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单词 course
释义

coursen.1adv.1

Brit. /kɔːs/, U.S. /kɔrs/
Forms: Middle English corps, Middle English cors, Middle English corsee, Middle English coruse (transmission error), Middle English cource, Middle English coures, Middle English coursee, Middle English coursse, Middle English cowrs, Middle English cowrsse, Middle English cowurs, Middle English curs, Middle English curse, Middle English kours, Middle English kowrs, Middle English–1500s coorse, Middle English–1500s cowrse, Middle English–1600s cours, Middle English–1700s corse, Middle English– course, 1600s coarse; Scottish pre-1700 cors, pre-1700 cource, pre-1700 cours, pre-1700 coursse, pre-1700 covrs, pre-1700 cowrs, pre-1700 cowrse, pre-1700 cowrsse, pre-1700 1700s– course.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French cours; French course; Latin cursus.
Etymology: Partly < (i) Anglo-Norman cors, curs, Middle French, French cours (masculine) action of running (c1100 in Old French), voyage, journey, direction in which a vessel is being steered, flux (all early 12th cent.), orbit of a celestial object (12th cent.), flow of time (late 12th cent.), path of action (late 12th cent.), watercourse, flow of a watercourse, lifespan (all a1200), race (beginning of the 13th cent.), custom, process (both beginning of the 13th cent.), duration (early 13th cent.), dish, or set of dishes served together, forming one of the successive parts of a meal (c1250), position, situation (1268), series of lectures (1331), rate of exchange of currency (1346 or earlier), circulation of currency or merchandise (late 14th cent.), in Anglo-Norman also legal procedure (end of the 13th cent.), issuing of writs (1310 or earlier), hunt (late 14th cent. or earlier), assault, attack (c1400 or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin cursus (u -stem) action of running, race, movement, flow, rapidity, speed, journey, voyage, path taken or to be followed, orbit of a celestial object, direction, method of proceeding, progress, passage through life, career, series, succession, in post-classical Latin also daily liturgical prayers (6th cent.; from 8th cent. in British sources), watercourse (8th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), raid (9th cent.; 15th cent. in a British source), (of coin) currency (11th cent.; from 14th cent. in British sources), standard procedure (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources), chase, hunt (from 12th cent. in British sources), charge in battle (12th cent.; 13th cent. in a British source), layer of stones or bricks (13th cent. in British sources), dish, or set of dishes served together, forming one of the successive parts of a meal (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), recurring obligation, turn (frequently from 13th cent. in British sources), charge in a jousting tournament (14th cent. in a British source; compare sense A. 4), attack in bull-baiting (14th cent. in a British source; compare sense A. 25), series of lectures (14th cent. in a British source) < currere to run (see current adj.); and partly < (iii) Anglo-Norman and Middle French course (feminine) action of running, military expedition (both early 13th cent. in Old French), competition (1538), progress of an action (1553), continuous progression or path of an object, naval expedition (both 1568), by-form of cours (masculine), perhaps influenced by Italian corsa (14th cent.).Compare Old Occitan cors , Catalan curs (14th cent.), Spanish curso (early 13th cent. as corso ), Portuguese curso (13th cent.), Italian corso (mid 13th cent.), and also Old Occitan corsa , Italian corsa (14th cent.). The Latin noun was also borrowed into other Germanic languages; compare Middle Low German kors , kōrs , kurs direction in which a vessel is being steered, Middle Dutch koers (Dutch koers ), Old High German curs daily liturgical prayers (Middle High German curs , German Kurs , also in other senses, e.g. ‘series of lectures’, ‘rate of exchange of a currency’, later reborrowed multiple times, e.g. from French and Italian). Form history. In Middle English and early modern English sometimes with unchanged plural form, as shown also by Anglo-Norman cors , curs , Middle French, French cours . Specific forms. In form corps a reverse spelling, influenced by corpse n.; compare discussion at course n.2 Specific senses. With sense A. 10b compare French cours (1616 in this sense) and its model Italian corso avenue (early 14th cent. in this sense); the Italian-born queen of France, Marie de Médicis, had an avenue laid out in Paris, starting at the Place de la Concorde, which came to be called Cours la Reine.
A. n.1
I. The action or an act of running or of moving onward, and related senses.
1.
a. The movement of the sun, moon, planets, etc., along a path or orbit; an orbital motion or revolution performed by a celestial object or sphere.In some instances there is some overlap with sense A. 11.
Π
c1300 (c1280) Southern Passion (Harl. 2277) (1927) l. 1738b (MED) Oure louerd..Ordeyne..wolde al his dede bi cours of sonne & mone.
c1300 St. Michael (Laud) l. 406 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 311 Þe heouene geth ene a-boute þoruȝ daiȝe and þoruȝ nyȝt..Heo makez euene þus hire cours and comez a-boute wel sone.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 288 (MED) His aristable he took out sone. Þe cours he tolde of sonne and mone; Þe cours of þe planetes seuene He tolde.
c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 35 (MED) In whech planetes cours and turnyng..is ful grete melodye.
a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) ii. xi. §4. 317 These..courses, and recourses of the Starres.
1718 N. Rowe tr. Lucan Pharsalia 128 The Moon her monthly Course had now begun.
1827 J. Farrar Elem. Treat. Astron. 87 The sun continues its course in the same direction.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 54/1 The earth..performs its yearly course about the sun.
2009 L. Harmer Shamanic Astrology i. 11 As the sun continues its course across the sky, we relive this energy cycle every twenty-four hours.
b. Onward movement or travel, esp. in a particular path or direction. Usually with possessive pronoun.In some instances there is some overlap with sense A. 11.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun]
runeeOE
coursec1290
draughta1325
careerc1534
addression1602
tendence1644
tendency1654
ducturea1674
traduction1675
headinga1855
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 3709 I sih a barli cake, Which fro the Hull..cam rollende doun..Forth in his cours.
a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 1385 For swyfter cours cometh þyng þat is of wighte, whan it descendeth þan don þynges lyghte.
1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya 47 The worthie Captayne..although hys Mast was sprong..continued hys course towardes the Northweast.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lxiv. 256 We continued our course with our Oars and Sails for seven whole days together.
1733 A. Pope Ess. Man (rev. ed.) i. 62 When the proud Steed shall know, why Man restrains His fiery course.
1759 S. Johnson Prince of Abissinia II. xxxvii. 75 They slackened their course.
1882 H. C. Hollway-Calthrop Paladin & Saracen iii. 21 Here he checked his course, and descended in wide circles to the earth.
1984 W. Gaylin Rage Within i. 14 The boy crossing the street became aware that his challenge was being met in a different way this time, and rose to that challenge by slowing his course.
2000 H. McIlwraith Shahnaz viii. 102 As she watched, it slowed its course until it was completely still, hovering in mid-air a few yards above her head.
†2. Swift or violent motion; force or energy of movement. Chiefly in with (a) great (also strong) course. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > [noun] > force of movement
coursec1330
swough1338
swayc1374
birra1382
feezec1405
impetc1440
radeur1477
ravina1500
sweight1513
bensela1522
swinge1583
impetus1656
motive power1702
impulse1715
momentum1740
impulsion1795
send1890
c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 1076 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 37 On and oþur a non up lep To þe sonne bem with cours gret.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 5147 On our folk dasseand come Wiþ strong cours and gret hete.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 4442 A pece with a grete cours at ons felle doun alle.
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 151 Þas riuers commez with so grete a course and so grete a birre.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 151 Troiell..Kayres euyn to the kyng..With all the corse of his caple & a kene speire.
†3.
a. A race on foot or on horseback. Obsolete (archaic in later use).In later use passing into senses A. 7a, A. 10a(a).See also bell-course n. at bell n.1 Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun]
course1490
race1513
coursing1569
brush1841
c1350 Gregorius (Cleo.) (1914) l. 485 Acours he toke with o felawe [c1390 Vernon A cours he tok wiþ his felawe] Gregorie þe swiftere was.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vii. 169 To morowe shall be the courses of the horses.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) 1 Cor. ix. 24 They which runne in a course runne all, yet butt one receaveth the rewarde.
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 102 I runne as Hippomanes did with Atlanta, who was last in the course, but first at the crowne.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 105 O're th' Elean Plains, thy well-breath'd Horse Sustains the goring Spurs, and wins the Course.
1794 W. Beaumont tr. J.-J. Barthélemy Trav. Anacharsis (ed. 2) III. 416 The name of the person who had gained the prize in the course of the stadium was inscribed..in the public register of the Eleans.
1821 Sat. Evening Post 20 Oct. 3/3 The first day's course, four mile heats for $500, was contended by Mr. Van Ranst's mare from Maryland, Lady Lightfoot, [etc.]
b. Esp. of an animal: the action or an act of running. Also: a period of riding on horseback, esp. at a gallop. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > going swiftly on foot > [noun] > running > a spell or act of
coursec1300
rena1325
racea1400
rinka1522
run1638
scour1820
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > [noun] > a ride or spell of riding or excursion > at a gallop
coursec1515
gallop1596
wallop1896
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxvi. 1168 Sche [sc. þe bicche] dureþ lasse in cours and in rennynge [L. in cursu minus durat].
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xliii. 146 Huon..made a course to asay his horse.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 69 They are most swift in course, and wil runne a race as fast as any horse.
1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 11 No man could lay hand vpon an Ostrich..For she runs away flying vsing her feet for course, & lifting vp her selfe with her wings.
1700 S. Patrick Paraphr. Song of Solomon viii. in Paraphr. Ecclesiastes & Song of Solomon 144 The Word berach..denotes here most vehement and restless endeavours, in a speedy course: like that of a Roe Buck, or wild Goat rather; whose agility, both in running and jumping is celebrated by all Authors.
4. A charge on horseback towards an opponent, performed by combatants in battle or in a jousting tournament. historical after the early 17th century. See also to outride one's course at outride v. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > armed encounter > [noun]
fightc893
coursec1325
stourc1325
acounterc1330
meetingc1330
setc1330
showera1375
brusha1400
semblya1400
hosting1422
poynyec1425
conflictc1440
militancea1460
grate1460
rencounter1471
chaplea1500
flitea1513
concourse?1520
concursion1533
rescounter1543
spurnc1560
rencontrea1572
discourse1573
action1579
combat1582
opposition1598
do1915
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > [noun] > joust or tournament > encounter
coursec1325
enpraynt1490
shock1565
jostling1580
career1591
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 473 In armes y wil me diȝte..& bere to þe a spere, with anoþer ryd þou to me wyþ a cors of werre.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) 454 What knyght was he that rode best cours?
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxvii. 511 And at foure cours thei haue hem perced thourgh.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 292 Eyther of them set hys speare in the rest to have runne the first course.
1588 Ld. Burghley Copie Let. to B. Mendoza 25 The Earle himselfe..horsed and armed, did run very many Courses, & specially..(as they cal it) the Course of the field, which I had neuer seene before.
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 334 There was tilting, course of field, and many such braue exercises.
1808 W. Scott Marmion iv. xxi. 208 We ran our course,—my charger fell;—What could he 'gainst the shock of hell?
a1848 S. R. Meyrick in J. Skelton Engraved Illustr. Antient Arms & Armour (1854) I. Pref. p. iv. (note) Grand-guards à la mentonière of wood are screwed on the breast-plates by nuts, and retain the indentations received in the course.
2010 N. Fallows Jousting in Medieval & Renaissance Iberia iv. 202 King Henry VIII of England staged a joust on 12 February 1511 in which each knight was required to ride six courses.
†5. Of a fluid, current, etc.: the action or an act of running or flowing, esp. swiftly or copiously. Obsolete.In later use passing into senses A. 12a, A. 12b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > [noun] > movement of flow
coursec1400
gurgitation1864
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 7 Þis ilond..is often i-bete wiþ dyuers cours of wateres and stremes and wiþ wawes of þe see.
c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine l. 1426 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 86 (MED) Of whos mouþ out þer ran So grete cours of watres þan, Þat hit semed..Þat hit fulde þe chirche.
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 228 Whanne þe cours of þe mater ceessiþ.
1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII c. 6 Many other common waies..be so depe and noyous, by wearyng and course of water.
?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Gj, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens The euacuacyon of the cours of to moche blode.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 302 At the Suns approach [the snow] thaws, and by its violent course or flux of Water causes those inundations [of the Nile].
1798 S. H. Wilcocke tr. J. S. Stavorinus Voy. E.-Indies I. 105 The water was very thick and muddy, occasioned by the rapid course of the river, the afflux of which was now at the highest.
1912 P. G. Stiles Nutritional Physiol. xiii. 126 The tangled swamp in which a stream loses itself, breaking into many sluggish arms, from which at last the waters converge to resume a rapid course over a narrow bed.
†6. Chiefly figurative. Opportunity or ability to move, flow, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > [noun] > faculty or opportunity of
coursec1400
locomotive faculty1612
locomotive power1640
locomotive1649
locomotivity1752
mobility1777
locomobility1785
travel1816
locomotility1828
motiveness1828
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 13 Þat humouris mown not have her cours to renne to þe wounde.
c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 80 The religioun now estableist to have course, and to be reverencit be all men.
1611 Bible (King James) 2 Thess. iii. 1 Pray for vs, that the word of the Lord may haue free course . View more context for this quotation
1863 W. Phillips Speeches viii. 222 We have got free course for ideas.
7.
a. A chase or pursuit of game (esp. hares) by hounds (esp. greyhounds or other sight hounds); the action or practice of coursing, or pursuing game with hounds, esp. for sport. Also: a contest or race between dogs (in pursuit of a hare, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > [noun] > coursing
coursec1405
the leash1526
coursinga1552
jelly-dogging1889
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 836 This duc wol han a cours at hym or tweye With houndes.
?a1500 Hunting of Hare in H. Weber Metrical Romances (1810) III. 180 Yf ye have ony grehowndes hom with yow to bryng, A cours ther schall ye have.
a1535 J. Fisher Spirituall Consol. (?1578) sig. Bviiv To see a corse at a Hare.
a1640 P. Massinger Guardian i. i. 311 in 3 New Playes (1655) No game shall But we'll be ready for't; if a Hare, my Greyhounds Shall make a course.
1735 Sportsman's Dict. I. at Coursing The course of the deer in the forest or purlieu.
1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 230 There are several Courses with Greyhounds, namely, at the Deer, Hare, and Fox.
1818 ‘W. H. Scott’ Brit. Field Sports 353 Many instances have occurred of real racing Courses of the Hare by Greyhounds in an open country.
1891 Field 7 Mch. 347/2 Johnny Moor practically ran a single-handed course, as Brave Briton was unable to raise a gallop.
1979 Irish Times 6 Feb. 4 The money goes on the two greyhounds which contest each course and the hare is merely the bait to make them give of their best.
2008 S. Bronner Killing Trad. iii. 182 It is possible for the hare to outrun the greyhounds.., at which point the course is over.
†b. A hare or other animal coursed by hounds. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animals hunted > [noun]
preya1250
wildc1275
felon1297
wild beastc1325
gamec1330
venison1338
venerya1375
chase1393
waitha1400
quarryc1500
gibier1514
wild meat1529
hunt-beast1535
beasts of warren1539
outlaw1599
course1607
big game1773
head1795
meat1851
the world > food and drink > hunting > thing hunted or game > [noun]
preya1250
gamec1330
chase1393
waitha1400
purchasea1450
small gamec1474
quarryc1500
gibier1514
meat1529
hunt-beast1535
hunt1588
course1607
felon1735
ground-game1872
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 148 Keepe them [sc. greyhounds] also in the leame or slip..vntill they see their course, I meane the Hare or Deere.
1704 Dict. Rusticum at Greyhound They [sc. greyhounds] must also be kept in a slip whilst they are abroad, until they can see their Course.
†8. The passage or circulation of currency. Chiefly in to have course: to be in general use, esp. (of money) to be in circulation, to serve as a general medium of exchange. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > circulation of money > [noun]
course1457
gang1488
walking1549
current1586
currence1651
currency1699
emission1729
running1788
mobilization1801
monetarization1967
1458 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1458/3/19 Thir mesuris, pynt and ferlot, haif course and nane uthir.
1504 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VII (Electronic ed.) Parl. Jan. 1504 §12. m. 13 Almaner of pens..havyng the prynt of the kynges coyne shall have cours and be curraunt for payment.
1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 19 §14 Those penyes to be taken & have course oonlye for halpens.
1677 Proclam. appointing Forraigne Gold & Silver to be Current (single sheet) The particular species of Forraign Coyn, above and after mentioned, shal have course within this Kingdom at the rates following.
1756 R. Rolt New Dict. Trade at Coin Money being any matter, as metal, wood, leather, glass, horn, paper, fruits, shells, or kernels, which have course as a medium of commerce.
†9. A raid or incursion. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > attack > raid > [noun]
roadeOE
skeck1297
chevacheec1380
forayc1400
reisea1450
raid1455
bodrag1537
skeg1542
reid1544
inroad1548
outroad1560
excursion1577
excurse1587
bodraging1590
cavalcade1591
chevachance1592
chivancy1616
algaradea1649
course1651
outrakea1765
commando1791
razzia1821
muru1836
chappow1860
night raid1872
1619 T. Milles tr. P. Mexia et al. Αρχαιο-πλουτος vi. v. 566/2 Bacchides made no account to pursue them; but fortefied some Townes, and planted strong Garisons in them, daily to torment the Iewes by sallies & courses.
1651 tr. F. de Quintana Hist. Don Fenise 167 The Moores..make sallies and courses upon the Christian countries.
1678 A. Lovell tr. La Fontaine Mil. Duties Cavalry 62 Not daring to make courses and inrodes to waste and pillage it.
II. A path or direction of motion; a track or route intended for travel, racing, etc.
10.
a.
(a) A piece of ground, track, or stretch of water used for racing; a racecourse or racetrack. In later use also: a prepared or prescribed route for competitors in a sporting contest.See also down the course at down prep. Phrases 3, horses for courses at horse n. 26d, to last the course at last v.1 Phrases 1, to stay the course at stay v.1 17b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > course or track
coursec1320
race1612
piste1696
route1771
track1836
path1883
athletics track1952
parcours1971
c1330 (?c1300) Bevis of Hampton (Auch.) l. 3516 Þe kours was seue mile long.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Siii/1 A Course, cursus..stadium.
1662 in Notes & Queries (1888) 1 Dec. 421/2 Every man may put in his horse, mare, or gelding at his pleasure, 'tis the Liberty of the Subject, and so his that sets up the Course.
1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad VI. xxiii. 328 Prizes to reward the Force Of rapid Racers in the dusty Course.
1766 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. i. 2 The same horse has also run the round course at Newmarket..in six minutes and forty seconds.
1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 29 880/1 The finest racehorse..is never seen to less advantage than when walking over the course.
1879 Nation 3 July 2/2 The Harvard-Yale University eight-oared boat-race was rowed last Friday on the course at New London.
1912 Anaconda (Montana) Standard 25 Aug. (Sporting section) 1/1 On account of the intense heat, it was agreed upon to have four food stations along the course so that the runners could get water, sandwiches and whatever else they might need.
1934 Autocar 1 June 935/1 Gillow has several times skidded round at the back of the course, and now officials show him a black flag.
1996 Breeder's Cup Racing Form Closer Look 26 Oct. bc15/2 Exciting stretch runner should have plenty of speed to chase on a turf course that favors off-the-pace runners at route distances.
2001 Outside Oct. 38/1 To watch the adventure race—an 81-mile course that includes mountaineering, hiking, biking,..[etc.]—I station myself below the Tyrolean traverse.
2020 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 17 Aug. b1/1 The 24-year-old Elliott..won on road courses at Charlotte and at Watkins Glen last year.
(b) A series of fences, obstacles, etc., negotiated in a race, competition, or exercise; these and the ground on which they are situated (passing into sense A. 10a(a)).In earliest use with modifying word.See also obstacle course n. at obstacle n. and adj. Compounds.
Π
1839 Sporting Mag. Apr. 473 The race-course and training-ground were called in requisition to form part of the Steeple-chase course.
1856 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports 380/1 At first, when the fences were really such as only a perfect hunter could get over, none but such horses were of any use; and if these courses had continued to be fixed upon, no doubt some little encouragement might have been afforded to the breeder to produce strong yet active horses.
1898 A. E. T. Watson Turf x. 199 The Committee..decreed that courses should consist of so many fences of given dimensions.
1946 M. C. Self Horseman's Encycl. 250 The course is set up with a variety of jumps placed around the hall or ring.
1989 Derbyshire Times 8 Sept. 50/5 The dog show..has classes for pedigree and non pedigree dogs as well as obedience classes and dog agility course.
2007 Horse & Rider Oct. 21/1 Sarah walked the course with Louise and Katie, which included two doubles, a scary-looking upright with shaped blue planks, [etc.].
b. A fashionable place for horse riding or carriage driving. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > outing or excursion > [noun] > place for outing or excursion
course1646
outleap1647
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. viii. 408 He being..often observ'd in the Cours at Paris in a very rich Coach, drawn by six dapple-Gray Spanish Horses.]
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1646 (1955) II. 503 Rich Coaches..full of Noblesse, who every night frequent the Course.
1767 ‘Coriat Junior’ Another Traveller! I. 292 The agreeable promenades, the fashionable course—those are the charms of Brussels!
1819 E. Rigby tr. J. F. L. de Chateauvieux Italy xxiii. 346 I have seen some mean small cities, where thirty wretched carriages were figuring on the corse, drawn by the most ordinary horses.
1828 A. Abbot Let. Mar. in Lett. written Interior Cuba (1829) 116 No hired carriage is admitted to pass round in this gay and fashionable course.
1967 Akashvani 9 July 6/2 In the early days the Calcutta Course was the scene of much jollity and bonhommie.
c. An area of land used for playing golf; a golf course.See also par for the course at par n.1 4b.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > golf > golf course > [noun]
links1728
golf-course1890
golf-links1891
course1893
golf-green1894
1807 J. Hall Trav. in Scotl. I. 124 Many of the golfers are content with a shorter course.
1893 J. Thomson Golfing Poems & Songs 10 Some think our course is easy, wi' hazards nane ava'.
1948 H. Cotton This Game of Golf iv. xxxix. 202/1 There was no rough on the courses I saw in the South and West on my 1947 trip.
1982 Times 16 Apr. 16/6 El Kantaoui..is a genuine grass course.
2014 Today's Golfer Mar. 109/3 The Algarve's first and largest resort has..two outstanding 18-hole courses.
11. The path or line along which a person or thing moves or travels; the route or direction in which a person intends to travel. Usually with possessive pronoun.See also collision course n. at collision n. Compounds 2, to hold on one's course at hold v. 24.In some instances there may be overlap with sense A. 1b.
ΘΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > course or direction of movement
runeeOE
runningOE
pathOE
wayOE
tracea1300
coursec1380
coursec1380
racec1390
recourse?c1425
situation1517
journey?a1560
track1565
roadway1600
career?1614
direction1665
by-run1674
sensea1679
meith1726
heading1841
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > [noun]
lodeOE
wayOE
gatea1300
tracea1300
raik?c1350
coursec1380
coursec1380
racec1390
line1426
fairwayc1440
tradec1480
voye1541
tract1555
track1565
career?1614
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 3152 Othere toke þat cors an haste & to þe tour ȝeate þar-wiþ buþ wente.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 599 His cours he nam with Seil updrawe.
c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §13. 25 The heiest cours þat any sterre fix clymbith by nyht.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxviiiv Thesaid erle..made his course thether.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) i. i. 117 Homeward did they bend their course . View more context for this quotation
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 130 That a Ship..when the Wind blows, be mov'd in such a way or course to that or t'other place.
1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. viii. 152 A Sail, which he had a mind to make, being not much out of his Course.
1778 Remembrancer 6 13/1 Three men were seen on the ice bending their course townward.
1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy I. xiii. 215 He therefore directed his course to the convoy.
1874 W. H. L. Ranken Dominion Austral. vi. 111 Their gallop is directed into a circular course by the men surrounding them.
1970 D. Dwiggins On Silent Wings ii. 27 I proceeded against the wind... I was able to direct my course at will.
2010 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 18 Mar. a18/2 Nor do police departments recommend..using their vehicles for ‘pit maneuvers’, whereby a patrolman taps a speeding car to change its course or spin it.
12.
a. The line or route along which a river flows. In later use also: the line or route of a road.
Π
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 29 Þat ryuer eueriche monþe chaungeþ his foordes... Whan þe water so chaungeþ his cours, it bodeþ suche happes.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 8488 Þar þe stremis held þair cours.
1594 R. Crompton L'Authoritie & Iurisdict. des Courts f. 203v Purpresture may be called when..turning comon waters from the right course.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. vii. 38 Nor let my kingdomes Riuers take their course Through my burn'd bosome. View more context for this quotation
1747 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 107 That the said Road shall be Resurveyed and laid out according to the Courses it now runs.
1757 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. II. 184 On the left-hand of the road..the ancient course of the Adige..is still to be seen.
1866 tr. P. Guéranger's Life St. Cecilia iv. 51 Gladly would we have followed the course of the Appian to the village Tres Tabernae.
1867 O. W. Holmes Guardian Angel I. 125 So she glided..slowly down the course of the winding river.
1985 R. Holmes Footsteps iv. iv. 231 He followed the course of the Rhine northwards.
2006 K. Axenov et al. Transformation of Urban Space in Post-Soviet Russia 123 The straighter the course of the highway from the centre to the outskirts of the city, the more important it is.
b. A natural or artificial channel in which water flows; a watercourse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > watercourse or channel
runeOE
sitchOE
pipeOE
sichetc1133
guttera1300
siket1300
sikec1330
watergate1368
gole?a1400
gotea1400
flout14..
aa1430
trough1513
guta1552
race1570
lode1572
canala1576
ditch1589
trink1592
leam1601
dike1616
runlet1630
stell1651
nullah1656
course1665
drain1700
lade1706
droke1772
regimen1797
draught1807
adit1808
sluit1818
thalweg1831
runway1874
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 562 (MED) The flod which men Nil calleth Departeth fro his cours and falleth Into the See Alexandrine.
?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) v. met. i. l. 4375 Þe same ryueres tigris and eufrates..yif þei comen to-gidre..in to o cours.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 164 Pure water, which first glides..through a stone course or channel six foot deep and as many broad.
1737 B. Franklin Causes Earthquakes in Pennsylvania Gaz. 8–15 Dec. 1/1 The subterraneous Waters..cutting out new Courses.
1885 Auk 2 328 It cuts its way through a deep course, with extremely picturesque walls of rock.
1913 Indian Jrnl. Med. Res. 1 696 There is a tendency for the river to form a subsidiary deep course during floods.
2001 B. Gumprecht Los Angeles River (Paperback ed.) i. 18 Near Compton..two sets of hills formed by this ridge confined the river to a more narrow course.
13.
a.
(a) Nautical and Aeronautics. The direction, esp. in regard to the points of the compass, towards which a ship, aircraft, etc., is steered or navigated.See also course to steer at Phrases 8, compass course n. at compass n.1, adj., and adv. Compounds 2, to shape one's course at shape v. 16d. to steer a, one's course at steer v.1 1e, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > [noun] > course
ship ren1297
course1553
route?1568
voyage1581
caping1595
wakec1595
run1688
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > course
course1905
flight path1911
heading1917
track1919
vector1941
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. l. 509 (MED) Thei conne noght here Schipes stiere..thei here rihte cours and weie Foryete.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 752 Schipe-men..Castez coursez be crafte..With þe nedyll and þe stone.
1553 S. Cabot in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 259 All courses in Nauigation to be set and kept, by the aduice of the Captaine.
1555 R. Eden Two Viages into Guinea in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 351 We sette owre course south and by East.
1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. 3 Each several Course hath two Points of the Compass, by which it is expressed..Where there is any place scituated South-east, in respect of another place, we say the Rhomb or Course that runneth betwixt them, is South-east and North-west.
1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) at Course When a ship sails in a north east direction, we say her course is four points, or 45 degrees.
1883 R. L. Stevenson Treasure Island ii. xii. 94 The Hispaniola..sailed a course that would just clear the island on the east.
1905 G. Bacon Balloons vi. 86 To steer his course in a balloon..the aeronaut must so arrange that he is travelling faster or slower than the wind.
1909 C. C. Turner Aerial Navigation xii. 181 Heavier-than-air machines..are..liable to be driven out of their course in strong winds.
1933 Bureau of Standards Jrnl. Res. 11 741 Its [sc. the direction finder's] operation was entirely satisfactory, indications right and left of ‘course’ being very steady and definite.
2001 R. McGhee Arctic Voy. Martin Frobisher 79 The ships..set their course more southerly than in the previous year in order to reach warmer latitudes.
(b) In figurative contexts which use the language of sailing or navigation.In some instances merging with sense A. 17a, where the language of sailing and navigation is absent or greatly weakened.See also middle course n. at middle adj. and n. Compounds 1a, steer v.1 1e(b), etc.
Π
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xviii. v. 111 Antoninus..set his course against our State and Common-wealth, not (as they say) with spret nor oare, with shooving, or haling,..but even with spred and full sayle.
a1691 J. Flavel Navigation Spiritualiz'd (1698) xvi. 61 Is thy Word a Compass, to direct my course to Glory.
1744 M. Akenside Pleasures Imagination i. 163 Thro' the tossing tide of chance and pain To hold his course unfaltering.
1867 Jurist 5 Jan. 1014/2 It is almost a matter of necessity, that the churchwardens should be at liberty to obtain the assistance occasionally of legal advice, in order that they may safely steer their course through the many difficulties in the making out of a church rate.
1937 School Life Jan. 144/3 It is our mutual task now to utilize the experience of the past in order to chart a course for the future.
1992 S. Townsend Queen & I (1993) xvii. 131 But the man and the dog were helpless and entirely dependent upon her ability to navigate a course through the murky waters of the DSS.
2008 Atlantic Monthly June 19 Many conservative church leaders have announced that they'll..hold their own summit, starting today in Jerusalem, to plot a future course for the conservative branch of the Church.
2022 Straits Times (Singapore) (Nexis) 3 Apr. The US..has to accept that it does not own the world and that there will be other powers determined to chart their own course.
b. The direction towards which a mountain range, vein of ore, etc., extends.
ΘΠ
the world > space > direction > [noun] > direction in which a thing extends
journey?a1560
run1671
lie1697
line of bearing1717
trend1777
lay1819
orientation1875
1603 G. Bowes Let. 22 Dec. in Cal. MSS Marquis of Salisbury (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1930) (modernized text) XV. 333 The rocks..hold their course in ascent to the south south east and descent pendently more than diagonally into the depth.
1799 R. Kirwan Geol. Ess. 159 Mountains are said to have their course in that direction of their length in which they descend, and grow lower.
1817 Trans. Geol. Soc. 4 80 In Nent head and Dowgang mines its [sc. Black-Esk-gill vein's] course is north and south.
1872 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 308 The Gardner lode is nearly parallel to the Illinois..Its course is north 85° east, true.
1935 Gold Hill Mining District, Utah (U.S. Dept. Interior: Geol. Surv. Professional Paper 177) 71/1 Its course is east-northeast, and its dip is to the northwest.
†c. In plural. Points of the compass. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > compass > card of > point(s) of compass
pointc1503
coursesa1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. i. 47 Lay her a hold, a hold, set her two courses off to Sea againe, lay her off. View more context for this quotation
1664 in Sir T. Browne's Wks. (1848) III. 526 That night [he] lay six courss of.
1891 Cornhill Mag. June 583 Lay her two courses to the wind.
III. Action, process, or progress.
14.
a. course of nature (also †kind): the usual process of nature; the natural order, esp. in regard to its constancy or regularity.See also to let nature take its course at Phrases 7.
Π
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xiii. 34 Þere we syȝyn þyngys passynge þe cours of kynde [a1425 L.V. aȝens kynde].
c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 126 Heo dude after þe cours of kynde, And fleiȝ in-to a treo anon.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) vi. l. 188 August passid, ageyn vnto the roote; Be cours of nature the vertu doth resorte Be reuolucioun to Kynde.
?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Dv There is nomore than one in all ye cours of nature.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Hv A certayn sterre apperyng in the heuen, aboue the course of nature.
1613 J. Salkeld Treat. Angels 89 A miracle..being out of the common course of nature, beyond or above it, doth cause admiration.
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) 305 Touching the production of Animals,..they are in the ordinary course of Nature of two kinds.
1688 Cogitations upon Death f. 1v I Have such Dread when I should die, Not knowing where, nor in what place. Through course of kind he comes to me.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. ii. 36 The whole Course of Nature is a present Instance of his exercising That Government over us.
1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 145 He cannot be supposed to live much longer, according to the course of nature.
1870 F. C. Bowen Logic ix. 301 To suppose that there was any Cataclasm, any violent disruption of what is the usual course of nature.
1954 E. E. Evans-Pritchard Inst. Primitive Soc. i. 4 When the more intelligent of them saw that magic does not really achieve the ends aimed at they substituted for it a belief in man-like beings who direct the course of nature.
1992 L. Woidwode Indian Affairs vi. 129 The Puritan lives, so ham-handedly opposed to the course of nature and the spirits within it, were viewed as threats.
b. The routine or established procedure; the usual way or custom.See also course of exchange, to pervert the course of justice at pervert v. 1a, to run its course at run v. Phrases 2a(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > [noun] > generality or prevalence
coursec1325
publicness1605
rifeness1608
vulgaritya1613
vulgarnessa1613
prepotency1623
prevalency1648
prevalency1651
prevalence1682
prevailance1795
prevalent1867
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > usual course, condition, etc. > the usual or ordinary way or procedure
coursec1325
highway1550
way1556
the common (also general, usual) road1607
the beaten track1638
run1688
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (1872) l. 3186 Whan þat ffortune list to flee Ther may no man the cours of hire withholde.
1418 in J. A. Kingdon Arch. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1886) I. 120 What man comyth nouȝt at dew tyme..to Rydynge aȝeins the Kyng..as comun cours is at Cristemas [etc.].
1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 334 As ye cours askis off ȝowtheid.
1511–12 Act 3 Hen. VIII c. 23 §7 The same to be ordred..aftur the course of the same Eschequer.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 27 Of all þe craftes to ken as þere course askit.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 441 It can not flowe at one houre so high..as the common course thereof is accustomed to doe.
1670 2nd Pt. Peoples Antient & Just Liberties Asserted 67 Complaining of Julius Cæsar's Violation of that course of Law whereby the State was polliced.
1771 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xlix. 187 The law must take its course.
a1797 E. Burke Ess. Abridgm. Eng. Hist. (rev. ed.) in Wks. (1812) V. 567 Here in ordinary course they held a monthly Court for the Centenary.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 85 Never again to imprison any person, except in due course of law.
1886 Act 49 Vict. c. 22 §4 When the letter..would be delivered in the ordinary course of post.
1936 T. F. T. Plucknett Conc. Hist. Common Law (ed. 2) ii. i. iii. 361 The course of the common law started with a statement of the nature of the claim which was largely common form.
2015 E. Wood My Secret Rockstar Boyfriend 157 My little gang and I are definitely not big drinkers in the usual course of things.
†15. figurative. A person's life viewed as a race that is run; a person's journey or passage through life. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > course or span of life
life-dayOE
year-daysOE
timeOE
dayOE
lifeOE
life's timeOE
livelihoodOE
yearOE
lifetimea1300
life-whilea1300
for (also to) term of (a person's) lifea1325
coursec1384
livingc1390
voyage1390
agea1398
life's dayc1425
thread1447
racea1450
living daysc1450
natural life1461
lifeness1534
twist1568
leasec1595
span1599
clew1615
marcha1625
peregrination1653
clue1684
stamen1701
life term1739
innings1772
lifelong1814
pass-through1876
inning1885
natural1891
life cycle1915
puff1967
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. iv. 7 I haue stryuyn a good stryf, I haue endid the cours [L. cursum], I haue kept the feith.
c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (1875) l. 387 Ye han for sothe ydoon a greet bataille Youre cours is doon, youre feith han ye conserued.
a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 50 (MED) Ay the cours of thys mortal lyff Euerych hovr doth to hys boundys drawe.
a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 38 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Where he made an end of his course, and slept with his fathers.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1690) 7 They that enter the World with original Diseases..make commonly short Courses.
1773 H. Chapone Lett. Improvem. Mind II. 23 Some pursuits..can only engage us in the beginning of our course.
1841 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) III. viii. 117 How much, in its..melancholy close, does it [sc. the life of Walter Scott] resemble the course of Napoleon.
1904 Chron. London Missionary Soc. June 131/2 He was stricken down by a malignant form of African fever, and ended his course.
16.
a. The continuous process (of time), succession (of events); progress onward or through successive stages, esp. over time. Frequently in over (also during) the course of: during the specified period of time or activity.See also in (the) course of at Phrases 1b(a), run v. Phrases 2a(a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > [noun] > course or passage of time
process1357
concoursec1400
coursec1460
successionc1485
passing-by1523
by-passing1526
slacka1533
continuancea1552
race1565
prolapse1585
current1587
decurse1593
passage1596
drifting1610
flux1612
effluxion1621
transcursion1622
decursion1629
devolution1629
progression1646
efflux1647
preterition1647
processus1648
decurrence1659
progress1664
fluxation1710
elapsing1720
currency1726
lapse1758
elapse1793
time-lapse1864
wearing1876
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun] > continuous progress or advance of anything
tenor1398
coursec1460
passage1579
current1587
racec1590
profluencea1639
runlong1674
development1756
fore-march1822
upbuilding1876
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > continuity or uninterruptedness > [noun] > continuous succession
motionc1425
coursec1460
discourse1541
discurse?1549
current1587
running1662
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 31 Touchynge the cours of the worlde [L. mundi cursum]..þe firste kyngdom was vnder oure fore fadres from Adam to Moyses.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 267 ‘Cours [1460 Laud Cource] of þis world’ men shul hit calle.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lvii. 83 It is conuenyent that the tyme haue his cours.
1647 C. Cotterell & W. Aylesbury tr. E. C. Davila Hist. Civill Warres France i. 3 The whole course of the Civill Warres.
1769 W. Robertson Hist. Charles V II. ii. 121 I return from it to the course of the history.
1793 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VI. 271 Numbers [of sheep] often die, during the course of winter and spring, of what are here called the rott, pock, and scab.
1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 23 The course of events which brought about this rapid fall.
1901 Rep. Surgeon-General of Army (U.S. Army) 231 Ordinarily, hemorrhages do not appear until late in the course of the disease, or just before death.
1954 Bull. Atomic Scientists May 180/2 We had some understanding of what this [sc. nuclear fission] might do for us in the war, and how much it might change the course of history.
1999 Independent 16 Aug. ii. 11/6 Both sides filed..summaries of what they thought had been proved during the course of the trial.
2011 Atlantic Monthly May 28/2 Over the course of the year, the falleros, members of an ancient guild of Valencian artisans, construct hundreds of these extraordinary sculptures.
†b. Of a life, lifespan: duration or length in time. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [noun]
lengtha1240
date?1316
durationc1384
hautesse1399
quantity?a1425
periodc1475
tracta1513
allowance1526
continuance1530
wideness1535
continue1556
protense1590
countenance1592
stay1595
standing1600
dimension1605
longanimity1607
longinquity1607
insisture1609
existence1615
unprivationa1628
continuity1646
protension1654
measure1658
course1665
contention1666
propagation1741
protensity1886
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 234 The whole course of his [sc. Noah's] life was 950 years.
1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 65 The Course of its Life is sixteen Hours.
1880 B. W. Richardson Moderate Drinking 18 in 10 Lect. on Alcohol The course of its life is, at the most, on an average of the best lives, sixty years.
17.
a. A line of (personal) action, way of acting, method of proceeding; an approach or a strategy adopted to deal with a situation. Frequently in course of action. †to take (a) course (to do something): to proceed or act (to do something); to take steps (to do something) (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > (a) course of conduct or action
wayeOE
pathOE
waya1225
tracea1300
line13..
dancea1352
tenor1398
featc1420
faction1447
rink?a1500
footpath1535
trade1536
vein1549
tract1575
course1582
road1600
country dance1613
track1638
steeragea1641
rhumb1666
tack1675
conduct1706
walk1755
wheel-way1829
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 51 For now is halden non in curs [a1400 Gött. cours] Bot qua þat luue can paramurs.
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiv. 316 Ye knaw not the comon cowrs that longys to a kyng.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 40 Now what counsayl, what course may rightlye be taken?
1601 W. Raleigh Let. 12 Sept. (1999) 212 I wish yow to hold such a cource as may best fitt your honor and your humor together.
1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 23 If you will follow this course, you shall..reape therby many commodities.
1650 in J. A. Picton City of Liverpool: Select. Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 172 The Maior..shall disburse moneys and take course to see the same fenced.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. lvi If there be not a speedy course taken to remove some Encroachments.
1747 J. Wesley Primitive Physick p. xviii To persevere with Steadiness in this Course, is often more than half the Cure.
1788 J. Wesley Serm. Several Occasions VIII. 265 A great man applied personally to his Majesty, begging that he would please to ‘take a course to stop these run-about Preachers’.
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. i. 7 I think our wisest course will be to join the cry.
1872 E. Peacock Mabel Heron I. iii. 47 He had made up his mind to a certain course of action.
1915 G. O'Keeffe Let. 15 Sept. in G. O'Keeffe & A. Pollitzer Lovingly, Georgia (1990) 24 It seems to me that the best course is the one that leaves my mind freest.
1958 Observer 11 May 13/2 His wiser self will recognise the grave risks he will be taking if he pursues so ruthless a course.
2014 R. L. Daft et al. Building Managem. Skills i. i. 47/2 Self-restraint means being able to resist that emotional urge, giving you time to evaluate the circumstances you're in and decide the wisest course of action.
b. plural. Ways of action, proceedings; personal conduct or behaviour, esp. of a reprehensible kind. Now archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun]
tightc888
workOE
laitsc1225
rule?c1225
guise1303
conditionsc1374
actiona1393
governancea1393
governailc1425
port?a1439
fashion1447
dressa1450
governinga1450
walkingc1450
abearing?1454
deport1474
behaving1482
dealing1484
guidinga1500
demeanoura1513
behaviour?1521
walk?1567
daps1582
courses1592
deportment1601
behave?1615
deportation1616
containment1619
conduct1673
haviour1752
daddyism1984
the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > [noun] > proceedings or doings
workingOE
workOE
workOE
doingsa1387
practica1475
gearc1475
proceeding1524
practice1547
activity1570
courses1592
acting1596
motion1667
ongoings1673
energies1747
deed1788
movement1803
1592 Greenes Groats-worth of Witte To Gentl. Acquaint. sig. Fv I might intreat your rare wits to be imploied in more profitable courses.
1605 London Prodigall v. i. 275 With conceit of his vile courses.
a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 2 I knew his courses as much..as any man beside.
a1677 J. Taylor Contempl. State Man (1684) i. xi. 139 They have dissuaded them from their evil courses.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iii. 56 Baser courses, children of despair.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. Pref. p. xiii But in his old age he has mended his courses.
1959 J. Fontenrose Python (1980) iii. 61 No goddess incited Kyknos to evil courses in the extant sources.
c. course of conduct: a line of (personal) action, way of acting, mode of behaviour; (in later use) spec. (Law) a pattern of conduct composed of two or more acts committed over a period of time, establishing continuity of purpose.In early use probably not as a fixed collocation.
Π
1725 J. Earle Serm. conc. Walking in Christ in Christian's Conduct 80 Walking in Christ..implies our Perseverance in this Course of Conduct or Behaviour to the End of Life.
1826 T. Starkie Pract. Treat. Law of Evid. (U.S. ed.) I. 29 Every one..is able to presume and infer the motives by which an agent was actuated, from the particular course of conduct which he adopted.
1837 Coventry Herald 6 Jan. 4/1 The King of Great Britain and the King of the French, are pursuing exactly opposite courses of conduct towards Spain.
1910 Official Gaz. Brit. Guiana 7 Dec. 1420/1 As laid down in Wilkinson v. Wilkinson..desertion is a continuing course of conduct.
1949 Unemployment Compensation Interpr. Service: Benefit Series (U.S. Federal Security Agency) 12 vii. 12 Certainly her course of conduct while in her last employment was such as to raise a plain inference that she had an argumentative nature.
2018 U.S. Official News (Nexis) 11 Sept. The evidence produced at trial sufficiently demonstrated that the defendants' conduct was part of a course of conduct..intended to cause her distress and to obtain custody of her children.
†18. Customary or appointed sequence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [noun] > order of succession
ordera1382
processa1387
course1558
sequence1592
series1594
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 99 Cowrs of ordyr, or rewe, series.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 70 (MED) Þe yere fro þe incarnacion of our lorde, aftur þe cowrse & cowntinge of Inglonde, Millesimo CCCo lvj.
1558 Dunkyn's Mortgage to Vicary in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. v. 181 The yere of oure Lord God, after the course and rekenynge of the Churche of Englond, a thousand, fyue hundreth, fyftie and seuen.
1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. N2v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) Inuersion of wordes, besides their common course, as when we say:..faults no man liueth without, when order requireth we should say: No man liueth without faults.
1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 48 For the Choice of these Lessons..holy Church observes a several course.
†19. The overarching purpose or intention of a narrative, document, etc.; the primary message or argument. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > drift, tenor, purport > [noun]
sentence?c1225
intent1303
tenora1387
intendment1390
strengthc1390
porta1393
meaningc1395
process1395
continencea1398
purposec1400
substance1415
purport1422
matterc1450
storyc1450
containing1477
contenu1477
retinue1484
fecka1500
content1513
drift1526
intention1532
vein1543
importing1548
scope1549
importance1552
course1553
force1555
sense?1556
file1560
intelliment?1562
proporta1578
preport1583
import1588
importment1602
carriage1604
morala1616
significancy1641
amount1678
purview1688
sentiment1713
capacity1720
spirit1742
message1828
thrust1968
messaging1977
1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Xvj I haue moste earnestlie mynded the glorie of God, and the settyng forth of his holy name, throughout the whole course of this my rude and symple booke.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 147 The nature and whole course of a matter, beying largely set out.
1555 E. Bonner Certaine Homelyes 72 Al the circumstances of the texte, and course of Scripture dothe importe the contrary.
1576 A. Fleming Panoplie Epist. Argt. 211 Pythagoras now being (as the course of the Epistle offerreth me to thinke) in Italie.
1723 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 223 I send you a copy because I believe it to be in course much the same with what you mentioned to have been received.
IV. A member of a series or set, and related senses.
20. A dish, or a set of dishes served together, forming one of the successive parts of a meal. Frequently with modifier indicating the type of food served.Often used as a modifier with a preceding numeral to specify the number of courses in a meal.See also after-course n. 1, main course n.2, pudding course n. at pudding n. Compounds 1b, starter course at starter n. 12e, sweet course n. at sweet n. Compounds 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > course > [noun]
sanda700
messc1300
coursec1325
servicec1450
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Squire's Tale (Hengwrt) (1874) l. 66 It nedeth nat to deuyse At euery cours the ordre of hir seruyse.
a1450 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (Caius) (1810) 3429 Fro kechene come the fyrste cours, With pypes, and trumpes, and tabours.
1599 J. Minsheu Pleasant Dialogues Spanish & Eng. 6 in R. Percyvall & J. Minsheu Spanish Gram. Bring vs some oliues for the third course.
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant i. i. 14 I'll tell you the story between the courses.
1733 V. La Chapelle Mod. Cook III. 26 Make use of this Cullis with all sorts of Fish Courses.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 27 What's here? For the first course; for the second course; for the desert.
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xi. 319 Like one returning thanks after a dinner of many courses.
1891 Shoe & Leather Reporter 7 May 1170/2 It was a five-course meal with a variety of dishes.
1926 Restaurateur 31 July 6/1 All she has to do is to telephone to Mary's Meals on Wheels,..and a hot three or four-course dinner will be waiting on her doorstep whenever she wants it.
1968 C. Roden Bk. Middle Eastern Food xi. 223 Stuffed tomatoes... Serve as a first course or a main dish, accompanied by plain rice.
1996 Sainsbury's Mag. Jan. 129/1 If you choose a four-to-five-year-old Spanish rioja or an Italian wine such as chianti..it'll go much better with the cheese course.
2000 W. Ihimaera Uncle's Story i. i. 16 Three courses, good wine and not a pork bone or pot of puha in sight.
2019 C. Carty-Williams Queenie (2020) xix. 249 Diana came in to rummage for food, which prompted my grandmother to jump up and start preparing her a three-course meal.
21.
†a. The time for anything which comes round to each person in succession; a person's turn. Cf. Phrases 3a(b). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > frequency > [noun] > recurrence > turn
charec1000
lotc1175
throwc1275
tourc1320
wheel1422
turnc1425
tourney1523
course1530
vice1637
rubbera1643
rote1831
whet1849
journey1884
1416 in G. Hadley New & Compl. Hist. Kingston-upon-Hull (1788) 746 (MED) Yay wylle yat ye prayer bell be ronghen at sex atte clok..wekely by a brodyr or syster of ye same Maisendew, as yair course comys about.
a1450 ( tr. Vegetius De Re Militari (Douce) f. 42 Of hem þat haue fulfilled her cours in wacchis and oþer laboures.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 210/1 Cours of order, tovr.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxvjv Euery company, as their course came, saluted the kyng.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. f. 105 Where men by courses be borne to dye.
1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 168 After the death of some noble Gentleman, my course came next, though not to die, yet to goe neere the Graue.
1655 E. Terry Voy. E.-India 126 Trouble and peace..comfort and discontent come all of them by courses.
1695 L. Echard Rom. Hist. I. iii. vii. 424 Cesar likewise celebrated Games..and it was order'd they shou'd be renew'd every fifth Year, four Colleges of Priests, taking care of 'em; namely, the Pontifices, Augurs, Septemviri, and Quindecemviri by Courses.
b. Each of two or more groups of people who take turns performing an official duty or task. rare after 17th century.Chiefly with Biblical reference to the organization of the priests and Levites at the Temple in Jerusalem (1 Chronicles).
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > church government > council > Jewish > [noun]
councilc1384
course1535
sanhedrim1588
Beth Din1795
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Chron. xxviii. A Officers waytinge vpon the kynge, to go of & on after their course euery moneth one..Euery course had foure & twentye thousande.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Chron. xxviii. 13 Also for the courses of the Priests and the Leuites. View more context for this quotation
1611 Bible (King James) Luke i. 5 A certaine Priest, named Zacharias, of the course of Abia. View more context for this quotation
1658 J. Harrington Prerogative Pop. Govt. i. xii. 107 We have the courses of Israel for the first Example of Rotation in a Popular Assembly.
1998 M. D. Coogan Ox. Hist. Biblical World (2001) x. 358 The priests themselves, who inherited the position, were divided into twenty-four courses.
22.
a. Building. A single continuous horizontal layer of bricks, stones, timber, or other building material, in a wall, the face of a building, etc.; (also) a row of slates, tiles, or shingles. Also: a section or part of a layer of thatch. figurative in quot. 1851.See also damp-proof course n. at damp n.1 Compounds, plinth course n. at plinth n. Compounds 2, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > disposition of stones or bricks > [noun] > single layer on same level
course1624
1421 in Archæol. Jrnl. (1850) 7 57 (MED) Rob't. schall make a brigg' of stane oure ye water of Swalle atte Catrik..wt v Corsees of Egeoves lik And acordande to ye same Thiknes of Egeoves as Barnacastelle brigg' is of.
c1450 J. Capgrave Solace of Pilgrims (Bodl. 423) (1911) 34 (MED) Þis wal had but to cors of arches, for þe curyng of þe uoutes wer so disposed þat þe roof was hy with oute and descended lower with inne.
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 20 That certain Courses or Ledges of more strength then the rest, be interlayed like Bones.
a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 152 The breadth that the thatcher taketh up with him all att [a] time afore the ladder bee remooved, that is called [a] course..they will say that hee wanteth..soe many course to the [e]nde of the howse.
1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 15 Lay a course of Stone on the Cornish.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vii. 132 Three or four or five course of Bricks to be laid.
1851 J. Ruskin Stones of Venice I. xxv. 273 The beginning, the several courses, and the close of a human life.
1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany xiv. 233 In some parts of the walls courses of Roman brick might still be seen.
1869 J. Phillips Vesuvius ii. 34 Broad bricks laid in several courses among small squared stone.
1959 in C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. (1994) Track 33 (transcript) Drawed out these bundles and took it up on a fork... On your backs. And, uh, and let it down in courses.
1960 Thatcher's Craft ii. 16 Before any courses are laid, a thin layer of straw is spread as a lining course over the battens.
1985 Antiquaries Jrnl. June 415 A secondary skin of seven courses of brickwork has later been built up.
2009 C. Hall & W. D. Hoff Water Transport in Brick, Stone & Concrete (ed. 2) 268 The bottom courses just above ground level..show loss of mortar from the lowest joints.
b. A layer, stratum. Now English regional.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > sedimentary formation > [noun] > stratum
coursec1430
couch1661
stratum1671
dess1673
strata1676
bed1684
floor1692
flooring1697
stratificationa1703
rock1712
liea1728
lay-bed1728
post1794
a1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 49 Ley þe iiij. course of þin Fleyssche..as brode as þin cake.
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xlii Set the nethermast course vpon the endes, and the seconde course flat vpon the syde.
1553 J. Brende tr. Q. Curtius Rufus Hist. iv. f. 39 Ouer those a newe course of trees and stones againe.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. vii. 367 They..hove out the first course of the Centurion's star-board side.
1892 P. H. Emerson Son of Fens xv. 146 Arter we'd got two or t'ree courses in, I couldn't see my chummy on the cart.
1898 I. Wilkinson in Eng. Dial. Dict. I. 75/2 [North Yorkshire]. A course, inloading sheaves of corn on a cart, is two sheaves thick; they being laid endways, that is, forwards and backwards for one layer; and then to one side and the other, for another layer.
c. Music. In a musical instrument: a pair or set of adjacent strings tuned to the same note or (occasionally) an octave apart, and typically played as one.Also used as a modifier with a preceding numeral to specify the number of courses of strings on an instrument.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > stringed instruments > [noun] > parts generally > string
stringa1000
chorda1340
corda1340
sinew1605
course-
1609 T. Robinson New Citharen Lessons sig. A4 Your Citharen lyeth before you with his 4 course of strings.
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 639/1 Course,..2 (Music.) A set of strings of the same tone placed alongside, and struck one, two, or three at a time, according to the strength of sound desired.
1959 G. Reese Music in Renaissance (rev. ed.) ii. xi. 622 Six pieces for the four-course guitar.
1976 Gramophone July 194/2 A guitar-like instrument with six courses (pairs of strings).
1985 Music 2 Feb. 26/2 (advt.) 13 Course Baroque Lute with case.
2020 J. Graper tr. A. Vera Sweet Penance of Music iii. 163/2 He specifies that the ‘common’ type has six courses of strings.
d. Mining and Geology. A vein of ore or other mineral; (also) a seam or stratum of coal or rock.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > [noun] > course
course1778
1650 J. French tr. Paracelsus Of Nature of Things ix. 130 in tr. M. Sędziwóg New Light of Alchymie All these Coruscations, how ever they appear, are a certain signe of Courses of Metalls [Ger. Ertzgäng], that by them they may be known, and Metalls as certain gifts of God may be brought forth out of the earth.
1778 W. Pryce Mineralogia Cornubiensis 319 Any Vein or Lode is often termed a Course.
1839 D. Milne Mem. Mid-Lothian & E.-Lothian Coal-fields 26 In the Earl of Winton's ground at Cockeny, there is found a course of coals and freestone, dipping to the SE. in the Links.
1900 Royal Cornwall Gaz. 7 June 5/6 A good course of copper ore has been discovered at what is considered a deep level in this district.
2002 H. N. Gardiner Mining among Clouds x. 59 In the Moose Mine the largest and richest courses of ore lay from horizontal to a pitch of thirty-six degrees.
e. Knitting and Textiles. A row of stitches or loops across the width of a knitted fabric.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > [noun] > consisting of loops or looped stitches > knitted fabric > stitches > row of
row1786
course1940
1655 Natura Exenterata 417 Then work your instep-needle, and so work plain one course round about, til you come to your right hand heel Needle.
1831 G. Henson Civil Hist. Framework-knitters v. 264 The workman made alternate courses of blue and white, and only worked the machine every other course; the result was, a stripe of blue and white was made down the ribbed stockings.
1916 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 25 Jan. 1169/1 The heel having a reinforced portion comprising a plurality of courses.
1969 A. J. Hall Standard Handbk. Textiles (ed. 7) iii. 151 By knitting the fabric so that a locking thread moves through the different courses this laddering can be prevented.
2018 @NationalSewing 16 June in twitter.com (accessed 19 April 2022) In this class you'll explore a wide variety of knit fabrics and learn how to identify the right side, wales and courses.
f. A row of teeth on a metal file.
ΚΠ
1813 ‘T. Martin’ Circle Mech. Arts 337/2 A second course of teeth is cut to form the double cut file, crossing the first diagonally.
1874 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. I. 639/1 A row of parallel teeth on the face of a file. One course makes a single-cut file. A course crossing the file at right angles constitutes it a double-cut file.
1939 T. S. Ashton 18th-cent. Industrialist i. 4 In making a cross-cut file, when the first course of teeth had been cut it was necessary to strip away irregularities with a pottance file.
g. A flight of stairs. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth ix, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 232 Seven courses of stairs brought you up hither with fatigue and shortened breath.
2005 P. Maximoff Going to Nias xi. 69 There are four courses of stairs in the path to Bawa Matalua, seven hundred stone steps in all.
h. In tobacco manufacturing: a row or layer of bundles of tobacco.
ΚΠ
1850 Ann. Rep. Commissioner Patents 1849: Agric. 323 in U.S. Congress. Serial Set (31st Congr., 1st Sess.: House of Representatives Executive Doc. 20, Pt. 2) VI In putting the tobacco in the hogshead for packing, a man gets inside, shoes off... A single row of bundles is then laid all around the edge on the heads of the last circle, then across the hogshead in parallel rows... This is called a course and these courses are continued until the hogshead be filled.
1884 J. B. Killegrew Rep. Culture & Curing Tobacco U.S. 186 A course is run from A to B, the bundles being placed at right angles to this line.
1946 W. W. Garner Production of Tobacco 422 The hands are laid in courses in shingle fashion with the butts pointing outward.
23.
a. A menstrual period (frequently in plural). In early use also: †menstrual bleeding, menstruation (obsolete).In later use chiefly in historical fiction.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > menses > [noun]
monthlyeOE
menstruuma1398
flowerc1400
menstrue?a1425
women's evilc1450
menstruosity1503
courses1563
monthly time1564
reds1568
month courses1574
purgation1577
women's courses1577
month1578
menses1597
menstruals1598
flourish1606
nature1607
fluors1621
mois1662
period1690
catamenia1764
turn1819
visitor1980
1526 Grete Herball sig. Cc.v/2 The whyte or lede coloured vryne hauyng whyte shelles therin swymmynge, sygnyfyeth the cours or fluxum menstrualem of women.
1563 T. Hill Arte Gardening (1593) 151 Beware that they which haue their monethly courses, doe not then..come neare.
1597 J. Gerard Herball i. 47 The monthly course of women.
1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 177 When Maids begin to have their Courses.
1671 W. Salmon Synopsis Medicinæ iii. iii. 389 Chast-tree..stops the courses.
1739 T. Jones tr. F. Mauriceau Aphorisms Pregnancy, Delivery, & Dis. Women. 28 Women conceive best, in the first five or six Days, that follow their Courses.
1867 G. M. Beard & A. D. Rockwell Med. Use Electr. 39 For eighteen months she had not seen her courses.
1912 Australasian Med. Gaz. 11 May 492/1 Her last course came on April 14th.
2014 S. Dharmapala Saree (2015) 76 Amma, my monthly courses are late. What am I going to do?
2021 H. Boyd Pleasures of Night (e-book, accessed 7 June 2022) Epil. Eugenia's courses were late, which was unusual for her.
†b. An acute episode of a disease, esp. a disease of a relapsing nature. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [noun] > bout or attack of > each successive
course1541
?1537 T. Elyot Castell of Helthe ii. xii. f. 30 It..is medicynable ageynste goutes, ioynt aches, and feuers, whiche come by courses.
1763 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting III. i. 14 He..died of a severe course of gout.
1838 J. A. Gridley Diss. Fever 35 Nine patients in ten would go through a course of fever in less time, with less suffering.
†24. A set of candles made in a single batch. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > candle > [noun] > candles made at one time
course1552
stick1711
1552 Will of William Smythe (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/35) f. 63 Unto the poore..of this parishe a Course of Candelles xvj in the pounde.
1712 Act 10 Anne in London Gaz. No. 5031/6 No..Maker of Candles..shall begin to make any Course or Making of Candles, without Notice thereof first given.
1774 Instr. Officers ascertaining Duties on Candles 7 Every chandler or maker of candles for sale, before he begins to work upon, dip, or make any course, or making of candles, [etc.].
†25. In bear-baiting: one of several instances of setting dogs to attack a captive bear during a fight. Chiefly figurative. Obsolete.Recorded earliest in figurative use: see quot. 1608.In later use with allusion to Shakespeare's use: see quots. 1608 and a1616.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting or baiting animals > animal baiting > [noun] > bear-baiting > each attack by dogs
coursea1616
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. l. 52 I am tide tot'h stake, and I must stand the course.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) v. vii. 2 They haue tied me to a stake, I cannot flye, But Beare-like I must fight the course . View more context for this quotation
1640 R. Brome Antipodes sig. Hv Also you shall see two ten dogge-courses at the Great Beare.
1829 W. Scott Jrnl. 29 Apr. (1946) 60 I am brought to the stake perforce, and must stand the course.
1907 Congress. Rec. 41 1205/1 President Roosevelt must fight the course.
V. A series or sequence.
26.
a. A series of lectures, lessons, or instructional sessions in a particular subject; (chiefly British) a prescribed or planned curriculum or program of instruction in an academic subject, a vocational or practical skill, etc., esp. leading to an examination or qualification.See also crash course n. 2, massive open online course n. at massive adj. Compounds, refresher course at refresher n. Compounds 1, training course n. (b) at training n. Compounds 2, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > class or course
course1605
discipline1676
class1691
curriculum1824
cursus1875
1560 J. Knox et al. Buke Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 214 Tuo Reidaris in the Municipall and Romane Lawis, who sall compleit thair coursses in four yeares.
1602 W. Watson tr. E. Pasquier Iesuites Catech. i. xii. sig. K4v Maffee lies, when he saith som of them were Doctors of diuinity, & some had begun their course.
1605 D. Boyd Let. 16 Nov. in R. Wodnow Coll. Lives Reformers (1845) II. ii. 39 [He] will pass his course in the colledge within two years.
c1750 N. Bliss in C. R. L. Fletcher Collectanea (1885) I. 337 Any one of these Classes or Courses will require about three Months.
1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxxii. 241 A regular course of study and exercise was judiciously instituted.
1884 A. R. Pennington Wiclif ix. 290 He began to deliver..a course of lectures on the Epistles of St. Paul.
1916 Oelwein (Iowa) Daily Reg. 21 July A practical course in domestic science.
1979 P. Townsend Poverty in U.K. xviii. 643 He went on a course at a government training centre.
1982 Orange Coast Mag. Sept. 22/2 Enrolling in college as a freshman, Genie plans to take general education courses this semester.
1999 Alumnus (National Univ. of Singapore) July 53/1 This 15-week course will show film-goers how to articulate their attitudes toward movies.
2012 J. Edwards Earth Girl i. 1 I finally decided what I was going to do for my degree course.
b. Christian Church. The prescribed series of prayers for the canonical hours.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > canonical hours > [noun]
service?c1225
houra1250
officec1300
divine service1389
canonical hours1483
course1570
little hours1688
choir offices1876
1570 B. Googe tr. T. Kirchmeyer Popish Kingdome iii. f. 36v To hir they certaine prayers giue, that here the Course [L. Cursum] they call.
1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. vii. 296 The course or order of daily prayer for the seven hours.
1847 J. Yeowell Chron. Anc. Brit. Church vii. 72 Shewing..that the Scottish..course was of as ancient and noble parentage as their own.
1982 A. Hughes Medieval Manuscripts for Mass & Office (2004) i. 15 The course came to be known by several names, the Office Hours, Canonical Hours, Divine Office, opus Dei, etc.
c. A planned or prescribed series of medical treatments, doses of medication, etc. Frequently in course of treatment.Recorded earliest in figurative context: see quot. ?1587.
ΘΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [noun] > course of treatment
medicinec1325
regimena1400
regiment?a1425
discipline?a1439
regime1864
the world > food and drink > food > diet > [noun] > prescribed diet
dietc1386
dietaryc1450
elimination diet1928
?1587 R. Southwell Epist. Comfort ii. 13 Such Patients..as be not past cure, God geueth bitter medicines vnto.., but such as are so farr gonne, that by ordinarye course of phisicke, they are not likelye to be recouered, he suffreth to doe what best liketh their phantasie, without controlment.
1609 Bp. J. Hall Passion-serm. 59 A wonderfull Physition; a wonder full course of cure.
1629 J. Cole Of Death 114 A certaine strict course of dyet.
1654 H. More Let. 18 June in Conway Lett. (1992) ii. 104 I am..in a course of Physick, and intend to vomitt tomorrow, with possett drink.
1743 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. 121 I have seen some of our Profession racking their Brains, and prescribing Courses of Physic to People with Hump-backs.
1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 206 I wished..to put him on a course of chalybeate tonics.
1891 Illustr. London News 28 Nov. 701/1 The ‘course’ is usually fifteen douche-baths and five tube-baths.
1968 P. H. Newby Something to answer For iii. 83 They gave him a course of drugs.
1988 Which? Nov. 511/3 Don't stop taking the antibiotic before the end of the course.
2010 Vanity Fair Nov. 162 My docs have suggested a course of treatment more aggressive than hormone therapy.
d. gen. A prolonged series of years, months, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [noun] > a series or succession
row?1510
processiona1564
sequencea1575
succession1579
pomp1595
suite1597
rosary1604
sequel1615
series1618
rope1621
success1632
concatenation1652
sorites1664
string1713
chain1791
course1828
serie1840
daisy chain1856
nexus1858
catena1862
litany1961
1760 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy I. xi. 50 Surnames..which, in a course of years, have generally undergone as many chops and changes as their owners.
1805 Mrs. Douglas tr. C. F. Gellert in Life Prof. Gellert II. xiii. 299 Practices indulged by us in our youth, and persisted in during a long course of years.
1828 Ld. Grenville Sinking Fund 25 Formed in a long course of centuries.
1871 S. Smiles Character iii. 64 Persons who have been housemates for a course of years.
2011 S. B. Korones in Assisted Ventilation of Neonate (ed. 5) xxiii. 400/1 Among infants who recover from BPD..room air may be tolerated after a course of weeks or months.
27. Campanology. The successive shifting of the order in which a particular bell is struck in a series of changes (change n. 9a); (now usually) a part of a composition in which one or more bells return to their natural position in the ringing sequence or row.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > bell-ringing > [noun] > going through all the changes > changes > specific
set peal16..
grandsire1668
whole pull1668
bob1671
peal1671
course1677
set changes1677
single1684
single change1688
Plain Bob1702
Stedman1731
Superlative Surprise1788
touch1788
triple1798
triple bob major1809
maximus1813
royal1813
call changes1837
slam1854
cater1872
cinques1872
triple change1872
plain hunt1874
plain hunting1874
quarter peal1888
method1901
short course1904
1677 F. Stedman Campanalogia (new ed.) 82 Upon six bells there are also single and double Courses, viz. twelve changes in every single Course, as in Grandsire Bob, etc., and twenty four changes in every double Course, as in Colledg Bob, etc.
1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 94 Some Peals upon five Bells consist of single Courses, wherein are ten Changes, and twelve Courses make the Peal.
1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 112 The two hind Bells dodge, and the five first go a perfect Hunting-Course.
1880 C. A. W. Troyte in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 334 Treble Bob..derives its name from the fact that, instead of the plain hunting course, the bells, and more especially the ‘Treble’, have a dodging course.
1976 Elem. Handbk. for Beginners in Art Change-Ringing (new ed.) 18 You will see that our plain course now consists of 5 leads each of 12 changes.
2016 J. Harrison Bells & Bellringing 14 (caption) Plain Bob Minor showing the path of a bell through the course, which can be learnt as a pattern.
28. Agriculture. A particular sequence of crops, or of crops and fallowing, used on a piece of ground in successive seasons to improve its productivity; a rotation (rotation n. 4a). Cf. field course n. (b) at field n.1 Compounds 5. Now somewhat rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [noun] > rotation of crops
rotation1757
course1767
succession1779
turnip-system1805
convertible husbandry1811
four-field course1842
1756 T. Hale et al. Compl. Body Husbandry vi. 351/2 These three several Names are regularly successively applied to the said several Fields, according to the Course they come in, of being sowed with Wheat or Pease, &c. or lying Fallow.
1758 London Chron. 28 Oct. 418/1 The usual course for stiff land ought to be, first the fallow, wheat the second, beans the third, and oats the fourth year.
a1797 E. Burke Thoughts on Scarcity (1800) 21 The turnip and grass-land course, which is the prevalent course on the more or less fertile, sandy and gravelly loams.
1858 Jrnl. Agric. Soc. 19 i. 48 The general system of working the land is on the four or five years' course; of roots, spring corn, seeds for one or two years, and wheat.
1957 Agriculture Oct. 330 This five-year course consisted of cereal, cereal undersown, one-year seeds, cereal and fallow.
1992 E. Kerridge Common Fields of Eng. iii. 63 The usual course in the deeper and better of the warm loams..was the three-field one of (1) fallow, (2) winter corn, (3) spring corn.
†B. adv.1
In turn. Cf. sense A. 21a. Obsolete. rare.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads ii. 90 Pelops to Atreus, chief of men; he, dying, gave it course To prince Thyestes, rich in herds.

Phrases

P1.
a. in course.
(a) According to the usual or customary process or procedure; according to the natural or expected progress of events; as a consequence. Now only in in due course: at the appropriate or usual time.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > in order, sequence, or succession [phrase] > in due order
in coursec1305
in due course1876
c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) l. 225 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 500 Of art he radde six ȝer..& siþþe for beo [emended in ed. to for to beo] more profound..arsmetrike radde in cours in Oxenford wel faste.
c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) v. 1825 The tapster..straight leaves His other guestes, in course to take his cup.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 208 Hearing there were words between us, and fearing that hostilities would ensue in course.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §321 Everything now appearing to go on successfully and in course.
1876 W. Black Madcap Violet xx. 179 Mr. George Miller arrived in due course.
1883 W. Besant All in Garden Fair I. v. 101 When the boys got promotion, which came in due course.
1983 R. K. Narayan Tiger for Malgudi 45 We will teach this fellow every accomplishment in due course.
2008 D. Crystal Txtng iii. 62 The issue will become clearer in due course.
†(b) In succession, in turn. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > alternation > rotation > [adverb]
aboutOE
whilemeala1382
by whiles1382
in coursea1400
in turna1500
circularly1648
in rotation1771
round-by-round1933
rotationally1950
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27160 An er þai aght in curs to kene, Qua, quate, qui, quare, quam wit, quen, Hu oft-sith, on quatkin-wise.
1619 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Maides Trag. i. sig. B2v When the rest..Tell mirthfull tales in course that fils the roome With laughter.
1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng Restored 162 He that was defied gave the first stroak, and so they struck in course.
1750 D. Dickson Let. to Rev. Mr. Kinlcoch 16 If Mr. Carmichael..acknowledge the Fact..he in Course must turn Libeller of the calumnious Brethren who informed him.
†(c) In a row or line. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrangement in (a) row(s) or line(s > in (a) row(s) or line(s [phrase]
on (also in) a rew?c1225
on row?a1300
in a rowc1330
on (also upon) a rowa1350
in rowc1450
in (also on, upon) rowsa1500
in coursec1540
on a rank?1575
of a rank1581
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 28 Of crafty colours to knaw all in course set.
1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng Restored 12 Four stones in course one within another.
(d) In a continuous or prescribed series (of readings, lessons, etc.). Now chiefly historical and with reference to prayer books.
Π
1642 J. Spelman Protestants Acct. of Orthodox Holding 25 Then some portions of the Scripture should be read in course, of which, the Psalmes should ever be part.
1704 J. Williams Brief Disc. Lawfulness of Worshipping God by Common-prayer ii. 26 Of the 929 Chapters of the Old Testament, 753 are read in course, and 176 only omitted.
1865 A. B. Muzzey Blade & Ear viii. 182 Dr. Johnson..ridiculed the idea of reading any book in course. He said he never read any book through but the Bible.
1905 F. Procter & W. H. Frere New Hist. Bk. Common Prayer (new. ed.) x. 377 The whole Psalter is sung through ‘in course’ every month, instead of there being fixed Psalms appointed for several days.
1968 D. Harrison 1st & 2nd Prayer Bks. Edward VI p. vii Mattins had three lessons read in course.
1999 J. Lee Opening Prayer Bk. vi. 116 In Cranmer's first prayer book all one hundred fifty psalms were to be read in course monthly.
†(e) Used to qualify a clause, statement, reply, etc.: naturally, as might be expected. Obsolete.Now superseded by of course (see Phrases 5c).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > of course, certainly [phrase]
to iwissea1000
mid iwissea1000
in wisc1000
to wis(se)c1000
without(en (any) weenc1175
sans fail1297
thereof no strife1297
but werea1300
forouten werea1300
out of werea1300
without werea1300
without deceit1303
for certainc1320
it is to wittingc1320
withouten carec1320
without nayc1330
without noc1330
without (but out of) dread1340
no doubtc1380
without distancec1390
no fresea1400
out of doubta1400
without doubta1400
for, (in, at obs.), of, to (a) certaintyc1400
withouten stance14..
hazel woods shakea1413
of, on, in warrantisec1440
sure enough?1440
without question?1440
wythout diswerec1440
without any dispayrec1470
for (also of) a surety?a1475
in (also for) surenessa1475
of certainc1485
without any (also all) naya1500
out of question?1526
past question?1526
for sure1534
what else1540
beyond (also out of, past, without) (all) peradventure1542
to be a bidden by1549
out of (also without) all cry1565
with a witness1579
upon my word1591
no question1594
out of all suspicion1600
for a certain1608
without scruple1612
to be sure1615
that's pos1710
in course1722
beyond (all) question1817
(and) no mistake1818
no two ways about it (also that)1818
of course1823
bien entendu1844
yessiree1846
you bet you1857
make no mistake1876
acourse1883
sans doute1890
how are you?1918
you bet your bippy1968
1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ix. 173 The inclination itself..is in this case uppermost, and in course takes the commanding post.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 181 If he had, I should in course have put the bow I made him into French too.
1805 Monthly Mag. 19 425 In course they are convertible words.
1839 W. M. Thackeray Catherine v, in Fraser's Mag. July 98/2 ‘Oh, in course,’ echoed the tall man.
1843 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross (1854) xv. 149 Knowin' the h'age that Jorrocks wanted a bye of, why, in course, he said I was just of that age.
1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds III. lvii. 41 ‘That's what has come of the diamonds.’ ‘Benjamin, in course,’ said Bunfit.
1895 C. M. Yonge Long Vac. xxiv. 250 ‘Is she there?’ ‘In course, and Miss Francis too.’
b.
(a) in (the) course of: after or during a period of time; during (a specified activity); in the process of. [Compare Anglo-Norman en cours de in the process of (end of the 13th cent. or earlier).]
ΘΠ
the world > time > [adverb] > during or in the course of (a certain time)
asOE
in the meantime of1447
wherein1535
therein1539
for long, for a or the time1564
in the course of1653
inside of1839
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 203 (MED) Neiþer is it euydent in liȝt of resoun wheþer þou madist it al at oonys or in course of daies.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates George Plantagenet f. lxxviii Through the death of those two noble peres My brother lived and raignde a quiet king, Who had they lived perchaunce in course of yeares, Would have delivered Henry from the breres.
1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures 1 Any crosses that may arrive unto them in the course of their lives.
1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 17 In the course of one revolving Moon, Was Chymist, Fidler, States-Man, and Buffoon.
1790 W. Paley Horæ Paulinæ i. 8 Difficulties which presented themselves in the course of our inquiry.
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice II. xii. 155 In the course of the morning. View more context for this quotation
1883 Harper's Mag. Oct. 712/2 Wherever the water overflows the lake's edge it incrusts the ground,..so that the brim is perpetually growing higher and higher..and in course of generations the lake will become a concreted basin.
1936 J. Cary Afr. Witch xvi. 250 He was surrounded by a thousand deadly enemies made in the course of this duty.
2017 K. Shamsie Home Fire iv. 103 It was only now that Eamonn understood how you could decide you wanted to marry someone in the course of an afternoon without drugs being the primary factor.
(b) in (the) course of time: after a period of time; as time goes by.
ΘΠ
the world > time > [adverb] > during or in the course of (a certain time)
asOE
in the meantime of1447
wherein1535
therein1539
for long, for a or the time1564
in the course of1653
inside of1839
1566 W. Adlington tr. Apuleius .XI. Bks. Golden Asse sig. B.iv How he was in course of time, from such estate vnsold.
1635 T. Heywood Hierarchie Blessed Angells iii. 141 Aire into Fire doth passe..Aire into Water too..And yet this permutation cannot be, But in the course of Time.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 165 In the course of time they shall be exposed from the dilapidations of the mountain.
1833 T. P. Thompson Idioms of Amer. in Exercises (1842) III. 470 There are many Americanisms which in the course of time will work their way into the language of England.
1875 W. S. Jevons Money (1878) 51 In the course of time..[it] may be introduced.
1941 H. L. Mencken Diary 27 July (1989) 157 The Hollins street neighborhood is slowly going downhill, and in the course of time it is bound to be a slum.
1991 A. Hourani Hist. Arab Peoples ii. vii. 114 In course of time some dynasties came to accept all four madhhabs, or schools of law, as being equally valid.
2016 N. Shahar in A. Shiloah Performance of Jewish & Arab Music in Israel i. 28 In the course of time the Arad Festival became a magnet for secondary school students.
(c) in the course of things: according to normal or customary procedure, to be expected, in the natural or expected progress of events; after a period of time.
Π
1685 S. Patrick Paraphr. Eccles. (viii. 7) 206 in Paraphr. Eccles. & Song of Sol. For no man can be sure that the like opportunity will return again: future things being so much in the dark, that neither he, nor any one else can inform him what shall be hereafter; or when that will come, which in the course of things may probably be expected.
a1729 S. Clarke Sermons (1730) X. vii. 165 The natural Punishment therefore of a licentious and unbridled Tongue, is the Inconveniencies it is very apt to bring, in the course of things, upon the Person himself.
1793 Gentleman's Mag. Mar. 250/2 It is in the course of things..for states to shake from their foundations, when religion and law begin to fall into disrepute.
1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. I. i. 6 In the course of things men of other ideas came to rule.
1970 J. McPhee Crofter & Laird 6 The clansmen became tenants, and the chiefs, in the course of things, sold them out.
2015 Y. Toropov Jihadi (2016) xxii. 117 [He] ended up missing four straight days of work... He had warned each staff member privately that such an absence was possible, that this was in the course of things.
c. in course of: according to the usual or natural process of; (in later use chiefly) undergoing the process of (construction, publication, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [phrase] > in accordance with custom of society, group, or law
by course of1470
in course of1653
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as a habit or custom > according to the usual or natural course
by course of1470
by coursec1540
of course1542
on course1619
in course of1653
par for the course1947
a1656 Bp. J. Hall Shaking of Olive-tree (1660) i. 6 Which himself should in course of Nature inherit.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §320 No account being received in course of the post.
1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 186 A line is now in course of construction to the Hudson.
1866 A. Trollope Belton Estate III. i. 1 In course of post there came an answer.
1947 P. I. Smith Pract. Plastics iii. 39/1 There are, today, a number of nylon polymers in course of development.
1960 C. G. X. Henriques Laws Brit. Honduras I. xxi. 464 A company is in course of formation so soon as any act is done for the purpose of forming it.
2009 Amer. Music 27 302 His catalogue of Georges Auric's music and a four-volume edition of his writings on music are in course of publication.
†P2. out of course: out of proper order; in deviation from the natural or normal way; improperly, anomalously. Obsolete. [Compare Anglo-Norman hors de cours out of the ordinary, not routine (late 13th cent. or earlier).]
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > with impropriety [phrase]
out of coursec1330
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. iii. xviii. 114 Þis wit..haþ ofte many greues..and somtyme it passith out of cours [L. cursum suum egreditur].
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) (1996) ii. l. 5141 Þe pape sauh out of cours þe wikkednes of Ion.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry IV f. xxixv Master Jhon Petit..wrested scripture and doctors so far out of course.
1556 N. Grimald tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Duties ii. f. 85 He spake manie thinges notablie, but this, oute of course.
1720 London Jrnl. 12 Nov. 1/1 The Resurrection of Honesty and Industry can never be hop'd for, while this Sort of Vermin is suffered to crawl about.., putting every Thing out of Course.
1763 C. Churchill Author 7 All States and Statesmen are those mighty Things Which, howsoe'er they out of course may roll, Were never made for Poets to controul.
1800 J. Bidlake Virginia i. i. 5 Exercise feels not accordant spirits, Since things are grown so out of course.
P3.
a. by course.
†(a) According to the usual, proper, or customary process or procedure; according to the natural or expected progress of events; as a consequence; in due course. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as a habit or custom > according to the usual or natural course
by course of1470
by coursec1540
of course1542
on course1619
in course of1653
par for the course1947
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) l. 4994 (MED) Euery wilde dere a-store Hij mowen by cours ernen tofore.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 23 Moche sorowe for þe sight & sobbyng of teres..hom be course felle.
1549 H. Latimer 1st Serm. before Kynges Grace sig. Bviiv The kynges grace hath systers..whych by succession and course are inheritours to the crowne.
1600 W. Cornwallis Ess. I. i. sig. B7v So by course my lease might bee long.
1742 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 4) I. 78 That it may..not be violently forced into a high Fermentation; for then by Course the Salt and Sulphur will be too violently agitated.
1751 A. MacDowall Inst. Laws Scotl. Civil Rights 511 Another ordinary has, by course, the charge of preparing and making up the states in concluded causes.
†(b) By turns, in turn, alternately. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > change > alternation > [adverb]
changeablyc1384
alternately1432
interchangeably1483
handy-dandya1529
time about1537
by course1548
at (by) intervals1588
alternatively1591
reciprocally1603
by reprises1607
alternally1627
alterably1635
altern1667
alternate1715
by vicissitudes1749
alternatingly1845
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. ii. f. 27 And by course questioning with them.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) i. ii. sig. B6v They tooke their iourney..Claius & Strephon by course carying his chest for him.
1622 A. Sparrow Rationale Bk. Common Prayer (1661) 38 These Psalms we sing or say by course, The Priest one verse, and the people another.
1671 H. M. tr. Erasmus Colloquies 201 As though that could not be known which knows not again by course.
a1708 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 493 [To] sing to themselves or to another by course..or one after another.
1730 T. Boreman Descr. Three Hundred Animals 67 During the space of three-score Days, it lays every day an Egg; and within the like space of Time they are hatch'd into young Ones, by sitting or lying upon them by course, the Male one while and the Female another.
b. by course of: according to the customary procedure or process of (the law, nature, etc.). [Compare Anglo-Norman par cours de lei legally (1310 or earlier).]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [phrase] > in accordance with custom of society, group, or law
by course of1470
in course of1653
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as a habit or custom > according to the usual or natural course
by course of1470
by coursec1540
of course1542
on course1619
in course of1653
par for the course1947
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (1872) l. 892 Dampned was this knyght for to be deed By cours of lawe.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) II. 805 And so by course of kynde he slepte.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. i. 26984 Concord wes maid be cours of commoun law.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) v. i. 35 Cut off by course of Iustice. View more context for this quotation
1658 T. Willsford Natures Secrets 198 They..yet expect a pardon by course of Law.
1761 J. Burgh Art of Speaking 40 A life, which will soon, by course of nature, be extinct.
1886 C. Collett Man. Law of Torts (ed. 6) iii. 136 If one in possession of immoveable property is dispossessed otherwise than by course of law, he may..sue to recover possession.
1980 L. Caplan in J. L. Watson Asian & Afr. Syst. Slavery vii. 173 All slaves coming into the possession of the state by course of law were ordered to be set free.
P4. course and recourse: opportunity to go and return; movement back and forth; coming and going. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] > movement back and forth
course and recourse1461
backing and filling1777
come-and-go1794
to and fro1847
toing and froing1847
va-et-vient1919
?1461–2 Hist. MSS Comm.: Rep. Rec. City of Exeter (1916) (modernized text) 390 in Parl. Papers (Cd. 7640) XXXIII. 399 The Water of the Exe..ought to be common to the inhabitants of the said City to fish in and to have course and recourse with their boates, vessells, shyppes and marchandisez.
1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII c. 5 That the dere may haue course and recourse into the ground.
1583 R. Robinson tr. Aunc. Order Prince Arthure xxxv. sig. F2v Dispaching eke with speede By course and recourse to and fro, What so he had decreed.
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Britain i. 71 In their courses and recourses [they] observe a warlike kind of motion round.
1653 T. Gataker Vindic. Annot. Jer. 10.2 169 [He] delivered the set time of the Suns course and recourse from tropik to tropik.
1694 W. Holder Treat. Harmony ix. 193 Tune..by Slowness more Grave: in Proportion to the Measure of Courses and Recourses.
1799 C. H. Wilkinson Anal. Course Lect. Princ. Nat. Philos. 163 It is requisite that the string should be in concord with the other, in order that its vibrations should have their course and recourse similar.
1941 S. Sprigge tr. B. Croce Hist. as Story of Liberty ii. ii. 82 The Italian Vico..allowed himself to be oppressed by the idea of ‘course’ and ‘recourse’ as a law of nature imposed upon history.
2004 Chicago Rev. 50 No. 2–4. 89 Miller has described Catullus's poem sequences as..a multi-layered garden of forking paths enacted and enabled by the courses and recourses traced by the multi-directional roaming of each reader's reading, memory, and consciousness.
P5. of course. [Compare Anglo-Norman de cours routine (1260 or earlier).]
a. As adverbial phrase: in due course; according to the usual, expected, or customary order or process; as a natural result. †of common course: ordinarily, as an everyday occurrence (obsolete).In later use often indistinguishable from sense Phrases 5c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as a habit or custom > according to the usual or natural course
by course of1470
by coursec1540
of course1542
on course1619
in course of1653
par for the course1947
1533 T. More Debellacyon Salem & Bizance ii. xv. f. xvv Who so euer be aferde, may desyre & haue surety for the peace, yf he fere him self of his lyfe or bodyly harme, & may aske it of course vpon his othe as soone as he is aferd.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward V f. ixv A pardon..which either is graunted of course, or ye kyng of pytee and compassion geueth.
1657 P. Heylyn Ecclesia Vindicata ii. 472 That not once or twice, but of common course.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 207 No man presuming to intimate, that it should be granted in any other manner than of course it had been.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. vi. 234 Information..is by no means always given us of Course.
1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra I. Ded. p. iv To dissolve the present parliament a year or two before it expires of course.
1845 H. J. Stephen New Comm. Laws Eng. II. 391 It was at one time made a question whether giving the royal assent to a single bill did not of course put an end to the session.
a1876 H. Martineau Autobiogr. (1877) (ed. 2) I. iv. 401 Let them be educated,..and all that is wanted or ought to be desired will follow of course.
b. As adjectival phrase: belonging to the usual or ordinary procedure; typical of the way of the world; customary; natural, to be expected; (of a word, phrase, etc.) formulaic, conventional.Now chiefly in matter of course n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as a habit or custom > belonging to the usual or natural course
of course1541
1541–2 Act 33 Henry VIII c. 22 §7 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 861 With other clauses of course necessarie for the same.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 31v The friendshippe betweene man and man as it is common so is it of course.
1642 J. March Argument Militia 19 It will be said, that the Writ..is a formed Writ, on a Writ of course..and that from this there is no varying.
1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 109. ⁋3 Their Congratulations and Condoleances are equally Words of Course.
1795 A. Hughes Jemima II. 87 You profess a wish to oblige me, said Rosina; if only words of course, I beg you will spare my ear.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) II. 88 A case in which this right is supported, as a thing of course.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Speech in Misc. Writings (1889) 749 I am not using a mere phrase of course, when I say, etc.
1873 A. Trollope Eustace Diamonds I. ix. 112 ‘I should like you to call and see her either today or tomorrow.’ ‘That's of course.’
1908 M. Annesley Wine of Life ii. xiii. 134 ‘Oh!’ she exclaimed briskly.., ‘that's of course. But people will talk, you know; one can never prevent them.’
1988 Times 15 Feb. 33/2 It was common practice in the district registry concerned for extensions to be granted on ex parte applications more or less as of course.
c. Used to qualify a clause, statement, reply, etc.: naturally, as might be expected; for obvious reasons, obviously.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > of course, certainly [phrase]
to iwissea1000
mid iwissea1000
in wisc1000
to wis(se)c1000
without(en (any) weenc1175
sans fail1297
thereof no strife1297
but werea1300
forouten werea1300
out of werea1300
without werea1300
without deceit1303
for certainc1320
it is to wittingc1320
withouten carec1320
without nayc1330
without noc1330
without (but out of) dread1340
no doubtc1380
without distancec1390
no fresea1400
out of doubta1400
without doubta1400
for, (in, at obs.), of, to (a) certaintyc1400
withouten stance14..
hazel woods shakea1413
of, on, in warrantisec1440
sure enough?1440
without question?1440
wythout diswerec1440
without any dispayrec1470
for (also of) a surety?a1475
in (also for) surenessa1475
of certainc1485
without any (also all) naya1500
out of question?1526
past question?1526
for sure1534
what else1540
beyond (also out of, past, without) (all) peradventure1542
to be a bidden by1549
out of (also without) all cry1565
with a witness1579
upon my word1591
no question1594
out of all suspicion1600
for a certain1608
without scruple1612
to be sure1615
that's pos1710
in course1722
beyond (all) question1817
(and) no mistake1818
no two ways about it (also that)1818
of course1823
bien entendu1844
yessiree1846
you bet you1857
make no mistake1876
acourse1883
sans doute1890
how are you?1918
you bet your bippy1968
1790 C. Smith Let. 22 Aug. in Coll. Lett. (2003) 28 I am of course very unwilling..to send an hurried or incorrect performance abroad.
1792 W. Bligh Voy. to South Sea 254 I had an invitation..which, of course, I was obliged to decline.
1823 J. D. Hunter Mem. Captivity 39 She made some very particular inquiries about my people, which, of course, I was unable to answer.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 404 It would be easy, of course, to exaggerate this truth of the continuity of history into a falsehood.
1957 A. Huxley Lett. (1969) 839 It may turn out, of course, that the experts are right and that their play is better.
1999 Daily Nation (Nairobi) 19 Nov. (Your Weekender Mag.) 2/4 As we hurried back to the lodge, we spotted the hyena, the ugly wildebeest,..and of course the gazelle.
2018 U. Aduba in A. Ferrera Amer. like Me 272 I used to hate the prominent gap between my top front teeth. Of course, kids made fun of me for it.
d. In exclamatory use, as an emphatic affirmative: yes, certainly; obviously. Also expressing realization or discovery. Frequently with yes, yeah, oh, ah, why, etc. Also with not as an emphatic negative.See also 'course adv.2
Π
1817 M. Edgeworth Ormond in Harrington & Ormond II. xviii. 408 ‘They are so near, I shall see them every day.’ ‘Of course,’ said Sir Ulick.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxxiii. 251 ‘You will tell her I am here?’..‘Of course.’
1891 Chambers's Jrnl. 10 Oct. 645/2 ‘He's been travelling a long while.’ ‘Yes, of course,’ assented Mr Drew.
1919 ‘C. Dane’ Legend 43 One never knew what Madala would do next, and yet when she'd done it, one said—‘Of course! Just what Madala would do!’
1957 R. Downing All change Here (2000) xviii. 154 ‘Jonah, aren't you taking a hell of a risk?’ ‘Of course. We all are.’
1975 L. Garfield Prisoners of Sept. ii. xv. 135 Of course! Now it dawns on him. They are with him because there is nowhere else for them to go.
1977 J. Lees-Milne Diary 14 Dec. in Through Wood & Dale (2001) 217 When I asked Peggy Ashcroft if she was ever moved to tears by her own recitations, she said, with some acerbity, ‘Of course not. Never.’
2015 New Yorker 20 Apr. 58/3 I asked Ilasaca if he made payments to Awicha. ‘Of course,’ he said.
P6. on (also upon) course.
†a. In adverbial phrase: in due course; according to the usual, expected, or customary order or process; as a natural result. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > in habitual or customary use [phrase] > as a habit or custom > according to the usual or natural course
by course of1470
by coursec1540
of course1542
on course1619
in course of1653
par for the course1947
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iii. x. 300 The tide withdrawing vpon course, during the skirmish.
1626 T. Aylesbury Passion Serm. 24 Thus Pilate..is desirous that Christ might be pardoned upon course.
1677 tr. A.-N. Amelot de La Houssaie Hist. Govt. Venice 7 When that is held, the rest do cease on course, as formerly all the Courts in Rome did during their Comitia.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 16. ¶3 When I see the Name Cœlia..at the Bottom of a Scrawl, I conclude on course that it brings me some account of a fallen Virgin.
b. With for or an infinitive: (with reference to the movement of a vessel or an aircraft) following the intended route towards a specified destination; proceeding towards a specified destination. In later use chiefly figurative or in extended use: (esp. with reference to a person's activity, etc.) making progress towards something; likely to achieve a specified goal; heading for a particular outcome or situation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress [phrase] > making good progress
on or upon course1981
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress [phrase] > making good progress > towards specific end
on or upon course1981
?1884 Spanish National Cables (India Rubber, Gutta Percha, & Telegr. Works Co.) II. 559 Set on easy ahead to get ship on course for buoy.
1940 Flying Mag. Aug. 68/3 On course for Phoenix, the lonely Desert Peak appeared in the middle of the desert.
1969 Parl. Deb. 5th Ser. 792 869 In our forward planning we must ensure that we are on course to reach the targets we believe to be important.
1981 Times 6 Nov. 19/5 The Government is still on course for an estimated PSBR of £10,500m.
1996 Japan Times 29 Apr. 18/6 Underdog Bradford had looked on course for one of the great upsets as it led 26–12 following Paul's second try in the 53rd minute.
2013 Daily Tel. 9 Aug. 23/1 As the Prime Minister said, bovine TB is on course to become a billion-pound problem.
c. Of a vessel or an aircraft: (proceeding) in the direction set; following the intended route. In later use also figurative or in extended use: (esp. with reference to a person's activity, etc.) making progress towards something; likely to achieve a specified goal; heading for a particular outcome or situation.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > on course [phrase]
on or upon course1948
1916 Internat. Ice Observ. & Patrol Service (U.S. Coast Guard) 17 Continued on course throughout the day.
1946 Aircraft Instruments (U.S. War Dept.) 148/2 When the airplane is ‘on course’, each wiper is on the middle of its pot and no signal is set up.
1964 F. Chichester Lonely Sea & Sky xii. 132 If the compass showed that the plane was on course afterwards, then the correct drift was in fact seven and a half degrees.
1981 Times 16 Nov. 11/4 On October 1..numbers were down by 52,000. In other words we were exactly on course.
1997 J. Ryan Dismantling Mr Doyle xi. 143 Over the months that followed, Eve battle with doubts about her ability to keep Mary on course.
2010 Trav. & Tourism (ed. 2) 98 Most of the time a large commercial jet is in the air, it is actually being flown on autopilot.., making adjustments to keep it on course.
P7. to let nature take its course and variants: to allow things to happen, develop, or decline naturally, without intervening or influencing the outcome.
Π
1662 G. Torriano 2nd Alphabet Proverbial Phrases 2/1 Lasciar andar l'acqua alla china, ô alla valle, to let water go down wards, or into the valley, viz. to let nature take its course.
1724 J. Trenchard & T. Gordon Cato's Lett. III. 124 She [sc. Queen Elizabeth I]..by encouraging Trade, and leittng [sic] Nature take its Course, still encreas'd the Peoples Wealth and Power.
1843 Mother's Med. Adviser (new ed.) 35 No time should be lost in lancing the gums immediately that any urgent symptoms arise,..otherwise it is best to let Nature take its course.
1897 M. Kingsley Trav. W. Afr. 653 They'll let nature take its course if they don't feel keen on a man surviving.
1971 Revenue Act 1971: Hearings before U.S. Senate Finance Comm. (92nd Congr., 1st Sess.) i. 64 What I object to..about the program is that it proceeds upon the theory..that it is perfectly alright to let nature take its course where the money lenders are concerned, but where everybody else is concerned it is not alright to let nature take its course, we are going to freeze their wages, freeze their price.
1998 Univ. Oxf. Bot. Garden News Autumn 3/1 The park is burnt in blocks since this enables the ecologists to control the fire rather than allowing nature to take its course when there is a risk that the fires may get out of control.
2004 Nat. Health Nov. 89/2 Taking antidiarrhoeal products may interfere with your body's ability to fight the infection, so let nature take its course, unless your doctor recommends otherwise.
P8. course to steer: the direction towards which a ship or aircraft is to be steered (cf. sense A. 13a(a)); (now) spec. that which will achieve the intended course of travel having taken into account the effects of tide, wind, etc.; cf. compass course n.In early use probably not as a fixed collocation.
Π
1811 J. Horsburgh Direct. Sailing E. Indies II. 285 The course is S.W. to Pulo Sapata, but from having soundings on that bank, or being in its latitude, the best course to steer is S.W.½S. until in the parallel of Pulo Sapata; and if then it is not seen, steer S.W. by W.
1932 Motor Boating May 84/1 This table..does not give the pilot a ready table of deviations to apply to magnetic courses to determine the courses to steer.
1961 Radarman 3 & 2 (U.S. Bureau Naval Personnel) I. xii. 184/1 The friendly planes can make the interception at about 30..miles away. This can be done only if the air controller gives the friendly planes the correct course to steer.
2002 L. Misner No More Mondays iii. 122 With our typical 6-knot speed forward combined with the 2-knot stream current, Tom calculated we would be pushed northward by 30 miles. To compensate, he set our course to steer southward 20 degrees off line.
P9. the course of true love never did run smooth: see true love n. Phrases 1.

Compounds

coursebook n. a textbook designed for use in a particular course of study.
ΘΠ
society > communication > book > kind of book > textbook or book of instructions > [noun]
handbookOE
doctrinalc1450
directory1543
school1545
instruction book1546
companion1621
body1647
tutor1665
self-instructor1700
tutorer1702
preceptorc1710
textbook1779
self-instructer1800
bench book1887
user guide1936
user manual1936
text1955
1854 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Dec. 662/1 No cadet can get his commission without having passed over a considerable extent of scientific ground. Their course-books are open to public examination.
1905 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 15 184 The Jewish Chautauqua Society, which instituted and fostered this plan, has published systematic course-books or syllabuses, containing outlines for Bible Readings.
2012 C. Macpherson Pictures at Exhib. i. 34 She was sure she had seen a picture before that had looked just like this one, in a GCSE coursebook probably.
course clearer n. originally Horse Racing a person who clears the course before or after a race.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > [noun] > official
starter1622
course-clearer1897
1820 Norfolk. Chron. & Norwich Gaz. 5 Aug. It is requested that all horsemen, except the course clearers, will keep withoutside the ropes.
1927 Devon & Exeter Gaz. 6 Sept. 2/3 Mr. Jim Rowe was starter and course clearer.
2013 @tobymorris 17 Aug. in twitter.com (accessed 4 May 2022) Up and ready to have a go at the Woodcote trail ride. Just hope I'm not the chap cycling along with the course clearers.
course correct v. chiefly North American intransitive to make changes to a process based on new information in order to improve it, esp. while the process is taking place; (also transitive) to make changes to (a process, approach, etc.) in this way.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > provide a remedy [verb (intransitive)] > reform
reform1480
the world > action or operation > amending > put right [verb (transitive)] > reform
reform1409
1986 Billboard 29 Nov. 34/3 Do it, course correct; do it better, course correct.
2006 PR Newswire US (Nexis) 14 Nov. The latest release..will give us an immediate pulse on our performance at the individual, branch, and regional levels—alerting us to what is working and where we need to course correct.
2011 CNN Wire (Nexis) 12 July [The recession] jolted the American public to think more seriously about their future and forced them to course-correct their savings and debt approach.
2015 Time 2 Feb. 47/3 Things don't always go according to plan, so you have to have the courage and agility to course correct.
course correction n. (a) a change to the current course of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle to ensure that it is redirected towards the intended destination, esp. when it has moved off course due to wind, current, collision avoidance, etc.; (also) the action or process of changing a course for this reason; (b) (figurative) a change made to a process based on new information in order to improve it, esp. while the process is taking place; (also) the action or process of making such changes.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > amending > [noun]
rightingOE
mendmentc1300
amendment1340
correction1340
amendinga1382
mendinga1400
rectificationa1400
mendnessa1425
redress1448
addressment1481
redressa1529
remedying1547
redub1549
restauration1560
correcting1580
rightening1583
emendation1586
restitution1636
cure1675
reform1700
readjustment1749
remediation1794
redressal1800
redressment1822
the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] > instance of
redress1578
correctivea1676
revision1800
amends1888
1860 Jrnl. Royal United Service Instit. 3 101 Mr. A. Smith's straight-line method will also be found a simple and convenient plan for..making the ‘course’ corrections.
1929 Pop. Mech. July 3/1 The ground operator located the position of the plane and reported back that it was five miles south of its course, [and] gave the course correction to get back in line to the airport.
1974 J. L. Bullard Let. 4 Oct. in G. Bennett & K. A. Hamilton Documents Brit. Policy Overseas (2001) 3rd Ser. III. iii. 347 Soviet policy has carried out a course correction in recent weeks.
1997 G. L. Snead & J. Wycoff To do doing Done 198 Weekly project review meetings give you a chance to make minor course corrections and identify problems before they become disasters.
2012 Times of India (Nexis) 5 Oct. Always be nimble and ready to adapt... I have to constantly watch out for occasions that may require course correction, no matter how much planning I put into something.
2017 M. Rosen tr. P. Mercurio Procyon Shattered (e-book, accessed 16 Aug. 2022) Steering was accomplished by simple reactors whose jets..enabled takeoff and course correction.
course credit n. a unit of academic credit awarded upon successful completion of a course, a specified accumulation of which can be used to graduate, enrol in a higher-level course, etc.; also (as mass noun) the acknowledgement of successful completion of such a course.
ΘΠ
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > point or credit
credit1862
unit1894
point1903
1894 Cincinnati Commerc. Gaz. 31 Mar. 16/4 Every student is permitted to take three studies each semester, and each completed semester's work is called a course credit.
1940 Eng. Jrnl. 29 466 The principal of the high school encouraged the development of plans and offered to give regular course credit to students who completed the work satisfactorily.
2017 Guardian (Nexis) 15 Apr. A raft of universities now allow Mooc course credits to count towards their final degree, with the UK's Open University and the University of Leeds two of the latest examples to make the leap.
course dinner n. a dinner consisting of several courses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > main meal or dinner
mealeOE
dinnerc1325
dinea1425
Christmas dinner1581
Sunday dinner1602
corporation dinner1732
Russian dinner1805
boiled dinner1823
pickup1848
Robin Dinner1877
course-dinner1895
shore dinner1895
din-din1905
gala dinner1934
TV dinner1952
working dinner1956
steak dinnera1964
1884 Christian Union (N.Y.) 6 Nov. 446/3 You can..use it in the same way for the fish in a course dinner or for supper.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 16 Mar. 10/2 Mr. Kipling was able to sit up in bed last evening, and to partake of a course dinner.
1969 C. Truax Weekend Chef (new ed.) ii. viii. 179 I will be folding the last-minute tomato wedges into a big tossed raw vegetable salad, which I have deliberately made more all-embracing than the green salad I would choose for a course dinner.
course end n. Campanology a sequence or row of bells marking the end of a course (cf. sense A. 27).
ΚΠ
1702 J. D. & C. M. Campanalogia Improved (ed. 4) 143 The Method to call this Peal is..Bob at every Course end the Half-hunt comes home into her Place again.
1883 Birmingham Daily Post 19 Oct. 7 The peal has the tenors together throughout, and is in six parts with 120 ‘course ends’.
1986 R. Johnston Bell-ringing v. 160 In Major..it is considered desirable not to part 7 and 8, so that they are always together at the rear of the row at a course-end.
course indicator n. an instrument or device for determining the course of a vessel, an aircraft, etc.In quot. 1869 apparently an index of the planned course.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > navigational aids > [noun] > other instruments indicating course or leeway
derivometer1842
dromoscope1875
course-indicator1900
1869 Jrnl. Royal United Service Inst. 12 69 The idea of the course-indicator is to prevent mistakes in the courses given, so that the helmsman may have as it were, a fixed index pointing out to him the course ordered.
1900 Westm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 10/2 An absolutely correct magnetic course indicator.
1991 Instrument Flying 2 July 43/2 Appearance of the course warning flag indicates that the course indicator is not receiving a signal strong enough for reliable navigation information.
course load n. the amount of coursework expected to be done by a person or group in a course; the workload involved in this.
Π
1937 Greeley (Colorado) Daily Tribune 17 Feb. 2/3 The new plan sets the maximum course load at 12 hours per quarter for those working on master's degree.
2013 S. Sotomayor My Beloved World 129 My adviser approved my course load without question.
course pack n. a set of supplementary materials for a course, series of lectures, etc., originally in the form of photocopied documents or other printed information, and now often in a digital format.
Π
1980 Guardian 22 July 11/5 Other rainy day possibilities include..films, tapes and slides, and course packs on topics like traffic education.
1998 Bookseller 19 June 9/2 Our first aim will be the deployment of printed course packs.
2021 Huron Expositor (Seaforth, Ont.) (Nexis) 10 Mar. a2 The first digital resource approved for schools in Ontario, the course pack was developed in partnership with a team of educators from Bayfield Design.
course record n. the best officially recorded performance at a particular course in a competitive sport.
ΘΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > [noun] > that which surpasses others of the same kind
record1860
best1874
high1899
1883 Liverpool Mercury 15 Mar. 5/3 The men in the Oxford boat..did the full distance of as the race in 19 minutes 15 seconds, which is faster than any full course record by 15 to seconds.]
1886 Columbus (Georgia) Enquirer-Sun 14 Sept. 1/6 The struggle was desperate and the time of the winner ten seconds shorter than the course record.
1892 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 20 Aug. 7/2 (heading) Course record broken by the victorious Circe in a pretty race.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 3 Feb. 36/2 Two Ford GT40s broke a course record and grabbed the pole positions for this weekend's 24 Hours of Daytona.
2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 31 Jan. (Sport section) 25 His round would represent a course record but for winter rules being in place.
course-setting sight n. Aeronautics (now historical) a sighting device which can be used to set an aircraft's course; esp. (more fully course-setting bomb sight) a kind of bomb sight; cf. sight n.1 14b.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > action of flying (in) aircraft > navigation of course of aircraft > [noun] > by observation of stars > sight or fix
course-setting sight1922
astro-fix1941
astro sight1943
astro shot1946
1918 HS-1L Flying Boat Handbk. (U.S. Navy Dept.) 12 (table) 1 Wimperis course-setting bomb sight.
1920 H. E. Wimperis Primer Air Navigation iii. 41 The drift indicator used will depend on the machine, the choice lying between:—1. The ‘aero bearing plate’ (for vertical observations). 2. The ‘wind gauge bearing plate’ (for tail observations). 3. The ‘course setting sight’ (for forward observations).
1940 Illustr. London News 197 219/2 The latest type bomb-sights in use in the R.A.F. may not be described, but the type illustrated gives a good idea of how a course-setting sight is operated.
2006 J. J. Abbatiello Anti-submarine Warfare World War I i. 32 Trials in..Handley Page night bombers demonstrated that the Course Setting sight was ‘extremely simple to operate’, but required close cooperation between the observer, who worked the sight, and the pilot, who steered the aircraft by his partner's commands.
† course-stone n. Obsolete one of a course or series of stones (cf. sense A. 22a).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > stone or rock > [noun] > building stone > stone for other specific building use > piece of
pendant1474
vault-stone1480
table stone1554
course-stone1610
rustic1797
arch-stone1828
courser1885
1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Britain i. 252 Stones called Corsestones, Weighing 12 tunne.
1665 J. Webb Vindic. Stone-Heng Restored 17 He sets down..twelve Tun unto his Course stones, and six or seven to his Cronets over them.
coursework n. work performed during a course; spec. work that counts towards a student's final mark or grade, typically in addition to assessment by formal examinations.
ΚΠ
1892 Overland Monthly Mar. 310/2 If..the term divisions did harm they could be abolished and what might be called ‘course work’ substituted; that is, students might be required to go through a certain set of exercises in each kind of work and attain a certain proficiency therein before the next is taken up.
1895 Sibley Jrnl. Engin. 9 129 A review of the work of the departments shows most encouraging..advances..in forms and results of course-work.
1977 Audubon May 117/2 (advt.) Graduate program in Environmental Studies combines course work and internship..leading to Masters in Science Teaching.
2014 Daily Tel. 1 Oct. 18/3 Teenagers are cheating by paying essay-writing companies up to £220 for A-level coursework.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2022).

coursev.

Brit. /kɔːs/, U.S. /kɔrs/
Forms: Also Middle English cours, 1500s cource, cowrsse, coarse.
Etymology: < course n. in various senses, giving verbal senses unconnected with each other.
1. To pursue or hunt (game) with hounds; spec. to hunt (hares) with greyhounds in view (not by scent): see coursing n.1
a. transitive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > hunt with hounds [verb (transitive)] > course game
course1550
1550 J. Coke Deb. Heraldes Eng. & Fraunce sig. Avv Falow dere, wylde bores, and wolues for noble men to course.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. i. f. 2v As it hadde byn hares courced with grehoundes.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxv. 98 To hunt a hare, & course a hart.
1771 E. Long Trial Dog ‘Porter’ in Hone II. 209 He'll never course hares again.
1870 Blaine's Encycl. Rural Sports (rev. ed.) v. 551 The animals which were coursed by the ancients were of very different kinds, such as the wild ass, the stag, the mountain goat, the wolf, jackal, boar, fox, hare, etc.
b. absol.
ΚΠ
1568 Newe Comedie Iacob & Esau v. i. sig. F.ijv He coursed and coursed again with his dogges here.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. ii. 46 Say thou wilt course, thy gray-hounds are as swift As breathed Stags. View more context for this quotation
1637 N. Whiting Le Hore di Recreatione 32 He bowled, coursed, angled in the brooke, His pleasure was his joy.
1841 C. J. Lever Charles O'Malley xxiii She hunted with Smith Barry's hounds..she coursed, practised at a mark with a pistol.
c. transitive. to course away.
ΚΠ
1812 S. Rogers Voy. Columbus (rev. ed.) iii. 16 With hawk and hound I coursed away the hour.
2. transitive. To chase, pursue, run after.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > pursue
followOE
driveOE
to go after ——OE
to come after——c1275
pursuec1300
suec1300
catcha1325
chasec1330
enchasec1380
to pursue aftera1387
ensuea1513
subsecute1548
prosecute1549
jass1577
course1587
to make after ——a1592
scorse1596
chevya1825
to take out after1865
shag1913
1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 135/2 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II Sir John Perot..so coursed and followed them,..that he left him no one place to rest in.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 39 The big round teares Cours'd one another downe his innocent nose In pitteous chase. View more context for this quotation
1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 44 Some coursing butterflies; others culling flowers.
1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere xvi. 133 Inky banks of clouds..coursed each other rapidly across the pale stormy blue of the heavens.
†3. To pursue, persecute, worry, trouble. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > harass [verb (transitive)]
tawc893
ermec897
swencheOE
besetOE
bestandc1000
teenOE
baitc1175
grieve?c1225
war?c1225
noyc1300
pursuec1300
travailc1300
to work (also do) annoyc1300
tribula1325
worka1325
to hold wakenc1330
chase1340
twistc1374
wrap1380
cumbera1400
harrya1400
vexc1410
encumber1413
inquiet1413
molest?a1425
course1466
persecutec1475
trouble1489
sturt1513
hare1523
hag1525
hale1530
exercise1531
to grate on or upon1532
to hold or keep waking1533
infest1533
scourge1540
molestate1543
pinch1548
trounce1551
to shake upa1556
tire1558
moila1560
pester1566
importune1578
hunt1583
moider1587
bebait1589
commacerate1596
bepester1600
ferret1600
harsell1603
hurry1611
gall1614
betoil1622
weary1633
tribulatea1637
harass1656
dun1659
overharry1665
worry1671
haul1678
to plague the life out of1746
badger1782
hatchel1800
worry1811
bedevil1823
devil1823
victimize1830
frab1848
mither1848
to pester the life out of1848
haik1855
beplague1870
chevy1872
obsede1876
to get on ——1880
to load up with1880
tail-twist1898
hassle1901
heckle1920
snooter1923
hassle1945
to breathe down (the back of) (someone's) neck1946
to bust (a person's) chops1953
noodge1960
monster1967
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > persecute
seekc825
baitc1175
war?c1225
pursuec1300
chase1340
course1466
persecutea1475
suea1500
pickc1550
pursuit1563
prosecute1588
exagitate1602
dragoon1689
harass1788
martyr1851
dragonnade1881
witch-hunt1919
vamp1970
1466 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 17 To make prossis against my Coussin Godfrey, to bring the issues and profits that he hath received..and else to cours him from day to day.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iii. xi. 96 [He] coursed and troubled [L. agitare] the Commons, and persecuted the Tribunes as it were with open warre.
†4. To chase or drive with blows; hence, to drub, trounce, thrash. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > corporal punishment > administer corporal punishment [verb (transitive)] > beat
threshOE
beatc1000
to lay on?c1225
chastise1362
rapa1400
dressc1405
lack?c1475
paya1500
currya1529
coil1530
cuff1530
baste1533
thwack1533
lick1535
firka1566
trounce1568
fight1570
course1585
bumfeage1589
feague1589
lamback1589
lambskin1589
tickle1592
thrash1593
lam1595
bumfeagle1598
comb1600
fer1600
linge1600
taw1600
tew1600
thrum1604
feeze1612
verberate1614
fly-flap1620
tabor1624
lambaste1637
feak1652
flog1676
to tan (a person's) hide1679
slipper1682
liquora1689
curry-comb1708
whack1721
rump1735
screenge1787
whale1790
lather1797
tat1819
tease1819
larrup1823
warm1824
haze1825
to put (a person) through a course of sprouts1839
flake1841
swish1856
hide1875
triangle1879
to give (a person or thing) gyp1887
soak1892
to loosen (a person's) hide1902
the world > movement > progressive motion > order of movement > following behind > follow [verb (transitive)] > pursue > with hostility or violence > with blows
course1585
1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. ii. 28 Hee bestirred him with his whip, coursed those symoniacall choppers and chaungers.
1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epitome C iv b Let me take you againe in such a pranck, and ile course you.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. iv. sig. P6v That mighty yron man, With his strange weapon..Them sorely vext, and courst, and ouerran. View more context for this quotation
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Accommoder..also, to course, beat, cudgell.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues at Robbe He courst his coat or Jacket soundly.
5.
a. intransitive. To run or gallop about, to run as in a race, to career; also transferred of liquids, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (intransitive)]
runeOE
flowa1000
fledec1175
farea1325
yern1340
fleamc1465
coursea1533
cool1545
roll1697
spend1735
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride a horse (or other animal) [verb (intransitive)] > ride rapidly > at a gallop
wallopc1440
gallop1523
to ride (a) gallop1523
coursea1533
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [verb (intransitive)] > gallop
wallop?a1400
gallopc1515
coursea1533
to course it1633
to be stretched out at a gallop1890
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. F.viij A trumpettour, that coursed as a knyght vpon a horse.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales xii. viii. 165 Caractacus coursing hither & thither.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet i. v. 66 Swift as quicksiluer it courses through The naturall gates and allies of the body. View more context for this quotation
1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland xxvii. 125 To course through Woods and Mountains.
1735 W. Somervile Chace i. 187 In wanton Rings Coursing around..The merry multitude disporting play.
1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller I. 266 Coursing like a colt across its lawns.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. x. 140 Raising her hand to her face to wipe off the tears that were coursing down her cheeks.
figurative.1842 Ld. Tennyson Gardener's Daughter in Poems (new ed.) II. 29 We spoke of other things; we coursed about The subject most at heart.
†b. to course it: in same sense. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by speed or gait > [verb (intransitive)] > gallop
wallop?a1400
gallopc1515
coursea1533
to course it1633
to be stretched out at a gallop1890
1633 G. Herbert Sinnes Round in Temple i Sorrie I am, That my offences course it in a ring.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 103 She [sc. the Mole] courses it not on the Ground like a Rat or Mouse, but lives under the Earth.
†c. figurative. To ‘run’ over or through successively a number of particulars, writings, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > enquiry > investigation, inspection > investigate, examine [verb (transitive)] > look through, examine
oversee1348
searcha1387
laita1400
overlooka1400
to look overc1400
to run through ——c1449
oversearch1532
overview1549
tumble1597
coursea1616
perquest1892
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) i. iii. 58 She did so course o're my exteriors with such a greedy intention. View more context for this quotation
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 21 It were tedious to course through all his writings.
1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 262 After they have coursed through all Sciences, and literate Enquiries.
6. intransitive. To steer or direct one's course; to take or pursue a particular course.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)]
thinkeOE
bowa1000
seta1000
scritheOE
minlOE
turnc1175
to wend one's wayc1225
ettlec1275
hieldc1275
standc1300
to take (the) gatec1330
bear?c1335
applyc1384
aim?a1400
bend1399
hita1400
straighta1400
bounc1400
intendc1425
purposec1425
appliquec1440
stevenc1440
shape1480
make1488
steera1500
course1555
to make out1558
to make in1575
to make for ——a1593
to make forth1594
plyc1595
trend1618
tour1768
to lie up1779
head1817
loop1898
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. iii. f. 61v Coursynge alonge by all the coastes and goulfes.
a1731 D. Defoe New Voy. round World (1787) III. 214 They took the southernmost channel..and thus they coursed for three or four days.
1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 134/2 The Roman roads that coursed from Mancunium to the neighbouring stations.
1823 J. D. Hunter Mem. Captivity 32 We..then coursed down a considerable stream.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xlv. 419 We coursed more than the third of a mile in almost a direct line.
†7.
a. intransitive. To run a course (in a fight or tournament). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > jousting or tilting > joust or tilt [verb (intransitive)] > actions
uttera1578
career1594
course1596
to break across-
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iv. sig. D6v So as they courst, and turneyd here and theare. View more context for this quotation
†b. Oxford University. To oppose a thesis in the Schools. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > debate publicly [verb (intransitive)] > oppose a thesis
opposea1393
course1660
oppugn1714
1660 [implied in: A. Wood Life & Times (1891) I. 353 In Oliver's time..excellent disputations and much zealous coursing. (at coursing n.1 3)].
1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses I. 479 He did with as much facility course (or oppose his Antagonist) in the publick Schools, as in Latine.
8.
a. transitive. [ < 5.] To run or move swiftly over (a place) or along (a particular path).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > cause to move swiftly [verb (transitive)] > move swiftly over
overspinnera1522
fly1589
overpost1600
course1793
career1830
the world > matter > liquid > liquid flow > action or process of flowing > flow [verb (transitive)] > about or over surface of
berunOE
overflowc1175
course1838
1793 W. Wordsworth Evening Walk 21 In thoughtless gaiety I coursed the plain.
1838 R. Southey Thalaba (ed. 4) vi. xxvii, in Poet. Wks. IV. 232 Tears coursed his burning cheek.
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. iv. 117 Fauns..tired With coursing the wide pastures.
b. To follow the course of. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct (one's course, steps, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > follow (a path or course) > follow the course of (a stream)
course1823
1823 J. D. Hunter Mem. Captivity 66 We proceeded onward, coursing occasionally the streams, and then crossing one range of hills after another.
9. causal. To cause to run, exercise in running; to give (a horse) a run; to use (greyhounds) in coursing.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > ride (a horse) rapidly
runc1275
start1488
course1569
career1829
society > travel > transport > riding on horse (or other animal) > ride (a horse or other animal) [verb (transitive)] > ride (a horse) rapidly > give (a horse) a run for exercise
course1569
sweat1740
the world > food and drink > hunting > hunting with hounds > hunt with hounds [verb (transitive)] > course hounds
course1589
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 534 She would course horses, and ride them to water.
1589 J. Jane in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations iii. 791 Some of the Mariners went on shore to course dogs.
1684 R. Howlett School Recreat. 29 Course not your Horse hard 4 or 5 Days before your Match.
a1819 J. Wolcot Wks. I. 19 The greyhound ye desired to course.
1868 J. E. T. Rogers Man. Polit. Econ. (ed. 3) ii. 10 Two grey-hounds will run down more hares, if they course in unison, than if they are coursed separately.
†10. figurative. To turn over in one's mind. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xl. viii. 1064 He walked up and downe alone..coursing and discoursing [L. volutans] many matters in his head.
†11. To put through a course (of physic). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > [verb (transitive)] > subject to course of treatment
course1773
put1829
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 42 You have been dosing me ever since I was born..you have thoughts of coursing me through Quincy next spring.
12. Mining. (See quot. 1849.)
ΚΠ
1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 17 Coursing, conducting the air backwards and forwards through old workings, by means of stoppings, properly arranged. Air is usually coursed or shethed ‘two and two’, or ‘three and three’, according to the greater or less quantity of fire-damp evolved.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

'courseadv.

Brit. /kɔːs/, U.S. /kɔrs/
Forms: also course.
Etymology: Shortened < of course at course n. 37.
colloquial.
= ‘of course’ (see course n. 37c).
ΚΠ
1886 in H. Baumann Londinismen
1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ i. 13 Have you tried to get any of it here in Chicago? Course not. It's all ordered and cut out up to Ledyard.
1904 G. S. Porter Freckles xvi. 326 ‘I bet you it's a marked tree!’ ‘Course it is!’ cried the Angel.
1967 O. Norton Now lying Dead iv. 58 'Course, he might go off. He does sometimes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : † corsecoursev.
<
n.1adv.1c1300v.1466adv.1886
see also
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