cowerv.

/kaʊə/

Forms: Middle English koure, Middle English–1600s coure, Middle English–1600s cowre, 1600s (1700s–1800s Scottish) cour, 1700s cowr, 1700s– cower.

Etymology: perhaps of Norse derivation: compare Icelandic kúra to sleep, doze, Swedish kura, Danish kure, to squat; also modern German kauern to cower, of which the antecedents are unknown.

a. intransitive. To stand or squat in a bent position; to bend with the knees and back; to crouch, esp. for shelter, from danger, or in timidity.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action of crouching or squatting > crouch or squat [verb (intransitive)]

ruck?c1225

cowerc1300

crouchc1394

couch?a1400

hurklea1400

quatc1425

squat1573

squat1609

thigh1611

swat1615

hunker1720

lower1720

squattle1786

croodle1788

scrooch1844

the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > cower or flinch

wondec897

shuna1000

blencha1250

cowerc1300

scunnerc1425

cringea1525

to play couch-quaila1529

quail1544

winch1605

dwindle1612

blank1642

shy1650

scringec1700

funk?1746

flinch1883

curl1913

c1300 K. Alis. 2053 Treowe love in heorte durith, Ac nede coward byhynde kourith.

1340–70 Alisaunder 557 To hur God Seraphin þe gomes gon all Koure doune on hur knees.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3336 Ȝe..couwardli as caitifs couren here in meuwe.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 47 He koured lowe to bi-hold in at þe hole.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xx. i Wynter..causeth a lusty man and woman to coure and sytte fast by the fyre.

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. ii. sig. Aii^v They coure so ouer y^e coles, theyr eyes be bleard with smooke.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §155 If the Pail be put over the Mans head above Water and then he cowre down, and the Pail be pressed down with him.

1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 16 Cowring and Quaking at a Conqueror's Sword.

1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 291 With humble Adulation cow'ring low.

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 7 Close in her covert cowered the doe.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 550 She remained with her child, cowering for shelter from the storm under the tower of Lambeth Church.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xii. 390 The dog cowers at the sight of the whip.

b. Hawking. (See quot. 1728.)

ΚΠ

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Cowring, in Falconry, the quivering of young Hawks, which shake their Wings, in Sign of Obedience to the old ones.

c. past participle = Cowering. (Cf. huddled adj.) rare.

ΚΠ

1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xxii. 271 I left them cowered up in a small room.

2. transitive. To lower, bend down. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body

clitchc1025

foldc1380

flexa1521

clutch1614

hingea1616

stoop1637

cock1698

cower1790

slouch1866

1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 179 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 563 But here my Muse her wing maun cour; Sic flights are far beyond her pow'r.

1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto III xxxii. 19 The patriarch of the flock all gently cowers His sober head.

1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 330 I have..Cowered my powers, and becalmed my course.

Derivatives

ˈcowering n.

ΚΠ

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iii. 47 Cowering or crouching is so natural an expression of fear.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cower
释义	cowerv. /kaʊə/ Forms: Middle English koure, Middle English–1600s coure, Middle English–1600s cowre, 1600s (1700s–1800s Scottish) cour, 1700s cowr, 1700s– cower. Etymology: perhaps of Norse derivation: compare Icelandic kúra to sleep, doze, Swedish kura, Danish kure, to squat; also modern German kauern to cower, of which the antecedents are unknown. 1. a. intransitive. To stand or squat in a bent position; to bend with the knees and back; to crouch, esp. for shelter, from danger, or in timidity. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action of crouching or squatting > crouch or squat [verb (intransitive)] ruck?c1225 cowerc1300 crouchc1394 couch?a1400 hurklea1400 quatc1425 squat1573 squat1609 thigh1611 swat1615 hunker1720 lower1720 squattle1786 croodle1788 scrooch1844 the mind > emotion > fear > physical symptoms of fear > exhibit physical symptoms [verb (intransitive)] > cower or flinch wondec897 shuna1000 blencha1250 cowerc1300 scunnerc1425 cringea1525 to play couch-quaila1529 quail1544 winch1605 dwindle1612 blank1642 shy1650 scringec1700 funk?1746 flinch1883 curl1913 c1300 K. Alis. 2053 Treowe love in heorte durith, Ac nede coward byhynde kourith. 1340–70 Alisaunder 557 To hur God Seraphin þe gomes gon all Koure doune on hur knees. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 3336 Ȝe..couwardli as caitifs couren here in meuwe. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 47 He koured lowe to bi-hold in at þe hole. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xx. i Wynter..causeth a lusty man and woman to coure and sytte fast by the fyre. 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle i. ii. sig. Aii^v They coure so ouer y^e coles, theyr eyes be bleard with smooke. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §155 If the Pail be put over the Mans head above Water and then he cowre down, and the Pail be pressed down with him. 1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 16 Cowring and Quaking at a Conqueror's Sword. 1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 291 With humble Adulation cow'ring low. 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 7 Close in her covert cowered the doe. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 550 She remained with her child, cowering for shelter from the storm under the tower of Lambeth Church. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xii. 390 The dog cowers at the sight of the whip. b. Hawking. (See quot. 1728.) ΚΠ 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Cowring, in Falconry, the quivering of young Hawks, which shake their Wings, in Sign of Obedience to the old ones. c. past participle = Cowering. (Cf. huddled adj.) rare. ΚΠ 1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xxii. 271 I left them cowered up in a small room. 2. transitive. To lower, bend down. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > posture > action or fact of bending > bend [verb (transitive)] > specific part of body clitchc1025 foldc1380 flexa1521 clutch1614 hingea1616 stoop1637 cock1698 cower1790 slouch1866 1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 179 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 563 But here my Muse her wing maun cour; Sic flights are far beyond her pow'r. 1821 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto III xxxii. 19 The patriarch of the flock all gently cowers His sober head. 1839 P. J. Bailey Festus 330 I have..Cowered my powers, and becalmed my course. Derivatives ˈcowering n. ΚΠ 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iii. 47 Cowering or crouching is so natural an expression of fear. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1300
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