cranialadj.

Brit.

/ˈkreɪnɪəl/, U.S.

/ˈkreɪniəl/

Etymology: < medieval or modern Latin crānium ( < Greek κρᾱνίον) skull + -al suffix¹.

Pertaining to the cranium or skull; strictly, pertaining to the cranium proper or brain-case, as in cranial bones. cranial index [index n. 10b] , the ratio of the width of the skull to its length (now usually expressed as a percentage). cranial nerves: the great nerve-trunks arising from the brain and passing through openings in the cranium; = cerebral adj. nerves.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > top of skull

cranial1800

calvarial1866

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > skull measurement > [noun]

cephalic index1866

index1866

cranial index1868

orbital index1877

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 138 Imperfection of the cranial bones was similar to the case before related.

1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 21 The second or optic nerve, the largest of the cranial nerves, except the fifth.

1864 Reader 5 Mar. The cranial capacity of the largest chimpanzee measured is 27½ cubic inches, that of the smallest man being 55.

1868 Anthropol. Rev. 6 391 A Dalecarlian has ·75, and an ‘old Norseman’ from Lough Larne C. Antrim ·73 as the cranial index.

1901 N. C. Macnamara Hunterian Oration Royal Coll. Surg. 15 When the cranial index rises above 80, the head is called brachycephalic, a broad head; when it falls below 75 the term..long head is applied to it.

1901 N. C. Macnamara Hunterian Oration Royal Coll. Surg. 15 Assuming the length of the cranium to be 100, the width is expressed as a fraction of it, and is known in the living subject as being the cephalic, and in the bare skull as the cranial index.

1908 A. Wilson Educ., Personality & Crime xv. 125 The Cranial Index is found by multiplying the width of the skull by 100, and dividing by the length.

1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Priests & Kings vi. 122 One skull..is somewhat broad-headed, having a cranial index of 80·9.

1969 A. H. Schultz Life of Primates xiii. 211 The breadth of the brain, expressed as a percentage of its length, which is the widely discussed ‘cranial index’ of anthropologists, varies individually in a large series of fully grown orang-utans.

Derivatives

ˈcranially adv. in regard to the cranium.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adverb] > top of skull

cranially1866

1866 T. H. Huxley in S. Laing Pre-hist. Remains Caithness 132 Two sections of mankind may be very similar cranially, and yet very different in other respects.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cranial
释义	cranialadj. Brit. /ˈkreɪnɪəl/, U.S. /ˈkreɪniəl/ Etymology: < medieval or modern Latin crānium ( < Greek κρᾱνίον) skull + -al suffix¹. Pertaining to the cranium or skull; strictly, pertaining to the cranium proper or brain-case, as in cranial bones. cranial index [index n. 10b] , the ratio of the width of the skull to its length (now usually expressed as a percentage). cranial nerves: the great nerve-trunks arising from the brain and passing through openings in the cranium; = cerebral adj. nerves. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > top of skull cranial1800 calvarial1866 the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > skull measurement > [noun] cephalic index1866 index1866 cranial index1868 orbital index1877 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 138 Imperfection of the cranial bones was similar to the case before related. 1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 21 The second or optic nerve, the largest of the cranial nerves, except the fifth. 1864 Reader 5 Mar. The cranial capacity of the largest chimpanzee measured is 27½ cubic inches, that of the smallest man being 55. 1868 Anthropol. Rev. 6 391 A Dalecarlian has ·75, and an ‘old Norseman’ from Lough Larne C. Antrim ·73 as the cranial index. 1901 N. C. Macnamara Hunterian Oration Royal Coll. Surg. 15 When the cranial index rises above 80, the head is called brachycephalic, a broad head; when it falls below 75 the term..long head is applied to it. 1901 N. C. Macnamara Hunterian Oration Royal Coll. Surg. 15 Assuming the length of the cranium to be 100, the width is expressed as a fraction of it, and is known in the living subject as being the cephalic, and in the bare skull as the cranial index. 1908 A. Wilson Educ., Personality & Crime xv. 125 The Cranial Index is found by multiplying the width of the skull by 100, and dividing by the length. 1927 H. Peake & H. J. Fleure Priests & Kings vi. 122 One skull..is somewhat broad-headed, having a cranial index of 80·9. 1969 A. H. Schultz Life of Primates xiii. 211 The breadth of the brain, expressed as a percentage of its length, which is the widely discussed ‘cranial index’ of anthropologists, varies individually in a large series of fully grown orang-utans. Derivatives ˈcranially adv. in regard to the cranium. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adverb] > top of skull cranially1866 1866 T. H. Huxley in S. Laing Pre-hist. Remains Caithness 132 Two sections of mankind may be very similar cranially, and yet very different in other respects. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1800
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