| 释义 |
alikeadj. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: anlike adj.; ylike adj. Etymology: Probably partly (i) < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic (rare) álíkr like, resembling: see anlike adj.); partly (ii) < anlike adj., with reduction of the prefix (compare a- prefix3); and partly (iii) a variant of ylike adj., with reduction of the vowel in the first syllable (compare a- prefix2). Compare earlier alike adv.Like alike adv. (compare discussion at that entry), the adjective, too, is probably originally partly a borrowing from Scandinavian and partly a form of anlike adj. with reduction of the prefix (see a- prefix3, and compare discussion at on- prefix and an- prefix1). However, the adjective is first attested later, and appears to show no variants with initial o- . As with the later forms of alike adv., the adjective may likewise also partly represent a variant of ylike adj. The α. forms, such as alīche , reflect Old English palatalization and assibilation of the velar word-finally or before the front vowel of the ending, either by phonological development or by analogy; compare α. forms at anlike adj. and n., α. forms at ylike adj. and n., and α. forms at like adj., adv., conj., and prep. The β. forms suggest Scandinavian influence, but could also go back to Old English inflectional forms that were regularly unassibilated (compare discussion at like adj., adv., conj., and prep.). Chiefly in predicative use. 1. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] the world > relative properties > relationship > identity > [adjective] > identical α. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) v. l. 2412 (MED) Evene aliche..Outward thei were bothe tuo. c1430 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) Prol. l. 375 Al be that here stat be nat a-lyche [c1450 Fairf. y-liche]. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) i. l. 6172 For freend and fo to hym be bothe aliche. ?1577 F. T. sig. Dv For hospitalyties are not all aliche. 1535 Wisd. xi. 11 Whether they were absent or present, their punyshment was alyke. 1615 T. Adams Spirituall Nauigator 20 in You see the alike distastfulnes of the world and sea. 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz iii. ii. 222 Sound peoples sleep is not alike, some snoar in their sleep, others without a noise. 1702 tr. 99 The Vessel or Receptacle of the Odoriferous Liquor..was alike in both the one and the other of our Civet-Catts. 1738 tr. J. Jurin in J. Keill (ed. 4) 90 The Motion of the effluent Water will be alike in both cases. 1823 P. Nicholson 417 Bringing forward is a term applied to priming and painting new wood added to old work..so that the whole shall appear alike when finished. 1855 C. Kingsley in ii. 64 Woman's heart is alike in all ranks. 1903 P. Bettex in H. C. Trumbull vii. 79 Humanity is ever alike. 1920 D. H. Lawrence vi. 112 Oh, but he was always alike. 2005 J. Diamond (2006) ix. 303 The whole country is alike in being wet, steep, erodable. 2. the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [adjective] > to or with a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. (Rawl.) (1898) 217 (MED) The dysciplis of ypocras..depeyntid an ymage in Parcemyn allyke to Ipocras. 1640 T. Fuller 174 Moses..made it in all things alike, to the Patterne hee saw in the Mount. 1680 W. Allen (ed. 2) 83 St. Paul seems to reckon the Church of Corinth and other Churches to consist of somewhat alike mixture as that of the Jews of old did. 1707 J. Ward iii. iii. 304 It will cut off a Triangle Similar or alike to the whole Triangle. 1749 D. Hartley i. iii. §2. ⁋87 Where the Instances are alike..to that under Consideration. 1867 W. Morris ix. 157 A golden glittering sun That seemed well-nigh alike the heavenly one. 1909 17 Apr. 245/3 Mr. Devall..lost the two mules with a malady exactly alike to the one that killed the six. 1955 R. Lindner 84 He was the old man's favorite, alike to his father in features as an image in a mirror. 1653 G. Ashwell 102 The Romane-Catholik, who with alike loudnes and lying proclaimes to the world, [etc.]. 1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in (rev. ed.) 944 This of the male kinde. The female is almost alike, but somewhat more black. a1712 T. Halyburton (1721) i. 11 It is a Promise confirm'd by many other Promises, of an alike Nature elsewhere recorded in the Word. 1793 T. Digges Let. 13 Aug. in T. Jefferson (1995) XXVI. 779 I..shall proceed tomorrow for Daventry on alike business. 1885 15 Oct. 446 The antidote for an over-dose is also alike in character, viz., a strong cup of coffee without milk or sugar. 1905 3 267 This species resembles S. bohemani,..and the sculpture of the elytra is alike, but it is much narrower. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). alikeadv. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Probably partly a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymons: English anlīce , onlīce ; ylike adv. Etymology: Probably a word of multiple origin: Probably partly (i) < early Scandinavian (compare Icelandic álíka (adverb) alike, apparently cognate with or similarly formed to Old English anlīce (see below), and also Old Icelandic (rare) álíkr , adjective: see anlike adj. and also alike adj.); and partly (ii) the reflex of Old English anlīce, onlīce similarly, in like manner (cognate with or formed similarly to Middle High German anelīche similarly, Gothic analeiko in the same way: see anlike adj.), with reduction of the prefix (compare o- (variant of on- prefix) and a- prefix3). In β. and γ. forms probably also partly (iii) a variant of ylike adv., with reduction of the vowel in the first syllable; compare a- prefix2 (see below). Compare alike adj., and also like adv.The α. spellings probably at least partly reflect forms with a long open vowel in the first syllable (ōlīke ) and therefore the southern reflex of long ā in the Scandinavian loan; in this context it appears to be significant that the earliest attestation (in quot. a1325 at sense 1α. ) is found in an East Anglian source. Forms with short vowel could equally represent the loanword (with shortening in the first syllable of trisyllabic forms) or its native cognate with a form of the prefix reduced in low stress (compare Old English onlīce , variant of anlīce , and see o- at on- prefix Forms and the discussion at that entry); the prefix of Old English anlīc (adjective) and anlīce (adverb) was originally stressed but a variant with stress on the stem probably already existed in Old English. The vowel in the first syllable of the β. and γ. forms may have similar origins, showing either early shortening of long ā before rounding to ō had occurred or a further reduction of the prefix (see a- prefix3); the latter is perhaps the likeliest explanation for alīche in quot. c1330 at sense 2β. , which is unusually early. But later forms with initial a- probably also represent a variant of ylike adv., with development of y- prefix as in a- prefix2. Forms showing reflexes of a palatalized and assibilated consonant, such as the β. forms and oliche at α. forms, derive from Old English anlīce or gelīce ylike adv. or are influenced by these. Forms showing unassibilated consonant, such as the modern standard form of the headword, either derive from Scandinavian or are after forms of alike adj., ylike adj. which do not show assibilation (compare discussion at those entries). α. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 2024 Al it was him o-like loð. a1425 (a1400) (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 7560 (MED) Þus er oboven us hevens sere, Bot alle er þa noght olyke clere. the world > time > frequency > [adverb] > always or in every case β. c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) l. 330 (MED) His sorwes ben euer aliche newe. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. l. 526 Evere in on aliche hot. c1450 (1900) 289 (MED) Lastyngnes..makyth a man alwey a-lych newe in goodnes & in gostly myȝt. 3. the world > relative properties > relationship > identity > [adverb] α. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) (1996) i. l. 41 Saxons, Inglis hight alle oliche. a1450 (Richardson 44) (1884) 25 Olyke endeles wyth his maker. 1560 Prov. xiii. 20 (margin) As he is partaker of their wickednes & beareth with their vices, so shall he be punished alike as thei are. 1794 J. Clowes tr. E. Swedenborg 335 He can elevate his understanding into the light of heaven, and think and discourse spiritually, alike as the spiritual man. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : -alikecomb. form <  adj.a1393 adv.a1325see also |
