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单词 complexion
释义

complexionn.

/kəmˈplɛkʃən/
Forms: Middle English complexioun, Middle English–1500s complexione, complexyon, Middle English–1500s compleccioun, compleccion(e, compleccyon, complexcion, complexcioun, complexcyon, 1500s complextion, Middle English–1800s complection, Middle English– complexion.
Etymology: < French complexion (13th cent. in Littré), < Latin complexiōn-em ‘combination, connection, association’, later ‘physical constitution or conformation’, < complex- participial stem of complectĕre taken analytically < com- together + plectĕre to plait, twine.
I. From Romanic and medieval Latin.
1.
a. In the physiology and natural philosophy of the Middle Ages: The combination of supposed qualities (cold or hot, and moist or dry) in a certain proportion, determining the nature of a body, plant, etc.; the combination of the four ‘humours’ of the body in a certain proportion, or the bodily habit attributed to such combination; ‘temperament’. Obsolete exc. Historical.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > disposition arising from humours
complexion1393
temperature1561
humour?1563
temperament1628
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > combination of
complexion1393
crasis1602
temperament1628
tetrasyncrasy1651
1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 116 Whose [Saturn's] complexion Is colde.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. B.) 10 Þe qualities..ben foure: hot, colde, moyst and drye, and complexiouns ben by ham, yt ys necessarie to fynden in bodies þat ben medlyde, foure complexiouns; complexioun ys noþynge ellys but a manere qualitie medlyde in worchynge.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 335 Of his complexcion he was sangwyn.
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) Q a Complexion is a combynation of two dyvers qualities of the foure elementes in one bodye, as hotte and drye of the Fyre: hotte and moyste of the Ayre.
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. B.jv The Grystle..is of complexion colde and drye.
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. B.iv The flesh..is in complexion hote and moyst.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. lvi. 397 It engendreth fevers in suche as be of a hoate complexion.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball v. lxviii. 633 Arsesmart is colde and dry of complexion.
1683 T. Tryon Way to Health 3 A Mans Complexion, of which there are commonly reckon'd four kinds, viz. the Cholerick, the Phlegmatick, the Sanguine and the Melancholy.
1712 J. Henley Spectator No. 396. ⁋2 These Portraitures..give that melancholy Tincture to the most sanguine Complexion, which this Gentleman calls an Inclination to be in a Brown-study.
1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More (1831) I. 254 As long as practitioners proceeded upon the gratuitous theory of elementary Complections.
b. Also used as equivalent to ‘humour’, or to ‘collection of humours’. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > humours > collection of
complexionc1374
fluor1665
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 369 Leches seyne that of complecciouns Proceden they [dreams], or fast, or glotonie.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lvii. 174 The bones ben greuyd by gadrynge of grete complexion and humours in the joyntes of bones.
1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxxxxiv Melancoly otherwise named blacke coler..is one of the .iiii. complexions or humours, and is colde & drye.
1689 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) III. 314 This variety of dreams which he, as well as Hippocrates, and others..attribute to the crasis and constitution of the body and complexions domineering.
2.
a. Bodily habit or constitution (originally supposed to be constituted by the ‘humours’). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] > determined by humours
complexion1340
commixture1598
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 31 Þou art to fiebble of compleccioun, þou ne miȝt naȝt do þe greate penonces.
1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton B vj b Thou oughtest to slepe..whan..that nature requyreth hit and thy complexyon.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos 85 [She] prepared to hym [the dragon] his mete, alle after his complexion.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cvii. [ciii.] 310 The Countrey was not mete for their complexions.
1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde i. f. xivv If the partie be weke and of feble complexion.
1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. ii. 100 Me thinkes it is very sully and hot, or my complection.
1686 F. Spence tr. A. Varillas Ἀνεκδοτα Ἑτερουιακα 292 He was of so strong and sound a complexion.
1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. II. xx. 5 The duke of Brabant was of a sickly complexion and weak mind.
b. Physical constitution or nature (of members of the body). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun]
naturec1275
kindc1300
complexion1398
habitudec1400
disposition1477
constitution1553
corporature1555
habit1576
composition1578
temper1601
composure1628
schesis1684
stamina1701
habitus1886
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iii. xx The tongue, towchinge the complexion of the substaunce therof is holowe and moyste.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A.) 21 Þe maris [matrix] of womman haþ an able complexcioun to conseiven.
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. (MS. A.) 22 Þese smale lymes han dyvers foormes, complexciouns & helpingis aftir þe dyversitees of þe proporciouns of þe mater, which þat þei ben maad of.
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. ix. 146 [Of Sea-sickness] We see some are taken therewith passing rivers in Barkes: others..going in Coches and Carosses, according to the divers complexions of the stomacke.
3. Constitution or habit of mind, disposition, temperament; ‘nature’. Obsolete (except as figurative of 4).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun]
heartOE
erda1000
moodOE
i-mindOE
i-cundeOE
costc1175
lundc1175
evena1200
kinda1225
custc1275
couragec1300
the manner ofc1300
qualityc1300
talentc1330
attemperancec1374
complexionc1386
dispositiona1387
propertyc1390
naturea1393
assay1393
inclinationa1398
gentlenessa1400
proprietya1400
habitudec1400
makingc1400
conditionc1405
habitc1405
conceitc1425
affecta1460
ingeny1477
engine1488
stomach?1510
mind?a1513
ingine1533
affection1534
vein1536
humour?1563
natural1564
facultyc1565
concept1566
frame1567
temperature1583
geniusa1586
bent1587
constitution1589
composition1597
character1600
tune1600
qualification1602
infusion1604
spirits1604
dispose1609
selfness1611
disposure1613
composurea1616
racea1616
tempera1616
crasisc1616
directiona1639
grain1641
turn1647
complexure1648
genie1653
make1674
personality1710
tonea1751
bearing1795
liver1800
make-up1821
temperament1821
naturalness1850
selfhood1854
Wesen1854
naturel1856
sit1857
fibre1864
character structure1873
mentality1895
mindset1909
psyche1910
where it's (he's, she's) at1967
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋511 Or ellis his complexioun is so corrageous that he may not forbere.
c1485 Mor. Wisd. in Digby Myst. (1882) v. 343 I know all compleccions of man, wher-to he is most disposed.
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 20 Here mayst thou se of what nature and complexion Tindale is.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. i. 28 Shylocke..knew the bird was flidge, and then it is the complexion of them all to leaue the dam. View more context for this quotation
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing ii. i. 276 Something of that iealous complexion . View more context for this quotation
1702 Eng. Theophrastus 120 Men that are cowards by complexion are hardly to be made valiant by discourse.
1742 D. Hume Sceptic in Ess. (1817) I. 176 A very amorous complexion.
1791 E. Burke Let. to Member National Assembly 31 He ought to be fearful of putting into the hands of youth writers indulgent to the peculiarities of their own complexion.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xiv. 258 The two complexions, or two styles of mind,—the perceptive class, and the practical finality class.
4.
a. The natural colour, texture, and appearance of the skin, esp. of the face; originally as showing the ‘temperament’ or bodily constitution. (Now, without any such notion, the ordinary sense.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > [noun]
bleea1225
huec1275
colourc1300
complexion1580
reward1673
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 575 The Lady Margaret..was of such nasty complexion and euill sauored breath.]
1580 J. Lyly Euphues & his Eng. (new ed.) f. 94v Rhodope being beautiful (if a good complection and fare fauour be tearmed beautie).
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice ii. i. 1 Mislike me not for my complexion, The shadowed liuerie of the burnisht sunne. View more context for this quotation
a1639 H. Wotton Surv. Educ. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1672) 78 The child's colour or complexion (as we vulgarily term it).
1699 W. Dampier Voy. & Descr. i. viii. 161 People of more different Complexions..from the cole black to a light tawney.
1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty xii. 96 A beautiful complexion.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 72 The English face..with the fair complexion, blue eyes, and open..florid aspect.
figurative.1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. ii. 5 It discolors the complexion of my greatnes to acknowledge it. View more context for this quotation
b. Rarely, the colour of hair or beard. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1822 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 27 3 Having a red beard, a complexion very unusual in Portugal.
c. Countenance, face. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > [noun]
leera700
nebeOE
onseneeOE
wlitec950
anlethOE
nebshaftc1225
snouta1300
facec1300
visage1303
semblantc1315
vicea1325
cheera1350
countenance1393
front1398
fashiona1400
visurec1400
physiognomyc1425
groina1500
faxa1522
favour1525
facies1565
visor1575
complexiona1616
frontispiecea1625
mun1667
phiz1687
mug1708
mazard1725
physiog1791
dial plate1811
fizzog1811
jiba1825
dial1837
figurehead1840
Chevy Chase1859
mooey1859
snoot1861
chivvy1889
clock1899
map1899
mush1902
pan1920
kisser1938
boat1958
boat race1958
punim1965
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) iv. ii. 64 Turne thy complexion there. View more context for this quotation
5. transferred. Of other things: Colour, visible aspect, look, appearance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > [noun] > a colour
bleec888
hue971
colourc1300
lita1325
tincture1477
tainture1490
taint1567
distain1581
complexion1597
tinct1604
tint1716
tinto1739
hwe-
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > [noun]
onseneeOE
bleea1000
shapeOE
ylikeOE
laitc1175
semblanta1225
sightc1275
fare1297
showingc1300
specea1325
parelc1330
guise1340
countenance1362
semblance?a1366
apparel1377
regardc1380
apparencec1384
imagec1384
spicec1384
overseeminga1398
kenninga1400
seemingc1400
visage1422
rinda1450
semenauntc1450
'pearance1456
outwardc1475
representation1489
favour?a1500
figurea1522
assemblant1523
prospect?1533
respect1535
visure1545
perceiverance1546
outwardshine1549
view1556
species1559
utter-shape1566
look1567
physiognomy1567
face1572
paintry1573
visor1575
mienc1586
superficies?1589
behaviour1590
aspect1594
complexion1597
confrontment1604
show1604
aira1616
beseeminga1616
formality1615
resemblancea1616
blush1620
upcomea1630
presentment1637
scheme1655
sensation1662
visibility1669
plumage1707
facies1727
remark1748
extrinsica1797
exterior1801
showance1820
the cut of one's jib1823
personnel1839
personal appearance1842
what-like1853
look-see1898
outwall1933
visuality1938
prosopon1947
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II iii. ii. 190 Men iudge by the complexion of the skie, The state and inclination of the day. View more context for this quotation
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. vi. 97 Clove..dryed in the Sun, becommeth blacke, and in the Complexion we receive it. View more context for this quotation
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 71 [Metals] reduced again into their natural Form and Complexions.
1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) i. 90 The wear and tear of weather, which has effaced..the features and tanned the complexion of all the other temples.
6. A colouring preparation applied (by women) to ‘give a complexion’ to the face. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours
tincturec1400
popping?c1450
ceruse1519
fard1540
parget1593
fucus1600
paint1600
blanch1601
complexion1601
priming colour1616
complexion-maker1619
whitewash1649
blanc1764
blusher1965
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. Catal. Words Art Fukes..They are called at this day complexions, whereas they be cleane contrarie; for the complexion is naturall, and these altogether artificiall.
1608 Bp. J. Hall Characters Vertues & Vices ii. 117 He hath salues for euery sore;..complexion for euery face.
1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Complexion, sometime..painting used by women.
7.
a. figurative (from senses 1 3). Quality, character, condition; in modern use often with some notion of ‘tinge, colour, aspect’ from senses 4, 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun]
birtha1250
the manner ofc1300
formc1310
propertyc1390
naturea1393
condition1393
qualitya1398
temperc1400
taragec1407
naturality?a1425
profession?a1439
affecta1460
temperament1471
essence?1533
affection1534
spirit?1534
temperature1539
natural spirit1541
character1577
complexion1589
tincture1590
idiom1596
qualification1602
texture1611
connativea1618
thread1632
genius1639
complexure1648
quale1654
indoles1672
suchness1674
staminaa1676
trim1707
tenor1725
colouring1735
tint1760
type1843
aura1859
thusness1883
physis1923
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie iii. v. 124 Vnder these three principall complexions (if I may with leaue so terme them) high, meane and base stile, there be contained many other humors or qualities of stile.
a1626 F. Bacon Elements Common Lawes (1630) Pref. sig. B v The amendment..of the very nature and complection of the whole law.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Westm. 238 The complexion of the times being altered.
1754 Earl of Chatham Lett. to Nephew (1804) iii. 10 Upon [your education] the complexion of all the rest of your days will infallibly depend.
1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico I. ii. vi. 309 These acts..were counterbalanced by others of an opposite complexion.
b. (figurative from 4 or 5.) Appearance, aspect.
ΚΠ
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. viii. 684 Skill..in putting off the evil day; and in giving a fair complexion to the present one.
II. From old Latin senses.
8. Embrace. [ < Latin complexus.] Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > embrace > [noun]
beclipping1340
complexion1493
clipa1586
brace1589
twine1602
fold1609
grasp1609
claspa1616
abrazoa1626
colla1627
cling1633
hug1659
folding1713
squeeze1790
cuddle1825
bear squeeze1845
bear hug1870
clinch1901
bosie1952
side hug1984
cwtch1992
bro hug2000
1493 Festivall (1515) 88 b For flesshely complexcyon of a man and woman..Our lady..conceyued not with complexcyon of man.
9. Complication, combination. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > action or fact of combining
compositionc1386
combining1552
combination1604
coalition1605
systasis1605
combinement1606
integration1620
conflation1626
complexion1628
coincidence1647
integrating1654
complication1655
consolidationa1676
composure1715
join-worka1774
amalgamy1788
amalgamation1828
synthesizing1830
synthesisa1834
1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 11 [In] the second Chapter of Aristotles Categories..wee haue these words: Those things, which are contained in Logick, bee (1) without complexion [ἄνευ συμπλοκῆς], (2) with complexion [κατὰ συμπλοκήν].
1656 R. Vines Treat. Lords-supper (1677) 80 We take the Sacrament, and the thing of the Sacrament in complexion.
1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I i. 1. xi. 69 The Syriac..sprang up.. from the complexion or combination of the Hebrew and Chaldee.
1725 I. Watts Logick ii. ii. 259 Beside this Complexion which belongs to the Subject or Predicate.
10. quasi-concrete. A coupling, a combination.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being combined > [noun] > a combination
combination?1533
composition1556
composure1609
composture1614
compound1621
annexationa1626
conjugation1626
complexiona1637
composta1640
consistence1641
conferrumination1647
compositum1652
copulation1774
amalgam1790
amalgamation1828
combo1929
a1637 B. Jonson Eng. Gram. i. v, in Wks. (1640) III Dipthongs are the complexions, or couplings of Vowells.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. i. 28 The various Complexions and Conjugations of those Simple Elements.
a1859 J. Austin Lect. Jurispr. (1879) II. xli. 727 Most rights and duties..are complexions or aggregates of elementary rights and duties.
11. = complex n. 1. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > [noun] > a complex whole
wholec1450
complexa1652
complexum1664
complexion1678
complication1750
synthesis1865
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > state of being composite > [noun] > a composite thing or complex whole
aggregatea1425
wholec1450
partage1593
compagesa1638
complexa1652
composite1656
complexum1664
complicate1664
complexion1678
wholenessa1681
compagea1682
complication1750
synthesis1865
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe Pref. sig. A4v Whatsoever is Contained within The Complexion of the Universe.
1782 Watts's Improvem. Mind (rev. ed.) xii. 113 That..the whole Complexion [1741 Complexum] of the Debate may not be thrown into Confusion.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 4.)
complexion brush n.
ΚΠ
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 33/2 Complexion Brush..especially constructed for massaging the skin.
complexion cream n.
ΚΠ
1907 Yesterday's Shopping (1969) 536/2 Complexion cream. For face massage, tin 1/0.
complexion-maker n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > paints or colours
tincturec1400
popping?c1450
ceruse1519
fard1540
parget1593
fucus1600
paint1600
blanch1601
complexion1601
priming colour1616
complexion-maker1619
whitewash1649
blanc1764
blusher1965
1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. (1630) 136 Complexion-makers wee haue..for withered faces.
complexion milk n.
ΚΠ
1938 E. Bowen Death of Heart iii. i. 334 Anna wiped complexion milk off her fingers on to a tissue.
complexion powder n.
ΚΠ
1864 Englishwoman's Domest. Mag. July 117 A complexion-powder called batikha, which is used in all the harems for whitening the skin, is made in the following manner.
1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 34/3 Pozzoni's Complexion Powder.
complexion soap n.
ΚΠ
1895 Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 109/3 Lana Oil Complexion Soap..for preserving the skin and leaving it soft and pliable.
1970 Vogue May 173 (advt.) Our White Rose & Cucumber Complexion soap is very feminine.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

complexionv.

/kəmˈplɛkʃən/
Etymology: < complexion n.; compare French complexionné participial adjective.
1. transitive. To constitute by combination of various elements; to put together, compose. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct
workOE
dighta1175
to set upc1275
graitha1300
formc1300
pitchc1330
compoundc1374
to put togethera1387
performc1395
bigc1400
elementc1400
complexion1413
erect1417
framea1450
edifya1464
compose1481
construe1490
to lay together1530
perstruct1547
to piece together1572
condite1578
conflate1583
compile1590
to put together1591
to set together1603
draw1604
build1605
fabric1623
complicate1624
composit1640
constitute1646
compaginate1648
upa1658
complex1659
construct1663
structurate1664
structure1664
confect1677
to put up1699
rig1754
effect1791
structuralize1913
1413 J. Lydgate Pilgr. of Sowle (1483) iv. xxvi. 71 The sowle of another body, the whiche is complexyoned and formed of more ruder mater.
1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr ii. 12 The Elements of the Christian Religion, of which it was fram'd and complexioned.
a1657 W. Burton Comm. Antoninus his Itinerary (1658) 155 London is a body well complexioned.
2. To give a complexion, colour, or tinge to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > beautify (the skin or complexion) [verb (transitive)] > paint or colour
painta1382
farcec1400
farda1450
parget1581
complexion1612
surfle1633
cerusea1640
petre1656
lacquer1688
whitewasha1704
enamel1804
peachify1853
to mug up1859
highlight1935
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colour [verb (transitive)] > tinge
tinge1577
endamaska1586
betainta1592
touch1609
betinge1821
complexion1861
1612 W. Parkes Curtaine-drawer 41 Our woemen..in curling their tresses, in azuring their veines, in complexioning their cheeks.
1861 L. L. Noble After Icebergs 58 The headland..richly complexioned with red, brown and green.
figurative.1889 Mem. H. Bonar 99 This mode of prophetic interpretation dominated and complexioned all his views.

Derivatives

comˈplexioning n. also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > painting or colouring
fardryc1430
painting1435
popping?c1450
farding1545
licking1549
fucation1612
tincturing1616
complexioning1656
fucusinga1680
highlighting1905
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > treatments
complexioning1656
beauty treatment1882
facial1910
1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 25 The use of any colouring or complexioning of the face or skin.
1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty 198 Ladies complexioning arts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2018).
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英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

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