
race1570
channel1581
watergauge1597
gout1598
server1610
carriage1669
runnel1669
aquage1706
shoot1707
tewel1725
run1761
penstock1763
hulve1764
way-gang1766
culvert1774
flume1784
shute1790
pentrough1793
raceway1793
water carriage1793
carrier1794
conductor1796
water carrier1827
penchute1875
chute1878
by-cut1883
1774 Ann. Reg. 1773 97 40 locks, 114 cart-bridges, 9 foot-bridges, and 120 culverts or aqueducts, including those magnificent ones over the rivers Dove and Trent.
1785 Dudley & Birmingham Canal Act (25 Geo. III, c. 87) §6 The said Company..shall..make and support good and sufficient Culverts and Aqueducts to convey the same [streams]..in the several and respective courses in which they have hitherto run.
1788 Deritend Bridge Act (28 Geo. III, c. 70 §7) To cause a Culvert to be made of the diameter of six feet at the least.
1801 Croydon Canal Act (41 Geo. III, c. 127 §95).
1804 A. Rees Cycl. at Canal The construction of culverts or drains under a canal, for conveying away water from the upper to the lower side of a canal.
1837 F. Whishaw Anal. Railways 271 Culvert, a large drain either of brick or stone used in railways for passing brooks and streams under the embankments.
1840 F. Whishaw Railways Great Brit. & Ireland 426 The largest culvert carries the Claxton brook under the embankment.
b. Applied to an underground channel in which electric cables or mains are laid; also called a conduit.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > for electrical wires > underground
culvert1889
1889 Daily News 12 Oct. 6/1 Mr. Crompton's culverts are..narrow and shallow tunnels lined with brick work. The St. James's Company's cast-iron troughs may be fairly described as portable culverts. They..are an impregnable protection for the copper cables inside them.
1893 Electr. Engineer 12 May vii Systems of copper strip laid in culverts.

Derivatives

ˈculvert v. to provide or lay with culverts.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [verb (transitive)] > lead or extend a watercourse or channel > provide with culverts
culvert1889
1889 Daily News 12 Oct. 6/1 The culverting of Clubland [for electric lighting] has been an exceptionally difficult operation.
1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. 121 The streets were aligned, metalled, and culverted.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

culvertadj.

Forms: Also Middle English culvart, culvard; and see colward adj.
Etymology: < Old French culvert, colvert, late Latin collībertus fellow-freedman, in Middle Ages a serf, villain, one whose condition was intermediate between slavery and freedom, but nearer the former; hence, adj. abject, wretched, villainous, vile, infamous, etc.
Obsolete.
Infamous, villainous, treacherous.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > [adjective]
lewec1000
culvert?c1225
false?c1225
fokela1275
colwardc1330
treacherousc1330
traitorousc1380
traitora1400
treasonfula1400
traitorfulc1440
treasonousc1450
treasonable1487
proditiousa1500
proditorya1500
unfaithful1530
trustless1554
traitorlya1586
Punic1590
truce-breaking1592
faiterous1600
Iscarioticala1625
betraying1629
infide1663
traditoriana1734
Iscariotic1879
society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > treachery > [adjective]
swikec893
lewec1000
swikelc1000
swikefulc1100
culvert?c1225
fokela1275
colwardc1330
treacherousc1330
traitorousc1380
traitora1400
treacherc1400
traitorfulc1440
proditorious?a1475
fraudfulc1475
proditiousa1500
proditorya1500
perfidiousa1538
snakya1586
traitorlya1586
Punic1590
traitor-wise1598
faiterous1600
Iscarioticala1625
Judaslya1626
fidious1640
traditoriana1734
double-crossing1838
Judasian1855
Iscariotic1879
two-timing1927
two-time1937
quisling1941
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Noðelas nis se culuerd as is on pleinte wise.
a1300 Floriz & Bl. 329 Þe porter is culuert and felun.
c1325 Chron. Eng. 788 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 303 The King hede a stiward, That was fel ant culvard.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.1774adj.?c1225
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