alcatrasn.

Brit.

/ˈalkətras/, U.S.

/ˈælkəˌtræs/

Forms: 1500s alcatrash, 1500s alcatrazi (plural), 1500s alcatrazzi (plural), 1500s– alcatraz, 1600s–1700s alcatrace, 1600s– alcatras, 1700s alcatrass, 1800s alkatras.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Italian alcatrazzo; Spanish alcatraz; Portuguese alcatraz.

Etymology: Partly < Italian †alcatrazzo (1510) and its etymon Spanish alcatraz, denoting various kinds of pelican (1386), and partly < Portuguese alcatraz brown booby, also frigate bird (c1526), both probably < Arabic al-ġattās < al the + ġattās kind of sea eagle. Although the medial -c- in Spanish presents phonological difficulties, it may (as first suggested by L. M. Devic Dict. étymologique des mots français d'origine orientale (1876) at albatross) result from folk-etymological association with Spanish †alcaduz water bucket of a noria (for the ulterior etymology of that word, and for the semantic motivation of the association, see below). See further J. Corominas Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (ed. 2, 1981) at alcatraz. Compare Middle French, French †alcatras (1588; < Spanish). Compare albatross n. and see discussion at that entry.Spanish †alcaduz water bucket of a noria (late 13th cent.; now arcaduz ) is < Arabic al-qadūs < al the + qadūs water bucket of a noria < ancient Greek κάδος vase, jar (see cade n.¹). Compare Portuguese alcatruz (1426), in same sense, which is likewise a loan < Arabic al-qadūs . The alteration of the bird name in Spanish appears to have been motivated by the prominent gular or throat pouch of the pelican (which is used by the bird to capture and hold fish), in which the pelican was popularly supposed to draw up water to carry it to its young in the desert; compare the modern Arabic name of the pelican, saqqā' , literally ‘water carrier’. The (related) frigate bird (compare sense 2) also has a gular pouch (which is inflated for use in display during the mating season).

1. In Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas: a pelican; esp. the brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > member of family Pelecanidae (pelican)

onocrotalusc1384

pelicana1398

shoveller1552

alcatras1555

onocrotal1609

carrier bird1728

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 191^v As the sea commeth, and the sardynes with the same, euen so lykewyse coome the sayde Alcatrazzi therwith.

1582 R. Madox Diary 2 Aug. in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 158 Ned Gylman took an alcatrash on the mayntopmast yerd, which ys a foolysh byrd but good lean rank meat.

1772 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S. Amer. (ed. 3) I. 104 Innumerable flights of birds with which all those islands abound and commonly called Guanoes..; many of them are indeed alcatraces, a kind of gull, though all comprehended under the generical name of Guanoes.

1853 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. III. xxix. 188 A dreadful slaughter of the young alcatras, grouped in pairs in their nests. This name is given, in Spanish America, to the brown swan-tailed pelican of Buffon.

1908 Science 10 July 60/1 It seems sure that the alcatras was once an abundant and important bird in this region.

2006 A. Sachs Humboldt Current ii. 59 Carlos pointed out the vivid plumage of the egrets, alcatras, and flamingos sunning themselves amid the cacti and coconut trees.

†2. A frigate bird (genus Fregata). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > fregata aquila (frigate-bird)

alcatras1584

man-of-war hawk1657

albatross1733

frigate-bird1738

sea-eagle1845

sea-hawk1852

hurricane-bird1879

son-of-the-sun1895

1584 R. Hakluyt Disc. Western Planting (1877) xvii. 112 He founde there shippes with maryners, which had the pictures of a birde, called Alcatrazzi, in silver upon their bonnetts.

1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. D3^v Most like to that sharpe-sighted Alcatras, That beates the aire aboue the liquid glasse.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xix. 44 The Alcatrace is a Sea-fowle..His head like vnto the head of a Gull, but his bill like vnto a Snytes bill... He is all blacke.

1692 Coles's Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Alcatrace, a fowl like a Heron.

†3. Perhaps: an albatross. Obsolete. rare.The birds referred to by Stade have also been identified as pelicans or frigate birds.

ΚΠ

1775 in Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 402 (table) Two black alcatrasses... Many pintado birds, sheerwaters, etc., one alcatrass.

1874 A. Tootal tr. H. Stade Captivity of Hans Stade xii. 39 We came..to an island called Insula de Alkatrases... On the said island were many seabirds, called Alkatrases, these are easy to catch, and it was at the time they rear their young.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	alcatras
释义	alcatrasn. Brit. /ˈalkətras/, U.S. /ˈælkəˌtræs/ Forms: 1500s alcatrash, 1500s alcatrazi (plural), 1500s alcatrazzi (plural), 1500s– alcatraz, 1600s–1700s alcatrace, 1600s– alcatras, 1700s alcatrass, 1800s alkatras. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Partly a borrowing from Spanish. Partly a borrowing from Portuguese. Etymons: Italian alcatrazzo; Spanish alcatraz; Portuguese alcatraz. Etymology: Partly < Italian †alcatrazzo (1510) and its etymon Spanish alcatraz, denoting various kinds of pelican (1386), and partly < Portuguese alcatraz brown booby, also frigate bird (c1526), both probably < Arabic al-ġattās < al the + ġattās kind of sea eagle. Although the medial -c- in Spanish presents phonological difficulties, it may (as first suggested by L. M. Devic Dict. étymologique des mots français d'origine orientale (1876) at albatross) result from folk-etymological association with Spanish †alcaduz water bucket of a noria (for the ulterior etymology of that word, and for the semantic motivation of the association, see below). See further J. Corominas Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (ed. 2, 1981) at alcatraz. Compare Middle French, French †alcatras (1588; < Spanish). Compare albatross n. and see discussion at that entry.Spanish †alcaduz water bucket of a noria (late 13th cent.; now arcaduz ) is < Arabic al-qadūs < al the + qadūs water bucket of a noria < ancient Greek κάδος vase, jar (see cade n.¹). Compare Portuguese alcatruz (1426), in same sense, which is likewise a loan < Arabic al-qadūs . The alteration of the bird name in Spanish appears to have been motivated by the prominent gular or throat pouch of the pelican (which is used by the bird to capture and hold fish), in which the pelican was popularly supposed to draw up water to carry it to its young in the desert; compare the modern Arabic name of the pelican, saqqā' , literally ‘water carrier’. The (related) frigate bird (compare sense 2) also has a gular pouch (which is inflated for use in display during the mating season). 1. In Spanish- and Portuguese-speaking areas: a pelican; esp. the brown pelican, Pelecanus occidentalis. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > member of family Pelecanidae (pelican) onocrotalusc1384 pelicana1398 shoveller1552 alcatras1555 onocrotal1609 carrier bird1728 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 191^v As the sea commeth, and the sardynes with the same, euen so lykewyse coome the sayde Alcatrazzi therwith. 1582 R. Madox Diary 2 Aug. in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 158 Ned Gylman took an alcatrash on the mayntopmast yerd, which ys a foolysh byrd but good lean rank meat. 1772 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S. Amer. (ed. 3) I. 104 Innumerable flights of birds with which all those islands abound and commonly called Guanoes..; many of them are indeed alcatraces, a kind of gull, though all comprehended under the generical name of Guanoes. 1853 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. III. xxix. 188 A dreadful slaughter of the young alcatras, grouped in pairs in their nests. This name is given, in Spanish America, to the brown swan-tailed pelican of Buffon. 1908 Science 10 July 60/1 It seems sure that the alcatras was once an abundant and important bird in this region. 2006 A. Sachs Humboldt Current ii. 59 Carlos pointed out the vivid plumage of the egrets, alcatras, and flamingos sunning themselves amid the cacti and coconut trees. †2. A frigate bird (genus Fregata). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > fregata aquila (frigate-bird) alcatras1584 man-of-war hawk1657 albatross1733 frigate-bird1738 sea-eagle1845 sea-hawk1852 hurricane-bird1879 son-of-the-sun1895 1584 R. Hakluyt Disc. Western Planting (1877) xvii. 112 He founde there shippes with maryners, which had the pictures of a birde, called Alcatrazzi, in silver upon their bonnetts. 1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. D3^v Most like to that sharpe-sighted Alcatras, That beates the aire aboue the liquid glasse. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xix. 44 The Alcatrace is a Sea-fowle..His head like vnto the head of a Gull, but his bill like vnto a Snytes bill... He is all blacke. 1692 Coles's Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Alcatrace, a fowl like a Heron. †3. Perhaps: an albatross. Obsolete. rare.The birds referred to by Stade have also been identified as pelicans or frigate birds. ΚΠ 1775 in Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 402 (table) Two black alcatrasses... Many pintado birds, sheerwaters, etc., one alcatrass. 1874 A. Tootal tr. H. Stade Captivity of Hans Stade xii. 39 We came..to an island called Insula de Alkatrases... On the said island were many seabirds, called Alkatrases, these are easy to catch, and it was at the time they rear their young. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1555
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