crumplev.

/ˈkrʌmp(ə)l/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s cromple, crompyl, crompull.

Etymology: In form, a diminutive and iterative of crump v.¹, for the affinities of which see Note to cramp n.¹ As Old English y frequently gave later u, crumple might arise merely as a later form of crymple, crimple; but the historical evidence does not favour this. Found first in past participle, which might belong either to an intransitive or transitive verb (compare withered , faded ); see crumpled adj.

1. intransitive. To become incurved or crushed together; to contract and shrivel up; to become creased or wrinkled by being crushed together.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > misshapenness > lose shape or become misshapen [verb (intransitive)] > due to strain or stress

crumple?c1450

collapse1732

set1798

flow1887

yield1900

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > become wrinkled

rivelOE

snurpc1300

runklea1425

crumple?c1450

wrinkle1528

purse1597

pucker1598

crinklea1600

crimple1600

rumple1622

ruckle1695

ruck1758

crunkle1825

pocket1873

crease1876

full1889

concertina1918

furrow1961

?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 124 Throwyth in ȝowre angeltwatchys, and late hem boylyn ryght weell; and as sone as þei crumpill and dryin, gadir hem owte.

1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. C iij To crompull to gether like parchement cast in the fire.

1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 4^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I It [sc. aqua vitæ] kepeth and preserueth..the veynes from crumpling.

1633 T. James Strange Voy. 63 The snow..crumples and so runnes vpon it selfe, that in a few houres it will be fiue or sixe foote thicke.

1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel vi. 193 Hence it is that men crumple so in persecution.

1855 A. Trollope Warden vi. 93 How..the muslin fluttered and crumpled before Eleanor and another nymph were duly seated at the piano.

2. transitive. To crook, bend together, contort; in modern use, esp. by crushing.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > misshapenness > put out of shape [verb (transitive)] > distort

wresta1000

writheOE

miswrencha1393

wrya1586

divert1609

crumple1615

rumple1636

contort1705

screwa1711

distort1751

twist1769

shevel1777

gnarl1814

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 268 He sitteth in the wombe crumpled, contracted or bent round.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Honest Mans Fortune ii. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Vuuuu/2 He would have crumpled, curled, and struck himselfe Out of the shape of man.

1630 J. Taylor Trav. in Wks. iii. 82/1 The fellow was hanged, who being not choaked..did stirre his legges, and writhe and crumple his body.

1880 A. R. Wallace Island Life vi. 86 The effect..is to crumple the strata and force up certain areas in great contorted masses.

3. To crush into irregular creases; to ruffle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease > crumple

scrumplec1600

crumple1632

rafflec1728

wobble1854

cringle1880

crush1893

1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iv. sig. H3^v Plague on him, how he has crumpled our bands.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 130. ¶2 Sir Roger..exposing his Palm..they crumpled it into all Shapes, and diligently scanned every Wrinkle.

1825 tr. De Genlis' Mem. I. 175 He..crumpled my gowns, and even tore them.

1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. xii. 104 Don't crumple that scarf, Jane.

4. To wrinkle the smooth surface of; to corrugate, to crinkle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease

frounce1390

frumple1398

crunklec1400

plighta1425

crinklec1430

crimple1440

rimple1440

rivel1543

wrinkle1543

crease1588

shrivel1609

befrumple1611

frowze1611

wrimple1611

pucker1616

furl1689

ruck1706

runkle1720

crink1821

furrow1853

crumple1858

ruckle1866

bumfle1911

1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table in Atlantic Monthly July 237/2 I could see her..crumpling the water before her, weather-beaten, barnacled.

1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ix. §445 The Sunbeam has power to wrinkle and crumple the surface of the sea by alternate expansion and contraction of its waters.

a. To crush (together) in an irregularly folded state.

ΚΠ

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 479 Huddled up, and as it were crouded and crumpled together.

1862 G. A. Sala Seven Sons Mammon I. xii. 307 She crumpled the cheque in her hand, and walked to the door.

b. to crumple up: to shrivel up by compression; to crush together in a contracted or compressed state. Also figurative (usually passive).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > fail or collapse (of institution, etc.)

to fall downc1175

to crumple up1577

the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > compress or constrict > into irregular folds

to crumple up1577

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 185 The little Worme, or Grubbe..lyeth crumpled vp in the Coame.

1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C^v Are thy moyst entrals crumpled vp with griefe Of parching mischiefs?

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 34 Our Rose of Jericho..though crumpled and furdled up, yet, if infused in Water, will swell and display its parts.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. x. 182 He saw Drysdale crumple up the notes in his hand.

1865 G. Meredith Let. 11 Aug. (1970) I. 315 I fear that you are crumpled up with this accursed dyspepsia.

1916 A. Huxley Let. May (1969) 100 The only time they tried to do anything strong..they were absolutely crumpled up.

c. intransitive (for reflexive). Also, to give way, collapse.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > shortness in time [verb (intransitive)] > shorten

shortc1000

shorten1569

crumple1858

1858 Sat. Rev. 6 90/2 Years crumple up into nothing, or extend to vast duration.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 17 May 2/2 It may be well that the Spanish defeat should not be too immediately overwhelming. It may help to keep Spain stable internally if she does not ‘crumple up’ at once.

6. Applied to the action and accompanying sound of crushing under foot things moderately brittle; said also intransitive of the things so crushed. Cf. crump v.²

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > crackle

brastlec1000

rashetOE

spranklea1387

sprinklea1398

graislea1522

crash1563

crackle?1570

crick-crackle1608

decrepitate1677

crump1789

happer1825

crumple1837

crickle1849

crick-crack1850

crepitate1853

the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > make brittle > make crisp > crush crisp substance

crump1789

crisp1824

crumple1837

scranch1845

crunch1849

1837 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 7 Oct. in Amer. Notebks. (1972) iii. 156 Fallen leaves and acorns lying beneath; the footsteps crumple them in walking.

1861 N. A. Woods Prince of Wales in Canada & U.S. 63 The dry, sultry ashes of the forest crumple under your feet.

7. figurative. To deprive of strength and energy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak

fellOE

wastec1230

faintc1386

endull1395

resolvea1398

afaintc1400

defeat?c1400

dissolvec1400

weakc1400

craze1476

feeblish1477

debilite1483

overfeeble1495

plucka1529

to bring low1530

debilitate1541

acraze1549

decaya1554

infirma1555

weaken1569

effeeble1571

enervate1572

enfeeble1576

slay1578

to pull downa1586

prosternate1593

shake1594

to lay along1598

unsinew1598

languefy1607

enerve1613

pulla1616

dispirit1647

imbecilitate1647

unstring1700

to run down1733

sap1755

reduce1767

prostrate1780

shatter1785

undermine1812

imbecile1829

disinvigorate1844

devitalize1849

wreck1850

atrophy1865

crumple1892

1892 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 47 For the sickness gets in as the liquor dies out, An' it crumples the young British soldier.

Draft additions September 2006

crumple zone n. a part of a motor vehicle (esp. at the front or rear) which is designed to protect passengers in a collision by undergoing controlled compression and absorbing some of the energy of the impact.

ΚΠ

1966 Sunday Times 14 Aug. 6/8 The most effective way of controlling initial deceleration would be to build a ‘crumple box’ on the front of the car.]

1971 Times 26 May 3/3 (advt.) A rigid passenger compartment with crumple zones front and rear.

2001 A. Sayle Dog Catcher 98 He walked away without a mark on him, the German car's crumple zones having crumpled and all its airbags dangling like big used condoms.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	crumple
释义	crumplen. Forms: In 1600s cromple. Etymology: Compare German krumpel , krümpel in same sense, < krumm , krumb , krump crooked; also crumple v. 1. A crushed fold or wrinkle produced by compression. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > pressing, pressure, or squeezing > [noun] > mark or crease made by pressing press1601 crumple1607 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [noun] > wrinkled condition > wrinkle or crease rimpleeOE frouncec1374 runklea1400 wrinklea1420 ruge?a1425 crimple1440 wreathc1440 wrimple1499 rumple?a1513 scrumple?a1513 wimple1513 crease1578 bag1587 crinkle1596 pucker1598 press1601 crumple1607 creasing1665 ruck1774 cramp1828 fold1840 ruckle1853 bumfle1867 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster West-ward Hoe ii. sig. B3^v My forehead has more cromples, then the back part of a counsellors gowne. 1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 584 The best method of taking out the creases and crumples..without damaging the drawing or colours. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxi. 149 An ice-fall, on one side of which I found large crumples produced by the pressure. 2. figurative. The act of giving way or collapsing. (Cf. crumple v. 5c.) ΚΠ 1909 H. G. Wells Ann Veronica vii. 140 The other's a crumple-up—just surrender. Funk! I'll see it out. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † crumpleadj. Etymology: < crumple v. Obsolete. = crumpled adj.: chiefly in combination, as crumple-horned adj.; crumple-back n. crook-back. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > [adjective] > wrinkled or creased rivelledlOE hirpleda1400 runkleda1400 rimpleda1425 wrimpledc1430 crimpled1440 frumpledc1440 runkle?1440 ruscledc1440 crumple1523 wrinkled?1523 creased1545 pursy1552 shrivelled1565 wrinkly1573 crumpled1577 ruffed1578 scrimpledc1590 wrizzled1590 wimpled1599 rucked1600 puckered1606 cappard1608 wrinkleful1608 plighty1615 yfrouncta1643 puggered1653 caperated1657 wreathed1657 pursed1676 crinkly1750 runkly1772 wrinkling1791 ruckya1825 puckery1830 creasy1858 seamy1874 crinkle1886 kinkled1890 bumfled1943 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > bos taurus or ox > [adjective] > having particular type of horns upheaded1549 crumple-horned1685 crumpled-horn?a1750 snail-horned1787 snaily1884 scurred1963 the world > health and disease > ill health > deformity > deformities of specific parts > [noun] > hump back > person crouchbackc1491 crook-backa1513 urchin1528 lord1653 crump-backa1661 crump1698 hump1708 humpback1712 hunchback1712 crumple-back1845 bible-back1873 knarl- 1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 1 White brode wollen clothes with crumpil listes. 1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ v. 275 White Crumple-horned Cows. 1842 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland II. 395 The long-horned, or crumple-horned. 1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. i. 207 She had shown partiality to the crumple-back, Job. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). crumplev. /ˈkrʌmp(ə)l/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s cromple, crompyl, crompull. Etymology: In form, a diminutive and iterative of crump v.¹, for the affinities of which see Note to cramp n.¹ As Old English y frequently gave later u, crumple might arise merely as a later form of crymple, crimple; but the historical evidence does not favour this. Found first in past participle, which might belong either to an intransitive or transitive verb (compare withered , faded ); see crumpled adj. 1. intransitive. To become incurved or crushed together; to contract and shrivel up; to become creased or wrinkled by being crushed together. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > misshapenness > lose shape or become misshapen [verb (intransitive)] > due to strain or stress crumple?c1450 collapse1732 set1798 flow1887 yield1900 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > become corrugated [verb (intransitive)] > become wrinkled rivelOE snurpc1300 runklea1425 crumple?c1450 wrinkle1528 purse1597 pucker1598 crinklea1600 crimple1600 rumple1622 ruckle1695 ruck1758 crunkle1825 pocket1873 crease1876 full1889 concertina1918 furrow1961 ?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 124 Throwyth in ȝowre angeltwatchys, and late hem boylyn ryght weell; and as sone as þei crumpill and dryin, gadir hem owte. 1528 T. Paynell tr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova in Joannes de Mediolano Regimen Sanitatis Salerni sig. C iij To crompull to gether like parchement cast in the fire. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande ii. f. 4^v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I It [sc. aqua vitæ] kepeth and preserueth..the veynes from crumpling. 1633 T. James Strange Voy. 63 The snow..crumples and so runnes vpon it selfe, that in a few houres it will be fiue or sixe foote thicke. 1681 H. More Plain Expos. Daniel vi. 193 Hence it is that men crumple so in persecution. 1855 A. Trollope Warden vi. 93 How..the muslin fluttered and crumpled before Eleanor and another nymph were duly seated at the piano. 2. transitive. To crook, bend together, contort; in modern use, esp. by crushing. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > misshapenness > put out of shape [verb (transitive)] > distort wresta1000 writheOE miswrencha1393 wrya1586 divert1609 crumple1615 rumple1636 contort1705 screwa1711 distort1751 twist1769 shevel1777 gnarl1814 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 268 He sitteth in the wombe crumpled, contracted or bent round. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Honest Mans Fortune ii. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Vuuuu/2 He would have crumpled, curled, and struck himselfe Out of the shape of man. 1630 J. Taylor Trav. in Wks. iii. 82/1 The fellow was hanged, who being not choaked..did stirre his legges, and writhe and crumple his body. 1880 A. R. Wallace Island Life vi. 86 The effect..is to crumple the strata and force up certain areas in great contorted masses. 3. To crush into irregular creases; to ruffle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease > crumple scrumplec1600 crumple1632 rafflec1728 wobble1854 cringle1880 crush1893 1632 P. Massinger & N. Field Fatall Dowry iv. sig. H3^v Plague on him, how he has crumpled our bands. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 130. ¶2 Sir Roger..exposing his Palm..they crumpled it into all Shapes, and diligently scanned every Wrinkle. 1825 tr. De Genlis' Mem. I. 175 He..crumpled my gowns, and even tore them. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton Alice I. i. xii. 104 Don't crumple that scarf, Jane. 4. To wrinkle the smooth surface of; to corrugate, to crinkle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > corrugation > corrugate [verb (transitive)] > wrinkle or crease frounce1390 frumple1398 crunklec1400 plighta1425 crinklec1430 crimple1440 rimple1440 rivel1543 wrinkle1543 crease1588 shrivel1609 befrumple1611 frowze1611 wrimple1611 pucker1616 furl1689 ruck1706 runkle1720 crink1821 furrow1853 crumple1858 ruckle1866 bumfle1911 1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table in Atlantic Monthly July 237/2 I could see her..crumpling the water before her, weather-beaten, barnacled. 1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) ix. §445 The Sunbeam has power to wrinkle and crumple the surface of the sea by alternate expansion and contraction of its waters. 5. a. To crush (together) in an irregularly folded state. ΚΠ 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 479 Huddled up, and as it were crouded and crumpled together. 1862 G. A. Sala Seven Sons Mammon I. xii. 307 She crumpled the cheque in her hand, and walked to the door. b. to crumple up: to shrivel up by compression; to crush together in a contracted or compressed state. Also figurative (usually passive). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > fail or be unsuccessful [verb (intransitive)] > fail or collapse (of institution, etc.) to fall downc1175 to crumple up1577 the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > compress or constrict > into irregular folds to crumple up1577 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iv. f. 185 The little Worme, or Grubbe..lyeth crumpled vp in the Coame. 1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C^v Are thy moyst entrals crumpled vp with griefe Of parching mischiefs? a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 34 Our Rose of Jericho..though crumpled and furdled up, yet, if infused in Water, will swell and display its parts. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. x. 182 He saw Drysdale crumple up the notes in his hand. 1865 G. Meredith Let. 11 Aug. (1970) I. 315 I fear that you are crumpled up with this accursed dyspepsia. 1916 A. Huxley Let. May (1969) 100 The only time they tried to do anything strong..they were absolutely crumpled up. c. intransitive (for reflexive). Also, to give way, collapse. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > shortness in time [verb (intransitive)] > shorten shortc1000 shorten1569 crumple1858 1858 Sat. Rev. 6 90/2 Years crumple up into nothing, or extend to vast duration. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 17 May 2/2 It may be well that the Spanish defeat should not be too immediately overwhelming. It may help to keep Spain stable internally if she does not ‘crumple up’ at once. 6. Applied to the action and accompanying sound of crushing under foot things moderately brittle; said also intransitive of the things so crushed. Cf. crump v.² ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > repeated sound or succession of sounds > [verb (intransitive)] > crackle brastlec1000 rashetOE spranklea1387 sprinklea1398 graislea1522 crash1563 crackle?1570 crick-crackle1608 decrepitate1677 crump1789 happer1825 crumple1837 crickle1849 crick-crack1850 crepitate1853 the world > matter > constitution of matter > weakness > make weak [verb (transitive)] > make brittle > make crisp > crush crisp substance crump1789 crisp1824 crumple1837 scranch1845 crunch1849 1837 N. Hawthorne Jrnl. 7 Oct. in Amer. Notebks. (1972) iii. 156 Fallen leaves and acorns lying beneath; the footsteps crumple them in walking. 1861 N. A. Woods Prince of Wales in Canada & U.S. 63 The dry, sultry ashes of the forest crumple under your feet. 7. figurative. To deprive of strength and energy. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > cause to be ill [verb (transitive)] > make weak fellOE wastec1230 faintc1386 endull1395 resolvea1398 afaintc1400 defeat?c1400 dissolvec1400 weakc1400 craze1476 feeblish1477 debilite1483 overfeeble1495 plucka1529 to bring low1530 debilitate1541 acraze1549 decaya1554 infirma1555 weaken1569 effeeble1571 enervate1572 enfeeble1576 slay1578 to pull downa1586 prosternate1593 shake1594 to lay along1598 unsinew1598 languefy1607 enerve1613 pulla1616 dispirit1647 imbecilitate1647 unstring1700 to run down1733 sap1755 reduce1767 prostrate1780 shatter1785 undermine1812 imbecile1829 disinvigorate1844 devitalize1849 wreck1850 atrophy1865 crumple1892 1892 R. Kipling Barrack-room Ballads 47 For the sickness gets in as the liquor dies out, An' it crumples the young British soldier. Draft additions September 2006 crumple zone n. a part of a motor vehicle (esp. at the front or rear) which is designed to protect passengers in a collision by undergoing controlled compression and absorbing some of the energy of the impact. ΚΠ 1966 Sunday Times 14 Aug. 6/8 The most effective way of controlling initial deceleration would be to build a ‘crumple box’ on the front of the car.] 1971 Times 26 May 3/3 (advt.) A rigid passenger compartment with crumple zones front and rear. 2001 A. Sayle Dog Catcher 98 He walked away without a mark on him, the German car's crumple zones having crumpled and all its airbags dangling like big used condoms. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1607adj.1523v.?c1450
随便看	illustrissimo illutible illuttering illuvial illuviated illuviation illuviations illuxurious illventilated illvisaged illwashen illweaved illwedded illwill illwilled illwiller illwilling illwillingness illwilly illwish illwisher illwon illworded illwresting illwritten

crumplen.

† crumpleadj.

crumplev.

Draft additions September 2006