anthropoidadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈanθrəpɔɪd/, U.S.

/ˈænθrəˌpɔɪd/

Forms: 1800s anthropoide, 1800s– anthropoid.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymon: Greek ἀνθρωποειδής.

Etymology: < ancient Greek ἀνθρωποειδής of human form < ἄνθρωπος human (see anthropo- comb. form) + -οειδής -oid suffix, in later use after scientific Latin Anthropoidea (St. G. Mivart 1864 in Proc. Zool. Soc. 635). Compare earlier scientific Latin Anthropoides (noun), name of a group of birds ( L. P. Vieillot Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithol. élémentaire (1816) 59). Compare French anthropoïde, noun (1816 with reference to birds in the source cited above; 1865 in Littré in palaeontological use).

A. adj.

a. Of an image, statue, robot, or other inanimate object: shaped like or resembling a human being.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > receptacle for remains > [adjective] > types of coffin

cistic1866

sarcophagous1885

anthropoid1912

1813 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Man viii. 448 All the mythological history of Sanchoniatho refers to the anthropoide deities of Egypt.

1880 F. L. Oswald Summerland Sketches x. 346 The human—or rather anthropoid—shapes were idols, to judge by their central positions and heroic proportions.

1912 T. E. Lawrence Home Lett. (1954) 235 Anthropoid means human ‘shaped’: the sarcophagus is like the sort of mummy-coffin that has a face carved on it.

1990 J. W. Parsons in A. Parfrey Apocalypse Culture (rev. ed.) 40 He..propitiates anthropoid gods, the blackened and shattered eidolons of his spirit, with sacrifices of blood.

1993 High Life (Brit. Airways) Sept. 71/3 He expects..a move away from the human conceit of building anthropoid or animal-based robots.

2007 Independent (Nexis) 3 Nov. (Mag.) 9 Antony is going to Flevoland, where he's erecting an enormous anthropoid statue, derived..from a cast of his own body.

b. With reference to a person: of apelike form or character; resembling (that of) an ape.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [adjective] > having specific appearance

huedc1000

beseemeda1250

lookingc1330

well-faringc1330

well-beseenc1374

farranda1400

homely?a1439

ill-favoured1530

seeming1590

looked1597

ill-looking1633

complexioned1639

ill-lookeda1640

leonine1660

plain-looking1744

natural-looking1810

anthropoid1881

thuggish-looking1903

new look1950

1881 Med. Press & Circular 30 Nov. 480/1 Torsion attains its greatest amount in man, but in the case of the negro its condition is intermediate between the more highly developed races and anthropoid men, a not unexpected deduction.

1930 Eng. Jrnl. 19 608 Mr. Mencken watched with alert eyes the simian antics of the anthropoid rabble at the Dayton farce.

1939 C. K. Allen Law in Making (ed. 3) 56 Some incalculably remote age when the life of anthropoid men was ‘nasty, brutish, and short’.

1973 J. Mills October Men iv. 62 His crewcut sloped down from the back of his head to a low-cut, anthropoid forehead.

2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Sept. g8 Not so the anthropoid jabberers seated next to me at the Village Vanguard on the night I went to hear Bill Frisell.

a. Of a primate: manlike; (originally) designating an ape; (in later use) spec. belonging to the group Anthropoidea (see sense B. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > [adjective] > of human form

two-legged1560

manlike1590

walkinga1616

hominiform1678

human-like1748

anthropomorphous1753

anthropomorphic1827

anthropoid1835

personified1851

bimanal1859

anthropoidal1865

humanoid1914

hominoid1950

android-

1835 London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. 7 73 I had arrived, in 1828, at the conclusion, that its deficiency was not connected with any distinction of species among the more anthropoid Simiæ.

1861 Lancet 14 Sept. 258/2 Professor Owen has obliged the Zoological Section of the British Association by a paper describing the characteristics of some of the more important anthropoid apes.

1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man xix. 375 Those species of the anthropoid quadrumana which are most akin to him [sc. man] in structure.

1900 A. W. Bickerton Romance of Earth xiii. 141 Mammals increased in intelligence and skill until the anthropoid creature that was the ancestor of man appeared.

1995 Amer. Jrnl. Physical Anthropol. 97 401/1 If the postcranial estimates are regarded as accurate, then P[roconsul] heseloni is relatively megadont..compared to modern anthropoid primates.

b. Originally: †characteristic of humans (obsolete). In later use: of, relating to, or characteristic of apes, or primates of the group Anthropoidea (see sense B. 2).

ΚΠ

1836 Lancet 7 May 203/1 The aquiline nose of the chimpanzee, compared with the flattened elongated bone of the orang, is a startling approximation to the anthropoid character.

1865 D. Wilson Prehist. Man (ed. 2) iii. 31 The assumed anthropoid link between man and the brutes.

1911 A. Keith Anc. Types Man ix. 83 The Heidelberg mandible shows a condition intermediate to the anthropoid and the modern human forms. The anthropoid jaw is the primitive one.

1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male xviii. 563 Some students believe that the sexual attraction between the anthropoid male and female has been fundamental in the development of the human and infra-human family.

2006 K. D. Rose Beginning Age Mammals x. 194/1 Where skulls are known, they reveal the diagnostic anthropoid traits of postorbital closure..and fusion of the frontal bones.

3. Anatomy. Of a human pelvis: having the anteroposterior diameter greater than the transverse diameter (as is typical of the human male pelvis); = dolichopellic adj.

ΚΠ

1933 Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 26 495 These features combined with the narrowed transverse diameter bear a close resemblance to the characters of the anthropoid pelvis.

1976 Obstetr. & Gynecol. 48 281/1 The adolescent pelvis grows at an accelerated rate and typically changes from an anthropoid to a gynecoid configuration.

1995 J. H. Schwartz Skeleton Keys 333 According to Clyne (1963, cited in Clemente, 1984): Platypelloid (platypellic)... Android (brachypellic)... Gynaecoid (mesatipellic)... Anthropoid (dolichopellic).

B. n.

1. A being that is human in form only; (also in later use) a person of apelike form or character.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > [noun] > being of human form

anthropoid1832

humanoid1870

1832 Q. Rev. 48 96 A race of Anthropoids,—neither Raleigh nor Sidney would have called them Men—has wormed itself into the dominion of the letter-press—not the literature of England.

1928 Amer. Mercury Oct. 199/2 His anthropoids would not even attempt an undertaking which they could not understand to some extent.

1944 H. L. Mencken Diary 19 July (1989) 325 The women are dumpy, puffy and pale, and the men are tall, thin and cadaverous. The war industries have brought thousands of these anthropoids to Baltimore.

1989 J. Purdy Garments Living Wear iv. 24 It had something once before all the glass boxes came and anthropoids ruled the streets.

2008 Independent 21 Jan. 31/2 Is it not more likely that some of them were turned into monsters by an upbringing designed to produce feral anthropoids, not human beings.

2. Originally: an ape or apelike creature. In later use: spec. a primate of the group Anthropoidea, now regarded as a suborder comprising monkeys, apes, and humans.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > member of superfamily Hominoidea (apes and humans) > family Pongidae (ape)

babiona1529

jackanapes1528

Johnanapes1633

man-monkey1651

ape1699

pygmy1699

Simia1719

great ape1771

anthropoid1861

pithecoid1874

man-ape1878

pongid1949

pithecine1962

1861 C. Lyell Let. 5 Nov. in Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1881) II. xxxv. 351 Huxley gave an account of the Neander-thal cranium [to the Philosophical Club], and asked what he should call it. Some one suggested ‘an anthropoid’, which he has adopted since.

1874 Indiana (Pa.) Progress 12 Nov. Possibly even then the anthropoid Pithecoid had developed far into the pithecoid Anthropoid.

1909 Amer. Anthropologist 11 504 In the female anthropoid the index of robusticity is less, the platymery greater..than in the male.

1925 J. A. Thomson Concerning Evol. iii. 210 The humanoids and the anthropoids parting company between a million and two million years ago.

1985 E. H. Colbert Wandering Lands & Animals (new ed.) ix. 235 Of particular interest in the Fayûm beds are the remains of small and ancient primates—including the earliest of the anthropoids.

2009 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Aug. 18/2 Scientists have long debated the origin of the anthropoids, also known as the higher primates.

Compounds

anthropoid ape n. any of the great apes (gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans), lesser apes (gibbons), and their extinct relatives.

ΚΠ

1836 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (ed. 3) I. ii. v. 287 (note) It seems that the portion of the cranial cavity most defective in space, when the anthropoid ape is compared with man, is the region posterior to the great foramen.

1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals viii. 201 The anthropoid apes utter a reiterated sound, corresponding with our laughter.

1922 Glasgow Herald 23 Dec. 4 Then came the separating off of the larger Anthropoid Apes, leaving the main stem humanoid.

1992 J. Hamilton-Paterson Seven-tenths v. i. 157 The terrestrial equivalent was the search for the ‘missing link’, a hypothetical extinct creature midway between the anthropoid apes and man.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	anthropoid
释义	anthropoidadj.n. Brit. /ˈanθrəpɔɪd/, U.S. /ˈænθrəˌpɔɪd/ Forms: 1800s anthropoide, 1800s– anthropoid. Origin: A borrowing from Greek; partly modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymon: Greek ἀνθρωποειδής. Etymology: < ancient Greek ἀνθρωποειδής of human form < ἄνθρωπος human (see anthropo- comb. form) + -οειδής -oid suffix, in later use after scientific Latin Anthropoidea (St. G. Mivart 1864 in Proc. Zool. Soc. 635). Compare earlier scientific Latin Anthropoides (noun), name of a group of birds ( L. P. Vieillot Analyse d'une nouvelle ornithol. élémentaire (1816) 59). Compare French anthropoïde, noun (1816 with reference to birds in the source cited above; 1865 in Littré in palaeontological use). A. adj. 1. a. Of an image, statue, robot, or other inanimate object: shaped like or resembling a human being. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > receptacle for remains > [adjective] > types of coffin cistic1866 sarcophagous1885 anthropoid1912 1813 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Man viii. 448 All the mythological history of Sanchoniatho refers to the anthropoide deities of Egypt. 1880 F. L. Oswald Summerland Sketches x. 346 The human—or rather anthropoid—shapes were idols, to judge by their central positions and heroic proportions. 1912 T. E. Lawrence Home Lett. (1954) 235 Anthropoid means human ‘shaped’: the sarcophagus is like the sort of mummy-coffin that has a face carved on it. 1990 J. W. Parsons in A. Parfrey Apocalypse Culture (rev. ed.) 40 He..propitiates anthropoid gods, the blackened and shattered eidolons of his spirit, with sacrifices of blood. 1993 High Life (Brit. Airways) Sept. 71/3 He expects..a move away from the human conceit of building anthropoid or animal-based robots. 2007 Independent (Nexis) 3 Nov. (Mag.) 9 Antony is going to Flevoland, where he's erecting an enormous anthropoid statue, derived..from a cast of his own body. b. With reference to a person: of apelike form or character; resembling (that of) an ape. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [adjective] > having specific appearance huedc1000 beseemeda1250 lookingc1330 well-faringc1330 well-beseenc1374 farranda1400 homely?a1439 ill-favoured1530 seeming1590 looked1597 ill-looking1633 complexioned1639 ill-lookeda1640 leonine1660 plain-looking1744 natural-looking1810 anthropoid1881 thuggish-looking1903 new look1950 1881 Med. Press & Circular 30 Nov. 480/1 Torsion attains its greatest amount in man, but in the case of the negro its condition is intermediate between the more highly developed races and anthropoid men, a not unexpected deduction. 1930 Eng. Jrnl. 19 608 Mr. Mencken watched with alert eyes the simian antics of the anthropoid rabble at the Dayton farce. 1939 C. K. Allen Law in Making (ed. 3) 56 Some incalculably remote age when the life of anthropoid men was ‘nasty, brutish, and short’. 1973 J. Mills October Men iv. 62 His crewcut sloped down from the back of his head to a low-cut, anthropoid forehead. 2002 Washington Post (Nexis) 1 Sept. g8 Not so the anthropoid jabberers seated next to me at the Village Vanguard on the night I went to hear Bill Frisell. 2. a. Of a primate: manlike; (originally) designating an ape; (in later use) spec. belonging to the group Anthropoidea (see sense B. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [adjective] > of human form two-legged1560 manlike1590 walkinga1616 hominiform1678 human-like1748 anthropomorphous1753 anthropomorphic1827 anthropoid1835 personified1851 bimanal1859 anthropoidal1865 humanoid1914 hominoid1950 android- 1835 London & Edinb. Philos. Mag. 7 73 I had arrived, in 1828, at the conclusion, that its deficiency was not connected with any distinction of species among the more anthropoid Simiæ. 1861 Lancet 14 Sept. 258/2 Professor Owen has obliged the Zoological Section of the British Association by a paper describing the characteristics of some of the more important anthropoid apes. 1863 C. Lyell Geol. Evid. Antiq. Man xix. 375 Those species of the anthropoid quadrumana which are most akin to him [sc. man] in structure. 1900 A. W. Bickerton Romance of Earth xiii. 141 Mammals increased in intelligence and skill until the anthropoid creature that was the ancestor of man appeared. 1995 Amer. Jrnl. Physical Anthropol. 97 401/1 If the postcranial estimates are regarded as accurate, then P[roconsul] heseloni is relatively megadont..compared to modern anthropoid primates. b. Originally: †characteristic of humans (obsolete). In later use: of, relating to, or characteristic of apes, or primates of the group Anthropoidea (see sense B. 2). ΚΠ 1836 Lancet 7 May 203/1 The aquiline nose of the chimpanzee, compared with the flattened elongated bone of the orang, is a startling approximation to the anthropoid character. 1865 D. Wilson Prehist. Man (ed. 2) iii. 31 The assumed anthropoid link between man and the brutes. 1911 A. Keith Anc. Types Man ix. 83 The Heidelberg mandible shows a condition intermediate to the anthropoid and the modern human forms. The anthropoid jaw is the primitive one. 1948 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behavior Human Male xviii. 563 Some students believe that the sexual attraction between the anthropoid male and female has been fundamental in the development of the human and infra-human family. 2006 K. D. Rose Beginning Age Mammals x. 194/1 Where skulls are known, they reveal the diagnostic anthropoid traits of postorbital closure..and fusion of the frontal bones. 3. Anatomy. Of a human pelvis: having the anteroposterior diameter greater than the transverse diameter (as is typical of the human male pelvis); = dolichopellic adj. ΚΠ 1933 Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 26 495 These features combined with the narrowed transverse diameter bear a close resemblance to the characters of the anthropoid pelvis. 1976 Obstetr. & Gynecol. 48 281/1 The adolescent pelvis grows at an accelerated rate and typically changes from an anthropoid to a gynecoid configuration. 1995 J. H. Schwartz Skeleton Keys 333 According to Clyne (1963, cited in Clemente, 1984): Platypelloid (platypellic)... Android (brachypellic)... Gynaecoid (mesatipellic)... Anthropoid (dolichopellic). B. n. 1. A being that is human in form only; (also in later use) a person of apelike form or character. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > [noun] > being of human form anthropoid1832 humanoid1870 1832 Q. Rev. 48 96 A race of Anthropoids,—neither Raleigh nor Sidney would have called them Men—has wormed itself into the dominion of the letter-press—not the literature of England. 1928 Amer. Mercury Oct. 199/2 His anthropoids would not even attempt an undertaking which they could not understand to some extent. 1944 H. L. Mencken Diary 19 July (1989) 325 The women are dumpy, puffy and pale, and the men are tall, thin and cadaverous. The war industries have brought thousands of these anthropoids to Baltimore. 1989 J. Purdy Garments Living Wear iv. 24 It had something once before all the glass boxes came and anthropoids ruled the streets. 2008 Independent 21 Jan. 31/2 Is it not more likely that some of them were turned into monsters by an upbringing designed to produce feral anthropoids, not human beings. 2. Originally: an ape or apelike creature. In later use: spec. a primate of the group Anthropoidea, now regarded as a suborder comprising monkeys, apes, and humans. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > group Catarrhinae (Old World monkey) > member of superfamily Hominoidea (apes and humans) > family Pongidae (ape) babiona1529 jackanapes1528 Johnanapes1633 man-monkey1651 ape1699 pygmy1699 Simia1719 great ape1771 anthropoid1861 pithecoid1874 man-ape1878 pongid1949 pithecine1962 1861 C. Lyell Let. 5 Nov. in Life, Lett. & Jrnls. (1881) II. xxxv. 351 Huxley gave an account of the Neander-thal cranium [to the Philosophical Club], and asked what he should call it. Some one suggested ‘an anthropoid’, which he has adopted since. 1874 Indiana (Pa.) Progress 12 Nov. Possibly even then the anthropoid Pithecoid had developed far into the pithecoid Anthropoid. 1909 Amer. Anthropologist 11 504 In the female anthropoid the index of robusticity is less, the platymery greater..than in the male. 1925 J. A. Thomson Concerning Evol. iii. 210 The humanoids and the anthropoids parting company between a million and two million years ago. 1985 E. H. Colbert Wandering Lands & Animals (new ed.) ix. 235 Of particular interest in the Fayûm beds are the remains of small and ancient primates—including the earliest of the anthropoids. 2009 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Aug. 18/2 Scientists have long debated the origin of the anthropoids, also known as the higher primates. Compounds anthropoid ape n. any of the great apes (gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangutans), lesser apes (gibbons), and their extinct relatives. ΚΠ 1836 J. C. Prichard Res. Physical Hist. Mankind (ed. 3) I. ii. v. 287 (note) It seems that the portion of the cranial cavity most defective in space, when the anthropoid ape is compared with man, is the region posterior to the great foramen. 1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals viii. 201 The anthropoid apes utter a reiterated sound, corresponding with our laughter. 1922 Glasgow Herald 23 Dec. 4 Then came the separating off of the larger Anthropoid Apes, leaving the main stem humanoid. 1992 J. Hamilton-Paterson Seven-tenths v. i. 157 The terrestrial equivalent was the search for the ‘missing link’, a hypothetical extinct creature midway between the anthropoid apes and man. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.1813
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