† torfern.

Forms: Middle English torfere, ( -phere), -fir, Middle English -fer, -fare, Middle English torfor, tourfer, torfoyr, Scottish torfeir.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.

Etymology: Northern Middle English, < Old Norse tor-fœ́ra (feminine), or torfœ́ri neuter (modern Norwegian torføre ), a difficult or dangerous passage, < torfœ́rr adjective, hard or difficult to pass, < tor- tor adj. + fōr, preterite stem of fara to go.

Obsolete.

Hardship, trouble, distress; harm, mischief, injury.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun]

burstc1000

harmOE

scatheOE

teenOE

evil healc1175

waningc1175

hurt?c1225

quede?c1225

balec1275

damage1300

follyc1300

grill13..

ungain13..

torferc1325

eviltyc1330

wem1338

impairment1340

marring1357

unhend1377

sorrowc1380

pairingc1384

pairmentc1384

mischiefc1385

offencec1385

appairment1388

hindering1390

noyinga1398

bresta1400

envya1400

wemminga1400

gremec1400

wilc1400

blemishing1413

lesion?a1425

nocument?a1425

injuryc1430

mischieving1432

hindrance1436

detrimenta1440

ill1470

untroth1470

diversity1484

remordc1485

unhappinessc1485

grudge1491

wriguldy-wrag?1520

danger1530

dishort1535

perishment1540

wreaka1542

emperishment1545

impeachment1548

indemnity1556

impair1568

spoil1572

impeach1575

interestc1575

emblemishing1583

mishap1587

endamagement1593

blemishment1596

mischievance1600

damnificationa1631

oblesion1656

mishanter1754

vitiation1802

mar1876

jeel1887

the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun]

swenchOE

derfnessc1175

wandrethc1175

adversity?c1225

derf?c1225

swinka1250

torferc1325

afflictiona1382

stressc1390

marrementc1391

sorea1400

noyancec1400

infortunacya1500

aloea1529

afflict?1529

obduction1610

afflictedness1646

strain1853

besetment1872

wahala1966

catch-arse1970

the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun]

loathc900

teenOE

ungrithlOE

wemming1100

waningc1175

wrongc1275

prejudicec1300

derea1325

torferc1325

eviltyc1330

griefc1330

wem1338

injurec1374

truitc1390

noyinga1398

inconvenience14..

nocument?a1425

outraya1425

injuryc1430

mischieving1432

supprise1442

incommodityc1450

interess1489

grudge1491

tort1532

wreaka1542

impeachment1548

inconveniency1553

indemnity1556

interestc1575

abuse1595

mischievance1600

oblesion1656

grit1876

c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 158 For than pin we our bodye, With torfir and with martyrye.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6498 Þat he sal hald vs hale and fere, And warn vs fra ilkin tor-fere [Fairf. alkin torfere].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20002 Ful mani torfer [Trin. Cambr. turment] sufferd þai.

a1400–50 Alexander 3729 Quat tene & torfare may tide & tent to þine ende.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 1956 That schalle turne the to tene and torfere for ever.

c1440 York Myst. xl. 174 Suche torfoyr and torment of-telle herde I neuere.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii*^v Ye sall nane torfeir betyde I tak vpone hand.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	torfer
释义	† torfern. Forms: Middle English torfere, ( -phere), -fir, Middle English -fer, -fare, Middle English torfor, tourfer, torfoyr, Scottish torfeir. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymology: Northern Middle English, < Old Norse tor-fœ́ra (feminine), or torfœ́ri neuter (modern Norwegian torføre ), a difficult or dangerous passage, < torfœ́rr adjective, hard or difficult to pass, < tor- tor adj. + fōr, preterite stem of fara to go. Obsolete. Hardship, trouble, distress; harm, mischief, injury. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] burstc1000 harmOE scatheOE teenOE evil healc1175 waningc1175 hurt?c1225 quede?c1225 balec1275 damage1300 follyc1300 grill13.. ungain13.. torferc1325 eviltyc1330 wem1338 impairment1340 marring1357 unhend1377 sorrowc1380 pairingc1384 pairmentc1384 mischiefc1385 offencec1385 appairment1388 hindering1390 noyinga1398 bresta1400 envya1400 wemminga1400 gremec1400 wilc1400 blemishing1413 lesion?a1425 nocument?a1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 hindrance1436 detrimenta1440 ill1470 untroth1470 diversity1484 remordc1485 unhappinessc1485 grudge1491 wriguldy-wrag?1520 danger1530 dishort1535 perishment1540 wreaka1542 emperishment1545 impeachment1548 indemnity1556 impair1568 spoil1572 impeach1575 interestc1575 emblemishing1583 mishap1587 endamagement1593 blemishment1596 mischievance1600 damnificationa1631 oblesion1656 mishanter1754 vitiation1802 mar1876 jeel1887 the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] swenchOE derfnessc1175 wandrethc1175 adversity?c1225 derf?c1225 swinka1250 torferc1325 afflictiona1382 stressc1390 marrementc1391 sorea1400 noyancec1400 infortunacya1500 aloea1529 afflict?1529 obduction1610 afflictedness1646 strain1853 besetment1872 wahala1966 catch-arse1970 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] loathc900 teenOE ungrithlOE wemming1100 waningc1175 wrongc1275 prejudicec1300 derea1325 torferc1325 eviltyc1330 griefc1330 wem1338 injurec1374 truitc1390 noyinga1398 inconvenience14.. nocument?a1425 outraya1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 supprise1442 incommodityc1450 interess1489 grudge1491 tort1532 wreaka1542 impeachment1548 inconveniency1553 indemnity1556 interestc1575 abuse1595 mischievance1600 oblesion1656 grit1876 c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 158 For than pin we our bodye, With torfir and with martyrye. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6498 Þat he sal hald vs hale and fere, And warn vs fra ilkin tor-fere [Fairf. alkin torfere]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 20002 Ful mani torfer [Trin. Cambr. turment] sufferd þai. a1400–50 Alexander 3729 Quat tene & torfare may tide & tent to þine ende. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 1956 That schalle turne the to tene and torfere for ever. c1440 York Myst. xl. 174 Suche torfoyr and torment of-telle herde I neuere. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. cii*^v Ye sall nane torfeir betyde I tak vpone hand. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1325
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