cottarcottern.

Brit.

/ˈkɒtə/, U.S.

/ˈkɑdər/

Etymology: Partly < medieval Latin cotārius, < cota cot; partly a later formation < cot n.¹ + -ar suffix³, -er suffix¹.

1. Sometimes used to translate medieval Latin cotārius, applied in Domesday Book to a villein who occupied a cot or cottage with an attached piece of land (usually 5 acres) held by service of labour (with or without payment in produce or money).Cotarius probably represented the Old English cotsǽta or cotset, cotsetla, and cotman, or at least, with the bordarius, included these. The distinction between the cotarius and the bordarius, bordar, or bordman, has not been satisfactorily determined; when both are mentioned together the bordarii are usually named before the cotarii, and the latter are much less numerous. In some cases, also, Domesday seems to distinguish coscez and cotarii: thus under the manor of Haseberie, Wiltshire, there are ‘xiii coscez, and ii cotar'.’ In Ellis's Abstract of Population in Domesday (II. 435–6), Devonshire has bordarii 4847..coscez 70, cotarii 19..servi 3294, villani 8070.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar

cotsetlac1000

grassman1282

carla1300

villeina1325

tike1377

villeiness1611

serf1761

cotset1809

cottar1809

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [noun] > villein

laeta1000

cotsetlac1000

bondmanc1250

bondc1275

grassman1282

husbanda1300

youngerman?c1300

boundec1320

villeina1325

tike1377

carla1400

cotset1809

cottar1809

1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 128/2 [Phillimore: Middlesex 4. 1] i cot[tarius] de v acris & xli cot[tarii] qui reddunt per annum xl solidos pro ortis suis.]

1809 W. Bawdwen tr. Domesday Bk. 135 Ilbert has now there 4 ploughs, and sixty small Burgesses and sixteen cottars, etc.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §4. 238 The cottar, the bordar, and the labourer were bound to aid in the work of the home-farm.

2. (a) Scottish. A peasant who occupies a cot-house or cottage belonging to a farm (sometimes with a plot of land attached), for which he has (or had) to give or provide labour on the farm, at a fixed rate, when required. (b) A peasant, esp. in the Highlands, who occupies a cottage and rents a small plot of land under a form of tenure similar to that of the Irish cottier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar > cottar in Scotland

cottar1552

lotter1820

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > inhabitants of specific types of house > cottager by service of labour

cottier1386

coterell1393

cottar1552

cotman1559

cottager1760

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xx. f. 59^v Quhay..puttis thair cottaris to ouir sair labouris.

1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 24 Sept. (1855) 53 The yeoman or cottar shall pey foure merks, for ilk failzie.

1679 Royal Procl. in London Gaz. No. 1406/2 We hereby Require and Command all the Heretors and Masters of the said Shire of Fiffe and Kinrosse, to bring their Tenants, Cottars and Servants.

1769 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. (ed. 4) i. iv. 38 They have power to judge in questions of high-ways..to call out the tenants with their cottars and servants to perform six days work yearly for upholding them.

1785 R. Burns (title) The Cotter's Saturday Night.

1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs x, in Poems 13 A Cotter howkan in a sheugh, Wi' dirty stanes biggan a dyke, Bairan a quarry, an' sic like.

1808–79 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Cottar, cotter, Persons of this description possess a house and small garden, or small piece of land, the rent of which they are bound to pay, either to a landlord or a farmer, by labour for a certain number of days, or at certain seasons... The service itself is still called bondage.

1884 Marquis of Lorne in Pall Mall Gaz. 10 May 1/2 The crofter is a man having any small holding of land, and paying, in proportion to its size, from £1 to £30 of rent. A cottar is a man who as a rule has no land, and inhabits a hovel built by himself, paying perhaps five or ten shillings to the crofter for the use of a ‘rig’ or two of potatoes. He is the ‘con-acre’ man of Irish rural non-economy.

3. Irish English. = cottier n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar > cottar in Ireland

cottar1791

cottier1832

1791 J. Bentham Panopticon i. 234 Among the Irish cottars..one room is the only receptacle for man, wife, children, dog and swine.

1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. i. 118 The farmers and labourers are merged into one class, like the miserable cotters of Ireland.

1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 310 Picture the Irish cotter of fifty or sixty years ago.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

1788 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 388 A vera gude tocher, a cotter-man's dochter.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 507 A considerable extent of ground is annually manured in this county by what is called the cottar dung.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) Hence cotterman, cotterfouk, contemptuously cotter-bodies.

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. viii. 124 Ye have riven the thack off seven cottar houses.

1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Aug. 127 (Jam.) The residence of the farmer..is flanked by a cluster of villages; these constitute the cottar-town; the inhabitants are vassals to the farmer.

1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 157 A brighter specimen of cotter prosperity in the north.

1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming xiii. 129 The smallest of conceivable cottar water-farms.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	cottar
释义	cottarcottern. Brit. /ˈkɒtə/, U.S. /ˈkɑdər/ Etymology: Partly < medieval Latin cotārius, < cota cot; partly a later formation < cot n.¹ + -ar suffix³, -er suffix¹. 1. Sometimes used to translate medieval Latin cotārius, applied in Domesday Book to a villein who occupied a cot or cottage with an attached piece of land (usually 5 acres) held by service of labour (with or without payment in produce or money).Cotarius probably represented the Old English cotsǽta or cotset, cotsetla, and cotman, or at least, with the bordarius, included these. The distinction between the cotarius and the bordarius, bordar, or bordman, has not been satisfactorily determined; when both are mentioned together the bordarii are usually named before the cotarii, and the latter are much less numerous. In some cases, also, Domesday seems to distinguish coscez and cotarii: thus under the manor of Haseberie, Wiltshire, there are ‘xiii coscez, and ii cotar'.’ In Ellis's Abstract of Population in Domesday (II. 435–6), Devonshire has bordarii 4847..coscez 70, cotarii 19..servi 3294, villani 8070. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar cotsetlac1000 grassman1282 carla1300 villeina1325 tike1377 villeiness1611 serf1761 cotset1809 cottar1809 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific ranks of common people > [noun] > villein laeta1000 cotsetlac1000 bondmanc1250 bondc1275 grassman1282 husbanda1300 youngerman?c1300 boundec1320 villeina1325 tike1377 carla1400 cotset1809 cottar1809 1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 128/2 [Phillimore: Middlesex 4. 1] i cot[tarius] de v acris & xli cot[tarii] qui reddunt per annum xl solidos pro ortis suis.] 1809 W. Bawdwen tr. Domesday Bk. 135 Ilbert has now there 4 ploughs, and sixty small Burgesses and sixteen cottars, etc. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §4. 238 The cottar, the bordar, and the labourer were bound to aid in the work of the home-farm. 2. (a) Scottish. A peasant who occupies a cot-house or cottage belonging to a farm (sometimes with a plot of land attached), for which he has (or had) to give or provide labour on the farm, at a fixed rate, when required. (b) A peasant, esp. in the Highlands, who occupies a cottage and rents a small plot of land under a form of tenure similar to that of the Irish cottier. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar > cottar in Scotland cottar1552 lotter1820 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant by type of accommodation > [noun] > inhabitant of house > inhabitants of specific types of house > cottager by service of labour cottier1386 coterell1393 cottar1552 cotman1559 cottager1760 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. xx. f. 59^v Quhay..puttis thair cottaris to ouir sair labouris. 1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 24 Sept. (1855) 53 The yeoman or cottar shall pey foure merks, for ilk failzie. 1679 Royal Procl. in London Gaz. No. 1406/2 We hereby Require and Command all the Heretors and Masters of the said Shire of Fiffe and Kinrosse, to bring their Tenants, Cottars and Servants. 1769 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. (ed. 4) i. iv. 38 They have power to judge in questions of high-ways..to call out the tenants with their cottars and servants to perform six days work yearly for upholding them. 1785 R. Burns (title) The Cotter's Saturday Night. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs x, in Poems 13 A Cotter howkan in a sheugh, Wi' dirty stanes biggan a dyke, Bairan a quarry, an' sic like. 1808–79 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Cottar, cotter, Persons of this description possess a house and small garden, or small piece of land, the rent of which they are bound to pay, either to a landlord or a farmer, by labour for a certain number of days, or at certain seasons... The service itself is still called bondage. 1884 Marquis of Lorne in Pall Mall Gaz. 10 May 1/2 The crofter is a man having any small holding of land, and paying, in proportion to its size, from £1 to £30 of rent. A cottar is a man who as a rule has no land, and inhabits a hovel built by himself, paying perhaps five or ten shillings to the crofter for the use of a ‘rig’ or two of potatoes. He is the ‘con-acre’ man of Irish rural non-economy. 3. Irish English. = cottier n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > farmer > [noun] > villein or cottar > cottar in Ireland cottar1791 cottier1832 1791 J. Bentham Panopticon i. 234 Among the Irish cottars..one room is the only receptacle for man, wife, children, dog and swine. 1863 H. Fawcett Man. Polit. Econ. ii. i. 118 The farmers and labourers are merged into one class, like the miserable cotters of Ireland. 1883 S. C. Hall Retrospect Long Life II. 310 Picture the Irish cotter of fifty or sixty years ago. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ 1788 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 388 A vera gude tocher, a cotter-man's dochter. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. I. 507 A considerable extent of ground is annually manured in this county by what is called the cottar dung. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (at cited word) Hence cotterman, cotterfouk, contemptuously cotter-bodies. 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. viii. 124 Ye have riven the thack off seven cottar houses. 1818 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. Aug. 127 (Jam.) The residence of the farmer..is flanked by a cluster of villages; these constitute the cottar-town; the inhabitants are vassals to the farmer. 1861 G. H. Kingsley in F. Galton Vacation Tourists & Trav. 1860 157 A brighter specimen of cotter prosperity in the north. 1868 W. Peard Pract. Water-farming xiii. 129 The smallest of conceivable cottar water-farms. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1552
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