† cunv.

Forms:

α. Old English cunedon (plural past indicative, transmission error), Old English cunnege (Northumbrian, rare), Old English cunnian, early Middle English cunnenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English cunni (south-west midlands), early Middle English cunnie, early Middle English kunne, 1600s cun; Scottish pre-1700 cowne, pre-1700 cwnd, pre-1700 kune, pre-1700 1800s cun, 1800s kun.

β. 1500s (Scottish) 1800s (archaic) con.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Probably also partly formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: conner n.¹

Etymology: Originally cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon -kunnon (in gikunnon to experience), and also (with different stem class) Old High German kunnēn (Middle High German kunnen ) to try, test, investigate, to find out, Gothic -kunnan (in gakunnan to learn to know, to understand, anakunnan to read, atkunnan to learn to know, ufkunnan to recognize) < the Germanic base of can v.¹ In later use (from the 15th cent., in sense 2) probably a back-formation < conner n.¹ (see forms at that entry, and compare also ale conner n.).The Older Scots form cwnd shows excrescent -d . In Old English a weak verb of Class II. The prefixed form gecunnian to try, test, tempt, to seek to know, to find out, know, prove (compare y- prefix) is also attested (compare Old High German gikunnēn to try, test, to taste, to experience, and the Old Saxon and Gothic forms cited above); compare also Old English acunnian to try, test, tempt, to experience, to prove (compare a- prefix¹; compare also Old High German irkunnēn to experience), and forcunnian to tempt, to grasp, understand (compare for- prefix¹).

Obsolete.

a. transitive. To have experience of; to test, to try, make trial of.In Old English also with genitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > try, test [verb (transitive)]

cuneOE

afondOE

found1340

searcha1382

experiment1481

experience1541

probe1542

try1545

invent1548

sound1589

to bring or put to the test1594

plumb1599

to feel out1600

essay1656

test1748

plumb-line1875

to try out1888

the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > to do something

cuneOE

seekc1000

fanda1225

suec1325

tastec1330

enforcec1340

study1340

temptc1384

intendc1385

assaila1393

proffera1393

to make meansc1395

search?a1400

fraistc1400

pursuec1400

to go aboutc1405

pretend1482

attempta1513

essay?1515

attend1523

regarda1533

offer1541

frame1545

to stand about1549

to put into (also in) practice1592

prove1612

imitate1626

snap1766

begin1833

make1880

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > experience > [verb (transitive)]

haveeOE

cuneOE

supOE

yfeeleOE

afondOE

canOE

seeOE

knowc1175

provea1200

feelc1225

passa1325

fraistc1330

wielda1375

wita1450

experiment1484

approve1578

experiencea1586

resent1595

fand-

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > know, be conversant with [verb (transitive)] > know how to

cuneOE

yknoweOE

canOE

knowa1250

eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. iv. 392 Mot ic nu cunnian [h]won þinre fæstræ[dnes]se þæt ic þonan ongietan mæge hwonon ic þin tilian scyle and hu?

eOE Metrical Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn (Corpus Cambr. 422) ii. 227 Dol bið se ðe gæð on deop wæter, se ðe sund nafað..; huru se godes cunnað full dyslice, dryhtnes meahta.

OE Crist III 1417 Ða mec ongon hreowan þæt min hondgeweorc on feonda geweald feran sceolde.., sceolde uncuðne eard cunnian, sare siþas.

OE Beowulf (2008) 508 Ðær git for wlence wada cunnedon ond for dolgilpe on deop wæter aldrum neþdon.

b. transitive. To try to do something. Also with if-clause.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxx. 437 Bringað eowre sceattas, & uton cunnian gif we magon þone reþan wiðersacan on his geancyrre gegladian.

lOE Homily: De Inclusis (Corpus Cambr. 303) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 178 Georne cunnie ælc man to befleonne hellewite, forþon hit is þærinne sarlic to wunigenne.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12137 He wollde cunnenn swa. To brinngenn inn hiss herrte. Erþlike þingess lufe & lusst.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 87 Swiche hertes fondeð þe fule gost..and cunneð gif he mai þer-inne herbergen.

a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 151 Summe to kunnen if heo mihten him mid sunne undernime.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 30 Ham..þe cunnið to beon cleane.

a. transitive. To taste. Also intransitive with of. Scottish in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [verb (transitive)]

fandc893

cunc1175

smatch?c1225

swallowa1340

tastea1400

savour?a1425

strain1533

relish1592

pree1680

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 834 Ne wollde het næfre cunnenn.

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 50 He dude his deorewurðe muð þerto & smeihte ant cunnede þerof.

1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik l. 260 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 268 Dame eit w^t me and drink gif þat ȝe may Said þe gudwyf devill inche cun may I.

1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae sig. C3^v Thay sall not than our Cherrie con [1636 cun].

1599 A. Hume Epist. to G. Montcrieff in Hymnes sig. H Swa inexpert yet at that time and houre, I felt the sweete, but had not cund the sowre.

1637 A. Gardyne Memorable Historick Descr. Sacred Bks. sig. A3 When he should, that Tree of knowledge cun He then should dye, that day, and be vndone.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. To Cun, to taste... It is still used in this sense, Dumfr.

b. transitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. To taste (drink, esp. ale) to ensure that it is of the proper quality; (also) to value (drink, esp. ale) on the basis of such tasting. Cf. ale conner n. historical in later use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [verb (transitive)] > test by tasting

assay1377

tastea1400

to taste ofa1400

saya1450

cun1493

essay1598

palate1609

pree1680

flavour1823

taste-test1979

1493 in E. Beveridge Burgh Rec. Dunfermline (1917) 46 All ale..at is nocht wortht xij d. to be cunnit witht the officiaris for viij d.

1580 in W. Mackay & H. C. Boyd Rec. Inverness (1911) I. 278 Being..accusit for selling of xij d. aill efter the samyn was cunnyt and sett for x d. the quart.

1603 Sheriff Court Bk. Shetland f. 91^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Cun v. That the ale be sufficient and owklie to be cunnit be Ihone Sinclair.

1860 London Rev. July 357 Like the beer, it [sc. wine] was to be ‘conned’, and duly gaged by officers appointed for the purpose.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	cun
释义	† cunv. Forms: α. Old English cunedon (plural past indicative, transmission error), Old English cunnege (Northumbrian, rare), Old English cunnian, early Middle English cunnenn ( Ormulum), early Middle English cunni (south-west midlands), early Middle English cunnie, early Middle English kunne, 1600s cun; Scottish pre-1700 cowne, pre-1700 cwnd, pre-1700 kune, pre-1700 1800s cun, 1800s kun. β. 1500s (Scottish) 1800s (archaic) con. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Probably also partly formed within English, by back-formation. Etymon: conner n.¹ Etymology: Originally cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon -kunnon (in gikunnon to experience), and also (with different stem class) Old High German kunnēn (Middle High German kunnen ) to try, test, investigate, to find out, Gothic -kunnan (in gakunnan to learn to know, to understand, anakunnan to read, atkunnan to learn to know, ufkunnan to recognize) < the Germanic base of can v.¹ In later use (from the 15th cent., in sense 2) probably a back-formation < conner n.¹ (see forms at that entry, and compare also ale conner n.).The Older Scots form cwnd shows excrescent -d . In Old English a weak verb of Class II. The prefixed form gecunnian to try, test, tempt, to seek to know, to find out, know, prove (compare y- prefix) is also attested (compare Old High German gikunnēn to try, test, to taste, to experience, and the Old Saxon and Gothic forms cited above); compare also Old English acunnian to try, test, tempt, to experience, to prove (compare a- prefix¹; compare also Old High German irkunnēn to experience), and forcunnian to tempt, to grasp, understand (compare for- prefix¹). Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To have experience of; to test, to try, make trial of.In Old English also with genitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > try, test [verb (transitive)] cuneOE afondOE found1340 searcha1382 experiment1481 experience1541 probe1542 try1545 invent1548 sound1589 to bring or put to the test1594 plumb1599 to feel out1600 essay1656 test1748 plumb-line1875 to try out1888 the world > action or operation > endeavour > make an attempt or endeavour [verb (intransitive)] > to do something cuneOE seekc1000 fanda1225 suec1325 tastec1330 enforcec1340 study1340 temptc1384 intendc1385 assaila1393 proffera1393 to make meansc1395 search?a1400 fraistc1400 pursuec1400 to go aboutc1405 pretend1482 attempta1513 essay?1515 attend1523 regarda1533 offer1541 frame1545 to stand about1549 to put into (also in) practice1592 prove1612 imitate1626 snap1766 begin1833 make1880 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > experience > [verb (transitive)] haveeOE cuneOE supOE yfeeleOE afondOE canOE seeOE knowc1175 provea1200 feelc1225 passa1325 fraistc1330 wielda1375 wita1450 experiment1484 approve1578 experiencea1586 resent1595 fand- the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > know, be conversant with [verb (transitive)] > know how to cuneOE yknoweOE canOE knowa1250 eOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Otho) (2009) I. iv. 392 Mot ic nu cunnian [h]won þinre fæstræ[dnes]se þæt ic þonan ongietan mæge hwonon ic þin tilian scyle and hu? eOE Metrical Dialogue of Solomon & Saturn (Corpus Cambr. 422) ii. 227 Dol bið se ðe gæð on deop wæter, se ðe sund nafað..; huru se godes cunnað full dyslice, dryhtnes meahta. OE Crist III 1417 Ða mec ongon hreowan þæt min hondgeweorc on feonda geweald feran sceolde.., sceolde uncuðne eard cunnian, sare siþas. OE Beowulf (2008) 508 Ðær git for wlence wada cunnedon ond for dolgilpe on deop wæter aldrum neþdon. b. transitive. To try to do something. Also with if-clause. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxx. 437 Bringað eowre sceattas, & uton cunnian gif we magon þone reþan wiðersacan on his geancyrre gegladian. lOE Homily: De Inclusis (Corpus Cambr. 303) in D. G. Scragg Vercelli Homilies & Related Texts (1992) 178 Georne cunnie ælc man to befleonne hellewite, forþon hit is þærinne sarlic to wunigenne. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12137 He wollde cunnenn swa. To brinngenn inn hiss herrte. Erþlike þingess lufe & lusst. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 87 Swiche hertes fondeð þe fule gost..and cunneð gif he mai þer-inne herbergen. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 151 Summe to kunnen if heo mihten him mid sunne undernime. c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 30 Ham..þe cunnið to beon cleane. 2. a. transitive. To taste. Also intransitive with of. Scottish in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [verb (transitive)] fandc893 cunc1175 smatch?c1225 swallowa1340 tastea1400 savour?a1425 strain1533 relish1592 pree1680 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 834 Ne wollde het næfre cunnenn. a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 50 He dude his deorewurðe muð þerto & smeihte ant cunnede þerof. 1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik l. 260 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 268 Dame eit w^t me and drink gif þat ȝe may Said þe gudwyf devill inche cun may I. 1597 A. Montgomerie Cherrie & Slae sig. C3^v Thay sall not than our Cherrie con [1636 cun]. 1599 A. Hume Epist. to G. Montcrieff in Hymnes sig. H Swa inexpert yet at that time and houre, I felt the sweete, but had not cund the sowre. 1637 A. Gardyne Memorable Historick Descr. Sacred Bks. sig. A3 When he should, that Tree of knowledge cun He then should dye, that day, and be vndone. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. To Cun, to taste... It is still used in this sense, Dumfr. b. transitive. Originally and chiefly Scottish. To taste (drink, esp. ale) to ensure that it is of the proper quality; (also) to value (drink, esp. ale) on the basis of such tasting. Cf. ale conner n. historical in later use. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > taste and flavour > [verb (transitive)] > test by tasting assay1377 tastea1400 to taste ofa1400 saya1450 cun1493 essay1598 palate1609 pree1680 flavour1823 taste-test1979 1493 in E. Beveridge Burgh Rec. Dunfermline (1917) 46 All ale..at is nocht wortht xij d. to be cunnit witht the officiaris for viij d. 1580 in W. Mackay & H. C. Boyd Rec. Inverness (1911) I. 278 Being..accusit for selling of xij d. aill efter the samyn was cunnyt and sett for x d. the quart. 1603 Sheriff Court Bk. Shetland f. 91^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Cun v. That the ale be sufficient and owklie to be cunnit be Ihone Sinclair. 1860 London Rev. July 357 Like the beer, it [sc. wine] was to be ‘conned’, and duly gaged by officers appointed for the purpose. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). > see also also refers to : conconnecunv.² < v.eOE see also
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† cunv.

> see also