contagionn.

/kənˈteɪdʒən/

Etymology: Middle English < French contagion, or < Latin contāgiōn-em a touching, contact, contagion, < con- together + tangĕre to touch. So Italian contagione.

a. The communication of disease from body to body by contact direct or mediate.The two earliest quots. perhaps belong to b or to 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > contagion

contagiona1626

smittling1625

propagation1664

approximation1678

c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 73 Yf a manne bee so dayntye stomaked, that goyng where contagion is, he woulde grudge to take a lyttle tryacle.

1594 Lady Russell in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 233 III. 40 A comfortable litle breckfast agaynst the contagion of this tyme.

a1626 F. Bacon in Wks. (1861) II. 641 In infection and contagion from body to body, as the plague and the like, the infection is received many times by the body passive; but yet is..repulsed.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 10 The Jewish Nation..to avoid contagion or pollution, in time of pestilence, burnt the bodies of their friends.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 146 Dr. Tissott..observes, that the Small-pox..does not propagate itself so much by contagion as by an infection of the air.

1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing i. 10 Scarlet fever would be no more ascribed to contagion, but to its right cause.

b. Contagious quality or influence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > contagion > contagious quality

contagiosity1430

contagiousness1530

contagion1596

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. vii. sig. R8 Such is the powre of that same fruit, that nought The fell contagion may thereof restraine.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 264 What, is Brutus sicke? And will he steale out of his wholsome bed To dare the vile contagion of the Night?

1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 561 The most striking contradictions in their belief and assertions on the subject of its contagion.

2. A contagious disease or sickness; a plague or pestilence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > contagion > contagious disease

contagion1398

smittle1838

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vii. lxiv. 281 Lepra also comith of fader and moder, and so this contagyon passyth in to the chylde as it were by lawe of herytage.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. x. f. 142^v They [the Cannibals] haue spredde their generation..lyke a pestiferous contagion.

1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 28 He was forced by that contagion [a plague] to leave the Metropolis.

1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 7 Bulloign, where she was to imbarque for England, (the contagion being then much at Calais).

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 282 The Contagion despised all Medicine, Death rag'd in every Corner.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. 243 In the year 1348 that terrible contagion known as the Black Death..appeared at Strasburg.

a. The substance or principle by which a contagious disease is transmitted; = contagium n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > agent or medium

infectiona1398

leavena1400

virusa1400

contagion1603

taint1623

fomes1800

conductor1807

infectant1832

zymin1842

contagium1870

noxa1872

pathogen1880

zyme1882

auto-infectant1887

insult1903

1603 T. Lodge Treat. Plague i. sig. B2^v Contagion, is an euil qualitie in a bodie, communicated vnto an other by touch, engendring one and the same disposition in him to whom it is communicated.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In others [sc. diseases] the Contagion is transmitted thro' the Air to a great distance, by means of Steams or Effluvia expiring from the Sick.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 322 It ought to have been mentioned, whence this contagion came; or how it was generated in the prison.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 84 It may possibly be observed, that the Variolous Contagion, from having extended its influence over the earth's whole surface..cannot be destroyed either by accident or design.

1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 4th Ser. xviii. 194 The food of man seems poisonous, the air is charged with contagion.

b. concrete. A poison that infects the blood. poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poison infecting the blood

contagion1604

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 120 Ile tutch my point With this contagion [sc. a poisonous ointment], that if I gall him slightly, It may be death.

c. transferred.

ΚΠ

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 379 The very witching time of night, When Churchyards yawne, and hell it selfe breakes out Contagion to this world.

4. figurative.

a. Hurtful, defiling, or corrupting contact; infecting influence.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > [noun] > corrupting > infection > infecting influence

contagionc1386

gleimc1394

lepera1400

taint1623

contagium1654

virus1778

c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 72 My soule..That troubled is by the contagioun Of my body.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 196/3 Thus Saynt geneuefe delyuerd Saynt celyne fro peryl and fro the contagyon of the world.

1592 tr. F. Du Jon Apocalypsis xviii. 4 The contagion of sin.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §10 It is the corruption that I feare within me, not the contagion of commerce without me.

1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xxi. 591 His mind was tainted by the contagion of fanaticism.

1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xiii. 190 The contagion of these vices undoubtedly spread through the nation.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 310 Exposed to the contagion of foreign influence.

b. Contagious or spreading moral disease; moral corruption.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > corruption > a morbid moral condition > spreading

contagion1533

1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Bv Thys contagyon began to sprynge euyn in St. Paulles tyme.

1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. v. 63 An universal Contagion, or Corruption diffused throughout the whole of human Nature.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 587 All forsook their ancient faith, and became Mahometans..the contagion spread over Arabia, Syria, Egypt and Persia.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 401 A few eminent men..were exempt from the general contagion.

5. figurative. The contagious or ‘catching’ influence or operation of example, sympathy, and the like.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > infectious quality of emotion > [noun]

infection1578

contagion1632

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 186 Her griefe alone was an universall contagion to the Universe.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 208 Our opinions comming more by Contagion, than on Deliberation.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. 117 The contagion of loyalty and repentance was communicated from rank to rank.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vi. 14 By the contagion of example he gathered about him other men who thought as he did.

1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xviii. 397 A contagion of goodness, of enthusiasm, of energy..almost impossible to resist.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 259 The contagion of adventure which was spread abroad by the Spanish discoveries.

†6. transferred. Taint; tainting or adulterating contact; impure admixture. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > adulteration

cauponation1531

sophistication1541

adulterating1581

bastarding1583

bastardizing1598

sophisticating1611

adultery1616

adulteration1626

adulterism1639

bastardization1650

compassing1669

contagion1695

doctoring1805

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 22 Multitudes of Shells..absolutely free from any such mineral Contagion.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 224 Even the most obvious and ordinary Minerals are not free from this Contagion of adventitious Matter.

†7. Foulness, noisomeness, stench. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [noun] > quality or condition

stenchc1175

stinka1325

stinkingness1382

crueltyc1420

contagya1513

dain1574

unsweetness1596

contagion1662

pungency1663

poignancy1677

sulphureousness1690

fetidness1704

poignance1782

pungence1810

fetidity1829

piquance1867

malodorousness1886

smelliness1892

niffiness1942

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun]

solwinessa1300

befiling1340

filing1340

sulpinga1350

defouling1382

defoula1387

pollutionc1422

inquination1447

contagya1513

coinquination?1550

defiling1585

dirting1591

tainture1609

impuration1614

conspurcation1616

contamination1620

empoisonment1626

defilement1637

contagion1662

dirtying1674

polluting1897

1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike 102 The water of the same Well, three dayes before, sent forth the stinking savour of Brimstone, and..its contagion, yellowness, together with the turbulency of the water, did bewray it.

8. Ecology. A greater occurrence of the individuals of a species in an area than could be accounted for by random distribution, thus forming aggregations.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [noun] > association or aggregation > non-random concentration of individuals

contagiousness1939

contagion1951

1951 Barnes & Stanbury in Jrnl. Ecol. XXXIX. 172 The principle of contagion..is that the groups are distributed at random and that the number of individuals associated with each group is also random.

1957 P. Greig-Smith Quantitative Plant Ecol. iii. 61 Whitford..suggested the ratio of abundance..to frequency as a measure of contagion.

Draft additions June 2004

Statistics. [After French contagion (G. Polya 1931, in Annales de l'Inst. Henri Poincaré 1 137).] The effect whereby the probability of an event is affected by whether or not it, or a related event, has occurred before.

ΚΠ

1938 Amer. Math. Monthly 45 410 The present paper was concerned especially with Pólya's ‘contagion in probability’.

1969 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. A. 132 270 The basic idea for the formulation for new car demand is that consumers over-react with regard to desired car purchases. The main reason for this being the demonstration or contagion effect.

1986 Statistician 35 306 It can arise from a contagion model whereby the probability of sustaining an accident is originally the same for all individuals, but is altered so that the probability of an individual sustaining an accident increases linearly with the number of accidents he or she has already sustained.

1994 Statist. Sci. 9 94/2 The Matthew Effect—(a form of contagion—‘For unto every one that hath shall be given..: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.’).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	contagion
释义	contagionn. /kənˈteɪdʒən/ Etymology: Middle English < French contagion, or < Latin contāgiōn-em a touching, contact, contagion, < con- together + tangĕre to touch. So Italian contagione. 1. a. The communication of disease from body to body by contact direct or mediate.The two earliest quots. perhaps belong to b or to 2. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > contagion contagiona1626 smittling1625 propagation1664 approximation1678 c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 73 Yf a manne bee so dayntye stomaked, that goyng where contagion is, he woulde grudge to take a lyttle tryacle. 1594 Lady Russell in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. 233 III. 40 A comfortable litle breckfast agaynst the contagion of this tyme. a1626 F. Bacon in Wks. (1861) II. 641 In infection and contagion from body to body, as the plague and the like, the infection is received many times by the body passive; but yet is..repulsed. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 10 The Jewish Nation..to avoid contagion or pollution, in time of pestilence, burnt the bodies of their friends. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 146 Dr. Tissott..observes, that the Small-pox..does not propagate itself so much by contagion as by an infection of the air. 1859 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing i. 10 Scarlet fever would be no more ascribed to contagion, but to its right cause. b. Contagious quality or influence. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > contagion > contagious quality contagiosity1430 contagiousness1530 contagion1596 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene v. vii. sig. R8 Such is the powre of that same fruit, that nought The fell contagion may thereof restraine. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 264 What, is Brutus sicke? And will he steale out of his wholsome bed To dare the vile contagion of the Night? View more context for this quotation 1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 561 The most striking contradictions in their belief and assertions on the subject of its contagion. 2. A contagious disease or sickness; a plague or pestilence. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > contagion > contagious disease contagion1398 smittle1838 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) vii. lxiv. 281 Lepra also comith of fader and moder, and so this contagyon passyth in to the chylde as it were by lawe of herytage. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. x. f. 142^v They [the Cannibals] haue spredde their generation..lyke a pestiferous contagion. 1650 A. Weldon Court & Char. King James 28 He was forced by that contagion [a plague] to leave the Metropolis. 1655 H. L'Estrange Reign King Charles 7 Bulloign, where she was to imbarque for England, (the contagion being then much at Calais). 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 282 The Contagion despised all Medicine, Death rag'd in every Corner. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. 243 In the year 1348 that terrible contagion known as the Black Death..appeared at Strasburg. 3. a. The substance or principle by which a contagious disease is transmitted; = contagium n. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > agent or medium infectiona1398 leavena1400 virusa1400 contagion1603 taint1623 fomes1800 conductor1807 infectant1832 zymin1842 contagium1870 noxa1872 pathogen1880 zyme1882 auto-infectant1887 insult1903 1603 T. Lodge Treat. Plague i. sig. B2^v Contagion, is an euil qualitie in a bodie, communicated vnto an other by touch, engendring one and the same disposition in him to whom it is communicated. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In others [sc. diseases] the Contagion is transmitted thro' the Air to a great distance, by means of Steams or Effluvia expiring from the Sick. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 3 322 It ought to have been mentioned, whence this contagion came; or how it was generated in the prison. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 84 It may possibly be observed, that the Variolous Contagion, from having extended its influence over the earth's whole surface..cannot be destroyed either by accident or design. 1849 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 4th Ser. xviii. 194 The food of man seems poisonous, the air is charged with contagion. b. concrete. A poison that infects the blood. poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poison infecting the blood contagion1604 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. vii. 120 Ile tutch my point With this contagion [sc. a poisonous ointment], that if I gall him slightly, It may be death. View more context for this quotation c. transferred. ΚΠ 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. ii. 379 The very witching time of night, When Churchyards yawne, and hell it selfe breakes out Contagion to this world. View more context for this quotation 4. figurative. a. Hurtful, defiling, or corrupting contact; infecting influence. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > [noun] > corrupting > infection > infecting influence contagionc1386 gleimc1394 lepera1400 taint1623 contagium1654 virus1778 c1386 G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale 72 My soule..That troubled is by the contagioun Of my body. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 196/3 Thus Saynt geneuefe delyuerd Saynt celyne fro peryl and fro the contagyon of the world. 1592 tr. F. Du Jon Apocalypsis xviii. 4 The contagion of sin. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §10 It is the corruption that I feare within me, not the contagion of commerce without me. View more context for this quotation 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xxi. 591 His mind was tainted by the contagion of fanaticism. 1836 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece II. xiii. 190 The contagion of these vices undoubtedly spread through the nation. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 310 Exposed to the contagion of foreign influence. b. Contagious or spreading moral disease; moral corruption. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] > corruption > a morbid moral condition > spreading contagion1533 1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Bv Thys contagyon began to sprynge euyn in St. Paulles tyme. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. v. 63 An universal Contagion, or Corruption diffused throughout the whole of human Nature. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 587 All forsook their ancient faith, and became Mahometans..the contagion spread over Arabia, Syria, Egypt and Persia. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 401 A few eminent men..were exempt from the general contagion. 5. figurative. The contagious or ‘catching’ influence or operation of example, sympathy, and the like. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > infectious quality of emotion > [noun] infection1578 contagion1632 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 186 Her griefe alone was an universall contagion to the Universe. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 208 Our opinions comming more by Contagion, than on Deliberation. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. 117 The contagion of loyalty and repentance was communicated from rank to rank. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) II. vi. 14 By the contagion of example he gathered about him other men who thought as he did. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. xviii. 397 A contagion of goodness, of enthusiasm, of energy..almost impossible to resist. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 259 The contagion of adventure which was spread abroad by the Spanish discoveries. †6. transferred. Taint; tainting or adulterating contact; impure admixture. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > [noun] > admixture or addition as ingredient > adulteration cauponation1531 sophistication1541 adulterating1581 bastarding1583 bastardizing1598 sophisticating1611 adultery1616 adulteration1626 adulterism1639 bastardization1650 compassing1669 contagion1695 doctoring1805 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 22 Multitudes of Shells..absolutely free from any such mineral Contagion. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 224 Even the most obvious and ordinary Minerals are not free from this Contagion of adventitious Matter. †7. Foulness, noisomeness, stench. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fetor > [noun] > quality or condition stenchc1175 stinka1325 stinkingness1382 crueltyc1420 contagya1513 dain1574 unsweetness1596 contagion1662 pungency1663 poignancy1677 sulphureousness1690 fetidness1704 poignance1782 pungence1810 fetidity1829 piquance1867 malodorousness1886 smelliness1892 niffiness1942 the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > pollution or defilement > [noun] solwinessa1300 befiling1340 filing1340 sulpinga1350 defouling1382 defoula1387 pollutionc1422 inquination1447 contagya1513 coinquination?1550 defiling1585 dirting1591 tainture1609 impuration1614 conspurcation1616 contamination1620 empoisonment1626 defilement1637 contagion1662 dirtying1674 polluting1897 1662 J. Chandler tr. J. B. van Helmont Oriatrike 102 The water of the same Well, three dayes before, sent forth the stinking savour of Brimstone, and..its contagion, yellowness, together with the turbulency of the water, did bewray it. 8. Ecology. A greater occurrence of the individuals of a species in an area than could be accounted for by random distribution, thus forming aggregations. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > distribution > [noun] > association or aggregation > non-random concentration of individuals contagiousness1939 contagion1951 1951 Barnes & Stanbury in Jrnl. Ecol. XXXIX. 172 The principle of contagion..is that the groups are distributed at random and that the number of individuals associated with each group is also random. 1957 P. Greig-Smith Quantitative Plant Ecol. iii. 61 Whitford..suggested the ratio of abundance..to frequency as a measure of contagion. Draft additions June 2004 Statistics. [After French contagion (G. Polya 1931, in Annales de l'Inst. Henri Poincaré 1 137).] The effect whereby the probability of an event is affected by whether or not it, or a related event, has occurred before. ΚΠ 1938 Amer. Math. Monthly 45 410 The present paper was concerned especially with Pólya's ‘contagion in probability’. 1969 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. A. 132 270 The basic idea for the formulation for new car demand is that consumers over-react with regard to desired car purchases. The main reason for this being the demonstration or contagion effect. 1986 Statistician 35 306 It can arise from a contagion model whereby the probability of sustaining an accident is originally the same for all individuals, but is altered so that the probability of an individual sustaining an accident increases linearly with the number of accidents he or she has already sustained. 1994 Statist. Sci. 9 94/2 The Matthew Effect—(a form of contagion—‘For unto every one that hath shall be given..: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath.’). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.c1386
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