单词 | complexion |
释义 | complexionn. I. From Romanic and medieval Latin. a. In the physiology and natural philosophy of the Middle Ages: The combination of supposed qualities (cold or hot, and moist or dry) in a certain proportion, determining the nature of a body, plant, etc.; the combination of the four ‘humours’ of the body in a certain proportion, or the bodily habit attributed to such combination; ‘temperament’. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > disposition arising from humours complexion1393 temperature1561 humour?1563 temperament1628 the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > combination of complexion1393 crasis1602 temperament1628 tetrasyncrasy1651 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 116 Whose [Saturn's] complexion Is colde. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. B.) 10 Þe qualities..ben foure: hot, colde, moyst and drye, and complexiouns ben by ham, yt ys necessarie to fynden in bodies þat ben medlyde, foure complexiouns; complexioun ys noþynge ellys but a manere qualitie medlyde in worchynge. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 335 Of his complexcion he was sangwyn. 1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) Q a Complexion is a combynation of two dyvers qualities of the foure elementes in one bodye, as hotte and drye of the Fyre: hotte and moyste of the Ayre. 1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. B.jv The Grystle..is of complexion colde and drye. 1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. B.iv The flesh..is in complexion hote and moyst. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lvi. 397 It engendreth fevers in suche as be of a hoate complexion. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxviii. 633 Arsesmart is colde and dry of complexion. 1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 3 A Mans Complexion, of which there are commonly reckon'd four kinds, viz. the Cholerick, the Phlegmatick, the Sanguine and the Melancholy. 1712 J. Henley Spectator No. 396. ⁋2 These Portraitures..give that melancholy Tincture to the most sanguine Complexion, which this Gentleman calls an Inclination to be in a Brown-study. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More (1831) I. 254 As long as practitioners proceeded upon the gratuitous theory of elementary Complections. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > collection of complexionc1374 fluor1665 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 369 Leches seyne that of complecciouns Proceden they [dreams], or fast, or glotonie. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lvii. 174 The bones ben greuyd by gadrynge of grete complexion and humours in the joyntes of bones. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxxiv Melancoly otherwise named blacke coler..is one of the .iiii. complexions or humours, and is colde & drye. 1689 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 314 This variety of dreams which he, as well as Hippocrates, and others..attribute to the crasis and constitution of the body and complexions domineering. a. Bodily habit or constitution (originally supposed to be constituted by the ‘humours’). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] > determined by humours complexion1340 commixture1598 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Þou art to fiebble of compleccioun, þou ne miȝt naȝt do þe greate penonces. 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton B vj b Thou oughtest to slepe..whan..that nature requyreth hit and thy complexyon. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos 85 [She] prepared to hym [the dragon] his mete, alle after his complexion. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cvii. [ciii.] 310 The Countrey was not mete for their complexions. 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xivv If the partie be weke and of feble complexion. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 100 Me thinkes it is very sully and hot, or my complection. 1686 F. Spence tr. A. Varillas Ἀνεκδοτα Ἑτερουιακα 292 He was of so strong and sound a complexion. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. II. xx. 5 The duke of Brabant was of a sickly complexion and weak mind. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] naturec1275 kindc1300 complexion1398 habitudec1400 disposition1477 constitution1553 corporature1555 habit1576 composition1578 temper1601 composure1628 schesis1684 stamina1701 habitus1886 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. xx The tongue, towchinge the complexion of the substaunce therof is holowe and moyste. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A.) 21 Þe maris [matrix] of womman haþ an able complexcioun to conseiven. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A.) 22 Þese smale lymes han dyvers foormes, complexciouns & helpingis aftir þe dyversitees of þe proporciouns of þe mater, which þat þei ben maad of. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. ix. 146 [Of Sea-sickness] We see some are taken therewith passing rivers in Barkes: others..going in Coches and Carosses, according to the divers complexions of the stomacke. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] heartOE erda1000 moodOE i-mindOE i-cundeOE costc1175 lundc1175 evena1200 kinda1225 custc1275 couragec1300 the manner ofc1300 qualityc1300 talentc1330 attemperancec1374 complexionc1386 dispositiona1387 propertyc1390 naturea1393 assay1393 inclinationa1398 gentlenessa1400 proprietya1400 habitudec1400 makingc1400 conditionc1405 habitc1405 conceitc1425 affecta1460 ingeny1477 engine1488 stomach?1510 mind?a1513 ingine1533 affection1534 vein1536 humour?1563 natural1564 facultyc1565 concept1566 frame1567 temperature1583 geniusa1586 bent1587 constitution1589 composition1597 character1600 tune1600 qualification1602 infusion1604 spirits1604 dispose1609 selfness1611 disposure1613 composurea1616 racea1616 tempera1616 crasisc1616 directiona1639 grain1641 turn1647 complexure1648 genie1653 make1674 personality1710 tonea1751 bearing1795 liver1800 make-up1821 temperament1821 naturalness1850 selfhood1854 Wesen1854 naturel1856 sit1857 fibre1864 character structure1873 mentality1895 mindset1909 psyche1910 where it's (he's, she's) at1967 c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋511 Or ellis his complexioun is so corrageous that he may not forbere. c1485 Mor. Wisd. in Digby Myst. (1882) v. 343 I know all compleccions of man, wher-to he is most disposed. 1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 20 Here mayst thou se of what nature and complexion Tindale is. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 28 Shylocke..knew the bird was flidge, and then it is the complexion of them all to leaue the dam. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 276 Something of that iealous complexion . View more context for this quotation 1702 Eng. Theophrastus 120 Men that are cowards by complexion are hardly to be made valiant by discourse. 1742 D. Hume Sceptic in Ess. (1817) I. 176 A very amorous complexion. 1791 E. Burke Let. to Member National Assembly 31 He ought to be fearful of putting into the hands of youth writers indulgent to the peculiarities of their own complexion. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 258 The two complexions, or two styles of mind,—the perceptive class, and the practical finality class. 4. a. The natural colour, texture, and appearance of the skin, esp. of the face; originally as showing the ‘temperament’ or bodily constitution. (Now, without any such notion, the ordinary sense.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > [noun] bleea1225 huec1275 colourc1300 complexion1580 reward1673 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 575 The Lady Margaret..was of such nasty complexion and euill sauored breath.] 1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 94v Rhodope being beautiful (if a good complection and fare fauour be tearmed beautie). 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. i. 1 Mislike me not for my complexion, The shadowed liuerie of the burnisht sunne. View more context for this quotation a1639 H. Wotton Surv. Educ. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 78 The child's colour or complexion (as we vulgarily term it). 1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. viii. 161 People of more different Complexions..from the cole black to a light tawney. 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 96 A beautiful complexion. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 72 The English face..with the fair complexion, blue eyes, and open..florid aspect. ΚΠ 1822 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 27 3 Having a red beard, a complexion very unusual in Portugal. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun] leera700 nebeOE onseneeOE wlitec950 anlethOE nebshaftc1225 snouta1300 facec1300 visage1303 semblantc1315 vicea1325 cheera1350 countenance1393 front1398 fashiona1400 visurec1400 physiognomyc1425 groina1500 faxa1522 favour1525 facies1565 visor1575 complexiona1616 frontispiecea1625 mun1667 phiz1687 mug1708 mazard1725 physiog1791 dial plate1811 fizzog1811 jiba1825 dial1837 figurehead1840 Chevy Chase1859 mooey1859 snoot1861 chivvy1889 clock1899 map1899 mush1902 pan1920 kisser1938 boat1958 boat race1958 punim1965 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 64 Turne thy complexion there. View more context for this quotation 5. transferred. Of other things: Colour, visible aspect, look, appearance. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > [noun] > a colour bleec888 hue971 colourc1300 lita1325 tincture1477 tainture1490 taint1567 distain1581 complexion1597 tinct1604 tint1716 tinto1739 hwe- the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun] onseneeOE bleea1000 shapeOE ylikeOE laitc1175 semblanta1225 sightc1275 fare1297 showingc1300 specea1325 parelc1330 guise1340 countenance1362 semblance?a1366 apparel1377 regardc1380 apparencec1384 imagec1384 spicec1384 overseeminga1398 kenninga1400 seemingc1400 visage1422 rinda1450 semenauntc1450 'pearance1456 outwardc1475 representation1489 favour?a1500 figurea1522 assemblant1523 prospect?1533 respect1535 visure1545 perceiverance1546 outwardshine1549 view1556 species1559 utter-shape1566 look1567 physiognomy1567 face1572 paintry1573 visor1575 mienc1586 superficies?1589 behaviour1590 aspect1594 complexion1597 confrontment1604 show1604 aira1616 beseeminga1616 formality1615 resemblancea1616 blush1620 upcomea1630 presentment1637 scheme1655 sensation1662 visibility1669 plumage1707 facies1727 remark1748 extrinsica1797 exterior1801 showance1820 the cut of one's jib1823 personnel1839 personal appearance1842 what-like1853 look-see1898 outwall1933 visuality1938 prosopon1947 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 190 Men iudge by the complexion of the skie, The state and inclination of the day. View more context for this quotation 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. vi. 97 Clove..dryed in the Sun, becommeth blacke, and in the Complexion we receive it. View more context for this quotation 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 71 [Metals] reduced again into their natural Form and Complexions. 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) i. 90 The wear and tear of weather, which has effaced..the features and tanned the complexion of all the other temples. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours tincturec1400 popping?c1450 ceruse1519 fard1540 parget1593 fucus1600 paint1600 blanch1601 complexion1601 priming colour1616 complexion-maker1619 whitewash1649 blanc1764 blusher1965 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Catal. Words Art Fukes..They are called at this day complexions, whereas they be cleane contrarie; for the complexion is naturall, and these altogether artificiall. 1608 Bp. J. Hall Characters Vertues & Vices ii. 117 He hath salues for euery sore;..complexion for euery face. 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Complexion, sometime..painting used by women. 7. a. figurative (from senses 1 – 3). Quality, character, condition; in modern use often with some notion of ‘tinge, colour, aspect’ from senses 4, 5. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. v. 124 Vnder these three principall complexions (if I may with leaue so terme them) high, meane and base stile, there be contained many other humors or qualities of stile. a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) Pref. sig. B v The amendment..of the very nature and complection of the whole law. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Westm. 238 The complexion of the times being altered. 1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iii. 10 Upon [your education] the complexion of all the rest of your days will infallibly depend. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. ii. vi. 309 These acts..were counterbalanced by others of an opposite complexion. b. (figurative from 4 or 5.) Appearance, aspect. ΚΠ 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 684 Skill..in putting off the evil day; and in giving a fair complexion to the present one. II. From old Latin senses. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [noun] beclipping1340 complexion1493 clipa1586 brace1589 twine1602 fold1609 grasp1609 claspa1616 abrazoa1626 colla1627 cling1633 hug1659 folding1713 squeeze1790 cuddle1825 bear squeeze1845 bear hug1870 clinch1901 bosie1952 side hug1984 cwtch1992 bro hug2000 1493 Festivall (1515) 88 b For flesshely complexcyon of a man and woman..Our lady..conceyued not with complexcyon of man. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > action or fact of combining compositionc1386 combining1552 combination1604 coalition1605 systasis1605 combinement1606 integration1620 conflation1626 complexion1628 coincidence1647 integrating1654 complication1655 consolidationa1676 composure1715 join-worka1774 amalgamy1788 amalgamation1828 synthesizing1830 synthesisa1834 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 11 [In] the second Chapter of Aristotles Categories..wee haue these words: Those things, which are contained in Logick, bee (1) without complexion [ἄνευ συμπλοκῆς], (2) with complexion [κατὰ συμπλοκήν]. 1656 R. Vines Treat. Lords-supper (1677) 80 We take the Sacrament, and the thing of the Sacrament in complexion. 1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. 1. xi. 69 The Syriac..sprang up.. from the complexion or combination of the Hebrew and Chaldee. 1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. 259 Beside this Complexion which belongs to the Subject or Predicate. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > a combination combination?1533 composition1556 composure1609 composture1614 compound1621 annexationa1626 conjugation1626 complexiona1637 composta1640 consistence1641 conferrumination1647 compositum1652 copulation1774 amalgam1790 amalgamation1828 combo1929 a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. v, in Wks. (1640) III Dipthongs are the complexions, or couplings of Vowells. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 28 The various Complexions and Conjugations of those Simple Elements. a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1879) II. xli. 727 Most rights and duties..are complexions or aggregates of elementary rights and duties. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole wholec1450 complexa1652 complexum1664 complexion1678 complication1750 synthesis1865 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > state of being composite > [noun] > a composite thing or complex whole aggregatea1425 wholec1450 partage1593 compagesa1638 complexa1652 composite1656 complexum1664 complicate1664 complexion1678 wholenessa1681 compagea1682 complication1750 synthesis1865 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. A4v Whatsoever is Contained within The Complexion of the Universe. 1782 Watts's Improvem. Mind (rev. ed.) xii. 113 That..the whole Complexion [1741 Complexum] of the Debate may not be thrown into Confusion. Compounds General attributive (in sense 4.) complexion brush n. ΚΠ 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 33/2 Complexion Brush..especially constructed for massaging the skin. complexion cream n. ΚΠ 1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 536/2 Complexion cream. For face massage, tin 1/0. complexion-maker n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours tincturec1400 popping?c1450 ceruse1519 fard1540 parget1593 fucus1600 paint1600 blanch1601 complexion1601 priming colour1616 complexion-maker1619 whitewash1649 blanc1764 blusher1965 1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. (1630) 136 Complexion-makers wee haue..for withered faces. complexion milk n. ΚΠ 1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart iii. i. 334 Anna wiped complexion milk off her fingers on to a tissue. complexion powder n. ΚΠ 1864 Englishwoman's Domest. Mag. July 117 A complexion-powder called batikha, which is used in all the harems for whitening the skin, is made in the following manner. 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 34/3 Pozzoni's Complexion Powder. complexion soap n. ΚΠ 1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 109/3 Lana Oil Complexion Soap..for preserving the skin and leaving it soft and pliable. 1970 Vogue May 173 (advt.) Our White Rose & Cucumber Complexion soap is very feminine. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021). complexionv.ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct workOE dighta1175 to set upc1275 graitha1300 formc1300 pitchc1330 compoundc1374 to put togethera1387 performc1395 bigc1400 elementc1400 complexion1413 erect1417 framea1450 edifya1464 compose1481 construe1490 to lay together1530 perstruct1547 to piece together1572 condite1578 conflate1583 compile1590 to put together1591 to set together1603 draw1604 build1605 fabric1623 complicate1624 composit1640 constitute1646 compaginate1648 upa1658 complex1659 construct1663 structurate1664 structure1664 confect1677 to put up1699 rig1754 effect1791 structuralize1913 1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxvi. 71 The sowle of another body, the whiche is complexyoned and formed of more ruder mater. 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr ii. 12 The Elements of the Christian Religion, of which it was fram'd and complexioned. a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 155 London is a body well complexioned. 2. To give a complexion, colour, or tinge to. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > beautify (the skin or complexion) [verb (transitive)] > paint or colour painta1382 farcec1400 farda1450 parget1581 complexion1612 surfle1633 cerusea1640 petre1656 lacquer1688 whitewasha1704 enamel1804 peachify1853 to mug up1859 highlight1935 the world > matter > colour > colouring > colour [verb (transitive)] > tinge tinge1577 endamaska1586 betainta1592 touch1609 betinge1821 complexion1861 1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 41 Our woemen..in curling their tresses, in azuring their veines, in complexioning their cheeks. 1861 L. L. Noble After Icebergs 58 The headland..richly complexioned with red, brown and green. Derivatives comˈplexioning n. also attributive. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > painting or colouring fardryc1430 painting1435 popping?c1450 farding1545 licking1549 fucation1612 tincturing1616 complexioning1656 fucusinga1680 highlighting1905 the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > treatments complexioning1656 beauty treatment1882 facial1910 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 25 The use of any colouring or complexioning of the face or skin. 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 198 Ladies complexioning arts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.1340v.1413 |
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