-ativesuffix

Primary stress is on a syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. performative adj. and n.

Forms:

α. Middle English -atief, Middle English -atiff, Middle English -atijf, Middle English -aytyfe, Middle English 1600s -atiffe, Middle English–1500s -atif, Middle English–1500s -atyf, Middle English–1500s -atyfe, Middle English–1500s -atyff, Middle English–1500s -atyffe, Middle English–1500s -atyue, Middle English–1500s -atyve, Middle English–1600s -atife, Middle English–1700s -atiue, Middle English– -ative, 1600s -ativ; Scottish also pre-1700 -ateve, pre-1700 -atiwe, pre-1700 -atywe.

β. Middle English -ityfe, Middle English -ytyf, 1500s -ytyue, 1500s -ytyve, 1500s–1600s -itiue, 1500s– -itive.

γ. Middle English -etife, 1500s -etive, 1500s–1600s -etyve.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French -atif; Latin -ātīvus.

Etymology: < (i) French -atif (feminine -ative ) and its etymon (ii) classical Latin -ātīvus < -āt- , past participial stem of verbs in -āre (see -ate suffix³) + -īvus -ive suffix, in e.g. dēmonstrātīvus demonstrative adj. < dēmonstrāre demonstrate v. Only a few such adjectives were used in Latin, but the analogy is extensively followed in the modern languages. In the majority of instances, as in demonstrate v., demonstrative adj., adjectives in -ative belong to verbs in -ate suffix³; cases like represent v.¹, representative adj., affirm v., affirmative adj., figure v., figurative adj., in which the English verb represents (through French) the present stem of the Latin, have given rise to analogous formations such as talkative adj. < talk v.A few adjectives of this class are formed directly from nouns in -ty suffix¹, as if from an intervening verb in -tate , which does not exist; e.g. authoritative adj. < authority n. (as if via an unattested verb *authoritate ); similarly qualitative adj., quantitative adj. The fact that the -a- of -ative is unstressed has given rise to the β. forms and γ. forms.

< French -atif, -ative, Latin -ātīvus, consisting of adjectival suffix -īvus (see -ive suffix) appended to participial stems in -āt- of verbs in -āre, e.g. dēmonstrāre to point out, dēmonstrāt-īvus ‘having the attribute or habit of pointing out, tending to point out.’ Only a few were used in Latin, but the analogy is extensively followed in the modern languages. In the majority of instances, as in demonstrate, demonstrative, adjectives in -ative belong to verbs in -ate; cases like represent, -ative, affirm, -ative, figure, figurative, in which the English verb represents (through French) the present stem of the Latin, have afforded a formal analogy for talk, talk-ative.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	-ative
释义	-ativesuffix Primary stress is on a syllable of the preceding element and vowels may be reduced accordingly; see e.g. performative adj. and n. Forms: α. Middle English -atief, Middle English -atiff, Middle English -atijf, Middle English -aytyfe, Middle English 1600s -atiffe, Middle English–1500s -atif, Middle English–1500s -atyf, Middle English–1500s -atyfe, Middle English–1500s -atyff, Middle English–1500s -atyffe, Middle English–1500s -atyue, Middle English–1500s -atyve, Middle English–1600s -atife, Middle English–1700s -atiue, Middle English– -ative, 1600s -ativ; Scottish also pre-1700 -ateve, pre-1700 -atiwe, pre-1700 -atywe. β. Middle English -ityfe, Middle English -ytyf, 1500s -ytyue, 1500s -ytyve, 1500s–1600s -itiue, 1500s– -itive. γ. Middle English -etife, 1500s -etive, 1500s–1600s -etyve. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French -atif; Latin -ātīvus. Etymology: < (i) French -atif (feminine -ative ) and its etymon (ii) classical Latin -ātīvus < -āt- , past participial stem of verbs in -āre (see -ate suffix³) + -īvus -ive suffix, in e.g. dēmonstrātīvus demonstrative adj. < dēmonstrāre demonstrate v. Only a few such adjectives were used in Latin, but the analogy is extensively followed in the modern languages. In the majority of instances, as in demonstrate v., demonstrative adj., adjectives in -ative belong to verbs in -ate suffix³; cases like represent v.¹, representative adj., affirm v., affirmative adj., figure v., figurative adj., in which the English verb represents (through French) the present stem of the Latin, have given rise to analogous formations such as talkative adj. < talk v.A few adjectives of this class are formed directly from nouns in -ty suffix¹, as if from an intervening verb in -tate , which does not exist; e.g. authoritative adj. < authority n. (as if via an unattested verb authoritate ); similarly qualitative adj., quantitative adj. The fact that the -a-* of -ative is unstressed has given rise to the β. forms and γ. forms. < French -atif, -ative, Latin -ātīvus, consisting of adjectival suffix -īvus (see -ive suffix) appended to participial stems in -āt- of verbs in -āre, e.g. dēmonstrāre to point out, dēmonstrāt-īvus ‘having the attribute or habit of pointing out, tending to point out.’ Only a few were used in Latin, but the analogy is extensively followed in the modern languages. In the majority of instances, as in demonstrate, demonstrative, adjectives in -ative belong to verbs in -ate; cases like represent, -ative, affirm, -ative, figure, figurative, in which the English verb represents (through French) the present stem of the Latin, have afforded a formal analogy for talk, talk-ative. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < suffix
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