abysmn.

Brit.

/əˈbɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/əˈbɪzəm/

Forms:

α. Middle English–1600s abime, Middle English–1600s abyme, 1500s abhyme.

β. Middle English–1600s abysme, Middle English–1600s abisme, 1500s–1600s abism, 1600s obism, 1700s– abysm.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abysme.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French abisme, abime, abysme (French abîme ) deep gulf, hell, marine depths (12th cent. in Old French) < classical Latin abyssus abyss n., probably reflecting an unattested post-classical Latin variant *abismus , of uncertain and disputed origin; perhaps < *abyssimus , by haplology < *abyssissimus , a superlative form; or perhaps showing alteration after words in -ismus -ism suffix. Compare Old Occitan abisme , Catalan abisme (13th cent.), Spanish abismo (13th cent.), Portuguese abismo (14th cent.). Compare abyss n. (and foreign-language forms cited at that entry), abysmus n.In early use the -s- was probably often silent in β. forms; compare the rhyme with time as late as quot. ?1614 at sense 2. The later loss of the α. forms and the dominance of both the spelling abysm and the pronunciation /əˈbɪz(ə)m/ probably reflects the influence of classical Latin abyssus abyss n.

a. = abyss n. 1c. Now archaic and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > as pit or abyss

hell pitOE

pitOE

abysmc1350

hell-holec1400

abyssc1460

bisme1483

pota1500

barathrum?1510

bottomless pit1526

limbo-lake1558

the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] > that which lies beneath

abysmc1350

abyssc1460

c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 68 By þe sterre þat fel from heuene ben bitokned þe fendes þat opened þe pytt off þe Abisme.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 214 Dryȝten wyth his dere dom hym [sc.the fiend] drof to þe abyme.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 963 (MED) Þe grete barrez of þe abyme he barst up at onez.

c1450 J. Lydgate Ballade Our Lady (Sloane) l. 136 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 260 Columpne and base up-beryng from abyme.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xi. sig. Dj I desire and wysshe that erste thabysme of thobscure erthe swolowe me.

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lviii Somtyme he punyssheth with infernall abhyme.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xviii. sig. Ciii The abysme [printed absyine] and swalowe of the earth.

1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints sig. F^v Brutish Ignorance, ycrept..Out of dredd darknes of the deep Abysme.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 149 When my good Starres..Haue empty left their Orbes, and shot their Fires Into th' Abisme of hell.

1663 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures (new ed.) xli. 162 The gluttonous Serpent that lived in the profound Obism of the house of smoak.

1857 C. Heavysege Saul v. iv. 305 Roll, roll away, thou stygian smoke, And let me into the abysm look.

1922 H. L'A. Fausset Keats ix. 83 The great poet has not truly realised himself until he can see heaven in the abysm of hell itself.

1947 J. V. Cunningham Judge Is Fury 31 There is no moral strife—None falls in the abysm.

†b. = abyss n. 1b Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > deep place or part > imaginary, under earth

abysmc1350

abyssa1398

c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 182 (MED) Þe ernand water stode; þe abimes [L. abyssi] ben gadered to-gidres a-middes þe see.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 363 Þen bolned þe abyme, and bonkez con ryse.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Destiny of Nations in Sibylline Leaves 286 Or if the Greenland Wizard in strange trance Pierces the untravelled realms of Ocean's bed..Over the abysm.

2. Any deep immeasurable space; a profound chasm or gulf. Also figurative. Cf. abyss n. 2, 3.In later usage frequently used with conscious allusion to quot. a1616.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > abyss

swallowa700

deepnessa1000

deep1393

abysmc1475

dungeonc1475

depth1523

gulfa1533

downfall1542

hell-kettle1577

abysmus1611

vorago1654

under-abyss1662

purgatory1766

fosse1805

jaw-hole1840

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [noun] > great or considerable depth > deep place, part, or thing

piteOE

bottomOE

swallowa1100

profundity?a1425

abysmc1475

bisme1483

gulfa1533

abyss1538

fathom1608

profound1640

a well of a1843

subterranean1912

the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > deep place or part

swallowa700

deepnessa1000

deepOE

swallowa1100

depth1382

gulfc1400

profound?a1425

abysm?1614

c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 219 (MED) The grete expenses that he dooth for our needys..is more like a verey abisme whereynne all synketh and wasteth.

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. cclxxxxi/1 His Jugemens be as a grete & a depe abysme.

?1614 W. Drummond Song: It Autumne was in Poems Feele such a case, as one whom some Abisme [in Wks. (1711) 13 printed Abime] Of the depth Ocean kept had all his Time.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 50 What seest thou els In the dark-backward and Abisme of Time?

1653 H. Cogan tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. 95 This river..is swallowed up in an abysme or overture of the earth.

1715 tr. Abp. Cambray Pastoral Let. 89 The Soul..is plunged and swallowed up in the Abysm of the Divinity.

1798 T. J. Mathias Odes ii. 13 Now the spirit's plastic might, Brooding..O'er the dusk abysm of night, Bids creation cease to sleep!

1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 71 And down some swart abysm he had gone, Had not a heavenly guide benignant led.

1873 D. Masson Drummond of Hawthornden xi. 223 He flung himself bodily into the abysm.

1931 W. S. Maugham Six Stories Written First Person 193 The first steps in his wonderful career..are lost in the dark abysm of time.

1948 J. T. Flexner J. S. Copley (rev. ed.) ix. 110 To the left was the abysm of purely social painting; to the right the chasm of imaginative imitations of Raphael.

2009 N. Baker Anthologist xiv. 208 He's saying what everybody has always said from the abysm of time.

Compounds

† abysm-birth n. Obsolete birth from the primal abyss.

ΚΠ

1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 106 The abysm-birth of elements.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

† abysmv.

Forms: 1600s abisme, 1700s abyme.

Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: abysm n., French abysmer.

Etymology: < abysm n., after French abîmer, †abysmer (13th cent. in Old French). Compare slightly earlier abyss v.

Obsolete. rare.

intransitive. To sink into or form an abyss, to engulf.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > into the earth or an abyss

divea1225

abysm1611

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Abysmer, to Abisme or ingulph.

c1702 Bk. Sc. Pasquils (1868) 408 Abym'd in deepest gulfs of blackest infamie.

Derivatives

abysming adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adjective] > very

groundlessc888

bottomlessc1400

profound?a1425

neal1574

soundlessc1595

insoundable1602

gulfy1607

unbottomed1615

depthless1619

unsoundable1629

chin-deep1634

fathomless1638

abysming1644

unfounded1648

abysmal1656

plumbless1665

unfathomablea1676

chasmy1793

fathom-deep1835

plummetlessc1861

chasmal1871

abyssal1903

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. Concl. 464 To ayme att the discouery of these abisming depths.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	abysm
释义	abysmn. Brit. /əˈbɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /əˈbɪzəm/ Forms: α. Middle English–1600s abime, Middle English–1600s abyme, 1500s abhyme. β. Middle English–1600s abysme, Middle English–1600s abisme, 1500s–1600s abism, 1600s obism, 1700s– abysm. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abysme. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French abisme, abime, abysme (French abîme ) deep gulf, hell, marine depths (12th cent. in Old French) < classical Latin abyssus abyss n., probably reflecting an unattested post-classical Latin variant abismus , of uncertain and disputed origin; perhaps < abyssimus , by haplology < abyssissimus , a superlative form; or perhaps showing alteration after words in -ismus* -ism suffix. Compare Old Occitan abisme , Catalan abisme (13th cent.), Spanish abismo (13th cent.), Portuguese abismo (14th cent.). Compare abyss n. (and foreign-language forms cited at that entry), abysmus n.In early use the -s- was probably often silent in β. forms; compare the rhyme with time as late as quot. ?1614 at sense 2. The later loss of the α. forms and the dominance of both the spelling abysm and the pronunciation /əˈbɪz(ə)m/ probably reflects the influence of classical Latin abyssus abyss n. 1. a. = abyss n. 1c. Now archaic and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > hell > [noun] > as pit or abyss hell pitOE pitOE abysmc1350 hell-holec1400 abyssc1460 bisme1483 pota1500 barathrum?1510 bottomless pit1526 limbo-lake1558 the world > the universe > planet > primary planet > earth > [noun] > that which lies beneath abysmc1350 abyssc1460 c1350 Apocalypse St. John: A Version (Harl. 874) (1961) 68 By þe sterre þat fel from heuene ben bitokned þe fendes þat opened þe pytt off þe Abisme. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 214 Dryȝten wyth his dere dom hym [sc.the fiend] drof to þe abyme. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 963 (MED) Þe grete barrez of þe abyme he barst up at onez. c1450 J. Lydgate Ballade Our Lady (Sloane) l. 136 in Minor Poems (1911) i. 260 Columpne and base up-beryng from abyme. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xi. sig. Dj I desire and wysshe that erste thabysme of thobscure erthe swolowe me. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lviii Somtyme he punyssheth with infernall abhyme. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) xviii. sig. Ciii The abysme [printed absyine] and swalowe of the earth. 1591 E. Spenser Teares of Muses in Complaints sig. F^v Brutish Ignorance, ycrept..Out of dredd darknes of the deep Abysme. a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iii. xiii. 149 When my good Starres..Haue empty left their Orbes, and shot their Fires Into th' Abisme of hell. View more context for this quotation 1663 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures (new ed.) xli. 162 The gluttonous Serpent that lived in the profound Obism of the house of smoak. 1857 C. Heavysege Saul v. iv. 305 Roll, roll away, thou stygian smoke, And let me into the abysm look. 1922 H. L'A. Fausset Keats ix. 83 The great poet has not truly realised himself until he can see heaven in the abysm of hell itself. 1947 J. V. Cunningham Judge Is Fury 31 There is no moral strife—None falls in the abysm. †b. = abyss n. 1b Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > deep place or part > imaginary, under earth abysmc1350 abyssa1398 c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 182 (MED) Þe ernand water stode; þe abimes [L. abyssi] ben gadered to-gidres a-middes þe see. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 363 Þen bolned þe abyme, and bonkez con ryse. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Destiny of Nations in Sibylline Leaves 286 Or if the Greenland Wizard in strange trance Pierces the untravelled realms of Ocean's bed..Over the abysm. 2. Any deep immeasurable space; a profound chasm or gulf. Also figurative. Cf. abyss n. 2, 3.In later usage frequently used with conscious allusion to quot. a1616. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun] > abyss swallowa700 deepnessa1000 deep1393 abysmc1475 dungeonc1475 depth1523 gulfa1533 downfall1542 hell-kettle1577 abysmus1611 vorago1654 under-abyss1662 purgatory1766 fosse1805 jaw-hole1840 the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [noun] > great or considerable depth > deep place, part, or thing piteOE bottomOE swallowa1100 profundity?a1425 abysmc1475 bisme1483 gulfa1533 abyss1538 fathom1608 profound1640 a well of a1843 subterranean1912 the world > the earth > water > body of water > [noun] > deep place or part swallowa700 deepnessa1000 deepOE swallowa1100 depth1382 gulfc1400 profound?a1425 abysm?1614 c1475 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 219 (MED) The grete expenses that he dooth for our needys..is more like a verey abisme whereynne all synketh and wasteth. a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) ii. f. cclxxxxi/1 His Jugemens be as a grete & a depe abysme. ?1614 W. Drummond Song: It Autumne was in Poems Feele such a case, as one whom some Abisme [in Wks. (1711) 13 printed Abime] Of the depth Ocean kept had all his Time. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. ii. 50 What seest thou els In the dark-backward and Abisme of Time? 1653 H. Cogan tr. Diodorus Siculus Hist. 95 This river..is swallowed up in an abysme or overture of the earth. 1715 tr. Abp. Cambray Pastoral Let. 89 The Soul..is plunged and swallowed up in the Abysm of the Divinity. 1798 T. J. Mathias Odes ii. 13 Now the spirit's plastic might, Brooding..O'er the dusk abysm of night, Bids creation cease to sleep! 1818 J. Keats Endymion ii. 71 And down some swart abysm he had gone, Had not a heavenly guide benignant led. 1873 D. Masson Drummond of Hawthornden xi. 223 He flung himself bodily into the abysm. 1931 W. S. Maugham Six Stories Written First Person 193 The first steps in his wonderful career..are lost in the dark abysm of time. 1948 J. T. Flexner J. S. Copley (rev. ed.) ix. 110 To the left was the abysm of purely social painting; to the right the chasm of imaginative imitations of Raphael. 2009 N. Baker Anthologist xiv. 208 He's saying what everybody has always said from the abysm of time. Compounds † abysm-birth n. Obsolete birth from the primal abyss. ΚΠ 1818 J. Keats Endymion iii. 106 The abysm-birth of elements. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † abysmv. Forms: 1600s abisme, 1700s abyme. Origin: A borrowing from French, combined with an English element; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: abysm n., French abysmer. Etymology: < abysm n., after French abîmer, †abysmer (13th cent. in Old French). Compare slightly earlier abyss v. Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To sink into or form an abyss, to engulf. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > move downwards [verb (intransitive)] > into the earth or an abyss divea1225 abysm1611 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Abysmer, to Abisme or ingulph. c1702 Bk. Sc. Pasquils (1868) 408 Abym'd in deepest gulfs of blackest infamie. Derivatives abysming adj. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [adjective] > very groundlessc888 bottomlessc1400 profound?a1425 neal1574 soundlessc1595 insoundable1602 gulfy1607 unbottomed1615 depthless1619 unsoundable1629 chin-deep1634 fathomless1638 abysming1644 unfounded1648 abysmal1656 plumbless1665 unfathomablea1676 chasmy1793 fathom-deep1835 plummetlessc1861 chasmal1871 abyssal1903 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. Concl. 464 To ayme att the discouery of these abisming depths. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c1350v.1611
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