culvertn.

Brit.

/ˈkʌlvət/, U.S.

/ˈkəlvərt/

Etymology: A recent word of obscure origin. It has been conjectured to be a corruption of French couloir, in Cotgrave also coulouëre, ‘a channel, gutter, or any such hollow, along which melted things are to run’, < couler to flow. But points of connection between the French and English words, in form and sense, are wanting. On the other hand some think ‘culvert’ an English dialect word, taken into technical use at the epoch of canal-making. No connection with covert has been traced.

a. A channel, conduit, or tunneled drain of masonry or brick-work conveying a stream of water across beneath a canal, railway embankment, or road; also applied to an arched or barrel-shaped drain or sewer.Used from c1770 in connection with canal construction; thence extended to railways, highways, town-drainage, etc. In connection with railways and highways, it is sometimes disputed whether a particular structure is a ‘culvert’ or a ‘bridge’. The essential purpose of a bridge, however, is to carry a road at a desired height over a river and its channel, a chasm, or the like; that of a culvert to afford a passage for a small crossing stream under the embankment of a railway or highway, or beneath a road where the configuration of the surface does not require a bridge. Locally, the term ‘culvert’ is often limited to a barrel drain, bricks shaped for which are known as culvert-bricks. See Notes & Queries, 8th Ser. III. 248, 377.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water

water leatOE

water lade1224

leat1279

watergang1293

sow1316

trough1398

wissinga1400

lanec1420

waterway1431

water leasow1440

watercoursea1450

fleam1523

lead1541

cut1548

aqueducta1552

lake1559

strand1565

race1570

channel1581

watergauge1597

gout1598

server1610

carriage1669

runnel1669

aquage1706

shoot1707

tewel1725

run1761

penstock1763

hulve1764

way-gang1766

culvert1774

flume1784

shute1790

pentrough1793

raceway1793

water carriage1793

carrier1794

conductor1796

water carrier1827

penchute1875

chute1878

by-cut1883

1774 Ann. Reg. 1773 97 40 locks, 114 cart-bridges, 9 foot-bridges, and 120 culverts or aqueducts, including those magnificent ones over the rivers Dove and Trent.

1785 Dudley & Birmingham Canal Act (25 Geo. III, c. 87) §6 The said Company..shall..make and support good and sufficient Culverts and Aqueducts to convey the same [streams]..in the several and respective courses in which they have hitherto run.

1788 Deritend Bridge Act (28 Geo. III, c. 70 §7) To cause a Culvert to be made of the diameter of six feet at the least.

1801 Croydon Canal Act (41 Geo. III, c. 127 §95).

1804 A. Rees Cycl. at Canal The construction of culverts or drains under a canal, for conveying away water from the upper to the lower side of a canal.

1837 F. Whishaw Anal. Railways 271 Culvert, a large drain either of brick or stone used in railways for passing brooks and streams under the embankments.

1840 F. Whishaw Railways Great Brit. & Ireland 426 The largest culvert carries the Claxton brook under the embankment.

b. Applied to an underground channel in which electric cables or mains are laid; also called a conduit.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > for electrical wires > underground

culvert1889

1889 Daily News 12 Oct. 6/1 Mr. Crompton's culverts are..narrow and shallow tunnels lined with brick work. The St. James's Company's cast-iron troughs may be fairly described as portable culverts. They..are an impregnable protection for the copper cables inside them.

1893 Electr. Engineer 12 May vii Systems of copper strip laid in culverts.

Derivatives

ˈculvert v. to provide or lay with culverts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [verb (transitive)] > lead or extend a watercourse or channel > provide with culverts

culvert1889

1889 Daily News 12 Oct. 6/1 The culverting of Clubland [for electric lighting] has been an exceptionally difficult operation.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. 121 The streets were aligned, metalled, and culverted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† culvertadj.

Forms: Also Middle English culvart, culvard; and see colward adj.

Etymology: < Old French culvert, colvert, late Latin collībertus fellow-freedman, in Middle Ages a serf, villain, one whose condition was intermediate between slavery and freedom, but nearer the former; hence, adj. abject, wretched, villainous, vile, infamous, etc.

Obsolete.

Infamous, villainous, treacherous.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > [adjective]

lewec1000

culvert?c1225

false?c1225

fokela1275

colwardc1330

treacherousc1330

traitorousc1380

traitora1400

treasonfula1400

traitorfulc1440

treasonousc1450

treasonable1487

proditiousa1500

proditorya1500

unfaithful1530

trustless1554

traitorlya1586

Punic1590

truce-breaking1592

faiterous1600

Iscarioticala1625

betraying1629

infide1663

traditoriana1734

Iscariotic1879

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > treachery > [adjective]

swikec893

lewec1000

swikelc1000

swikefulc1100

culvert?c1225

fokela1275

colwardc1330

treacherousc1330

traitorousc1380

traitora1400

treacherc1400

traitorfulc1440

proditorious?a1475

fraudfulc1475

proditiousa1500

proditorya1500

perfidiousa1538

snakya1586

traitorlya1586

Punic1590

traitor-wise1598

faiterous1600

Iscarioticala1625

Judaslya1626

fidious1640

traditoriana1734

double-crossing1838

Judasian1855

Iscariotic1879

two-timing1927

two-time1937

quisling1941

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Noðelas nis se culuerd as is on pleinte wise.

a1300 Floriz & Bl. 329 Þe porter is culuert and felun.

c1325 Chron. Eng. 788 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 303 The King hede a stiward, That was fel ant culvard.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	culvert
释义	culvertn. Brit. /ˈkʌlvət/, U.S. /ˈkəlvərt/ Etymology: A recent word of obscure origin. It has been conjectured to be a corruption of French couloir, in Cotgrave also coulouëre, ‘a channel, gutter, or any such hollow, along which melted things are to run’, < couler to flow. But points of connection between the French and English words, in form and sense, are wanting. On the other hand some think ‘culvert’ an English dialect word, taken into technical use at the epoch of canal-making. No connection with covert has been traced. a. A channel, conduit, or tunneled drain of masonry or brick-work conveying a stream of water across beneath a canal, railway embankment, or road; also applied to an arched or barrel-shaped drain or sewer.Used from c1770 in connection with canal construction; thence extended to railways, highways, town-drainage, etc. In connection with railways and highways, it is sometimes disputed whether a particular structure is a ‘culvert’ or a ‘bridge’. The essential purpose of a bridge, however, is to carry a road at a desired height over a river and its channel, a chasm, or the like; that of a culvert to afford a passage for a small crossing stream under the embankment of a railway or highway, or beneath a road where the configuration of the surface does not require a bridge. Locally, the term ‘culvert’ is often limited to a barrel drain, bricks shaped for which are known as culvert-bricks. See Notes & Queries, 8th Ser. III. 248, 377. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water water leatOE water lade1224 leat1279 watergang1293 sow1316 trough1398 wissinga1400 lanec1420 waterway1431 water leasow1440 watercoursea1450 fleam1523 lead1541 cut1548 aqueducta1552 lake1559 strand1565 race1570 channel1581 watergauge1597 gout1598 server1610 carriage1669 runnel1669 aquage1706 shoot1707 tewel1725 run1761 penstock1763 hulve1764 way-gang1766 culvert1774 flume1784 shute1790 pentrough1793 raceway1793 water carriage1793 carrier1794 conductor1796 water carrier1827 penchute1875 chute1878 by-cut1883 1774 Ann. Reg. 1773 97 40 locks, 114 cart-bridges, 9 foot-bridges, and 120 culverts or aqueducts, including those magnificent ones over the rivers Dove and Trent. 1785 Dudley & Birmingham Canal Act (25 Geo. III, c. 87) §6 The said Company..shall..make and support good and sufficient Culverts and Aqueducts to convey the same [streams]..in the several and respective courses in which they have hitherto run. 1788 Deritend Bridge Act (28 Geo. III, c. 70 §7) To cause a Culvert to be made of the diameter of six feet at the least. 1801 Croydon Canal Act (41 Geo. III, c. 127 §95). 1804 A. Rees Cycl. at Canal The construction of culverts or drains under a canal, for conveying away water from the upper to the lower side of a canal. 1837 F. Whishaw Anal. Railways 271 Culvert, a large drain either of brick or stone used in railways for passing brooks and streams under the embankments. 1840 F. Whishaw Railways Great Brit. & Ireland 426 The largest culvert carries the Claxton brook under the embankment. b. Applied to an underground channel in which electric cables or mains are laid; also called a conduit. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > for electrical wires > underground culvert1889 1889 Daily News 12 Oct. 6/1 Mr. Crompton's culverts are..narrow and shallow tunnels lined with brick work. The St. James's Company's cast-iron troughs may be fairly described as portable culverts. They..are an impregnable protection for the copper cables inside them. 1893 Electr. Engineer 12 May vii Systems of copper strip laid in culverts. Derivatives ˈculvert v. to provide or lay with culverts. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [verb (transitive)] > lead or extend a watercourse or channel > provide with culverts culvert1889 1889 Daily News 12 Oct. 6/1 The culverting of Clubland [for electric lighting] has been an exceptionally difficult operation. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer I. 121 The streets were aligned, metalled, and culverted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † culvertadj. Forms: Also Middle English culvart, culvard; and see colward adj. Etymology: < Old French culvert, colvert, late Latin collībertus fellow-freedman, in Middle Ages a serf, villain, one whose condition was intermediate between slavery and freedom, but nearer the former; hence, adj. abject, wretched, villainous, vile, infamous, etc. Obsolete. Infamous, villainous, treacherous. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > treachery or treason > [adjective] lewec1000 culvert?c1225 false?c1225 fokela1275 colwardc1330 treacherousc1330 traitorousc1380 traitora1400 treasonfula1400 traitorfulc1440 treasonousc1450 treasonable1487 proditiousa1500 proditorya1500 unfaithful1530 trustless1554 traitorlya1586 Punic1590 truce-breaking1592 faiterous1600 Iscarioticala1625 betraying1629 infide1663 traditoriana1734 Iscariotic1879 society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > undutifulness > treachery > [adjective] swikec893 lewec1000 swikelc1000 swikefulc1100 culvert?c1225 fokela1275 colwardc1330 treacherousc1330 traitorousc1380 traitora1400 treacherc1400 traitorfulc1440 proditorious?a1475 fraudfulc1475 proditiousa1500 proditorya1500 perfidiousa1538 snakya1586 traitorlya1586 Punic1590 traitor-wise1598 faiterous1600 Iscarioticala1625 Judaslya1626 fidious1640 traditoriana1734 double-crossing1838 Judasian1855 Iscariotic1879 two-timing1927 two-time1937 quisling1941 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 76 Noðelas nis se culuerd as is on pleinte wise. a1300 Floriz & Bl. 329 Þe porter is culuert and felun. c1325 Chron. Eng. 788 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 303 The King hede a stiward, That was fel ant culvard. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1774adj.?c1225
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