condensationn.
/kɒndɛnˈseɪʃən/ 1.
a. The action of making or becoming more dense; increase of density; reduction of volume.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > becoming or making dense or solid
congelation1393
indencion1547
condensation1603
consolidation1603
densation1615
incrassation1633
fictation1655
solidation1656
solidification1811
densening1884
densing1888
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] > concentration or condensation
compaction1398
compacting1561
condensation1603
coaction1625
concentration1865
pemmicanization1901
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 1337 Condensation and constipation depresseth and driveth it [matter] downward to the middle.
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall i. 32 By condensation, he reduc'd the Air into a space..eight times narrower.
1831 D. Lardner Pneumatics v. 308 The condensation of air in the receiver.
1878 C. H. H. Parry in Grove Dict. Music I. 159 These waves [of sound] consist of alternate condensation and rarefaction.
b. Optics. Concentration (of light): cf. condense v. 1b, condenser n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > emission of light, radiation > [noun] > meeting point > concentration
condensation1832
1832 A. Pritchard Microsc. Cabinet 189 A condensation by means of a lens.
2. spec. The conversion of a substance from the state of gas or vapour to the liquid, or (rarely) to the solid, condition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > moisture or humidity > [noun] > condensed moisture
precipitation1605
distillation1609
condensation1614
precipitate1832
the world > matter > chemistry > physical chemistry > phases > [noun] > phase transitions > specific
sublimationa1393
fixation1393
liquefaction1477
fusion1555
condensation1614
congealing1762
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. vii. §6. 107 Condensation is a conuersion of ayer into water.
1813 H. Davy Elements Agric. Chem. ii. 33 Cold is produced during evaporation, and heat during the condensation of steam.
1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 333 Names of Gases condensed. Pressure under which Condensation took place.
1878 Glen Public Health Act 1875 (ed. 9) iii. 90 An act..for the more effectual condensation of such gas.
1891 N.E.D. at Condensation Mod. The condensation of milk into a viscous mass.
3.
a. Condensed condition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > becoming or making dense or solid > condensed condition
condensation1626
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §77 A notable instance of Condensation and Induration by Burial under Earth.
1832 D. Brewster Lett. Nat. Magic viii. 186 In a state of condensation or rarefaction.
1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 264 The amazing degree of condensation of the elastic air in the nitre and gun~powder.
b. quasi-concrete. A condensed mass of anything.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > density or solidity > [noun] > a dense or solid thing or body
clota1000
goba1382
massa1382
gobbetc1384
clustera1387
lumpa1400
grume1555
solidity1604
concrescence1610
concression1613
concretion1646
ponderant1656
condensation1665
clumper1673
clue1674
solid1698
clump1699
wodge1847
density1858
boulder1861
doorstop1967
swadge1968
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 413 When..a remission of cold loosens these conjoyned condensations, the several fragments..are violently carried into the Sea.
1725 N. Robinson New Theory of Physick 61 Hail is a Condensation of the same Nitrous Particles.
1865 G. Grote Plato I. i. 19 Condensations of vapours exhaled from the Earth.
4. The action of crowding or condition of being crowded closely together; dense aggregation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [noun] > crowded condition or crowding
press?c1225
thronga1400
frequence1535
thrust1565
frequency1570
throngness1691
squeeze1802
crush1806
crowdedness1823
condensation1828
density1851
1828 W. Sewell Oxf. Prize Ess. 45 The condensation of a manufacturing populace.
5.
a. figurative. The compression of thought or meaning into few words; reduction (of a literary work, etc.) within small or moderate compass by due arrangement, and omission of unessential details.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > conciseness > [noun] > compressed quality > compression
contraction1655
condensation1798
compression1820
compressure1833
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] > summarizing or abridging
bridginga1425
breviation1509
abbreviating1548
abridgement1579
contracting1585
curtailing1586
contraction1655
condensation1798
curtailment1799
epitomization1805
summarizing1808
entailment1822
boiling1898
predigestion1904
1798 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit. (ed. 5) p. xxx The..condensation of thought and expression, which distinguish this poet.
1875 C. Lyell & L. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) I. i. iii. 58 A want of arrangement and condensation in his memoirs.
1879 M. Arnold Guide Eng. Lit. in Mixed Ess. 199 A little condensation..would abridge it by another page.
b. quasi-concrete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] > compendium or abridgment
abridgementa1500
epitome1529
compendie1574
compendiary1589
compendium1589
compend1596
reductory1699
compost1837
condensation1867
redaction1948
1867 Morning Star 5 Aug. 5 Its first leader..is a condensation of sensible thought into clever writing.
1886 J. Morley H. Martineau in Crit. Misc. III. 204 The condensation of Comte's Positive Philosophy..is said..to be hardly free from some too hasty renderings.
c. Concentration (in figurative sense). rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] > increase in intensity > intensify by concentration
concentration1612
condensation1854
1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity I. ii. i. 83 The gradual condensation of the supreme ecclesiastical power in the Supreme Bishop.
6. Organic Chemistry. A reaction in which two similar or identical organic molecules become joined by a carbon-carbon bond, generally with the elimination of a simple molecule (as of water or an alcohol).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [noun] > condensation
condensation1886
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > chemical processes or reactions > [noun] > miscellaneous other
biuret reaction1883
condensation1886
semidine reaction1893
pinacol rearrangement1920
formylation1930
hydrogenolysis1931
polyamidation1946
ene reaction1969
1886 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter Chem. Carbon Compounds 155 Such a union of two or more molecules by the linking of carbon atoms..and the formation of complicated carbon chains is ordinarily termed condensation.
1907 H. D. Haskins & J. L. R. MacLeod Org. Chem. 104 Aldehyde molecules can be made to fuse together, forming a ‘condensation’ product, aldol.
1907 H. D. Haskins & J. L. R. MacLeod Org. Chem. 212 An aldose isomeric with dextrose and galactose can be made by condensation of two molecules of the triose, glyceric aldehyde.
1938 G. H. Richter Textbk. Org. Chem. vii. 109 ‘Mixed’ aldols are produced by the condensation of one aldehyde with another aldehyde.
1958 J. Packer & J. Vaughan Mod. Approach Org. Chem. ix. 222 The complete reaction is a true condensation and is known as the croton condensation, but the first stage is a polymerization and not a true condensation, although it is usually referred to as the aldol condensation.
7. Psychoanalysis. The process by which images characterized by a common affect are grouped so as to form a single composite or a new image.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > theories of Freud > [noun] > grouping of images
condensation1913
1913 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Interpretation of Dreams vi. 262 An abundant condensation of psychic material has taken place in the formation of dreams.
1913 E. Jones Papers on Psycho-anal. 27 Condensation.—Every element in the manifest content represents the fusion of several in the latent thoughts, and vice versa.
1922 J. Riviere tr. S. Freud Introd. Lect. Psycho-anal. 144 The first achievement of the dream-work is Condensation.
1922 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. L. C. Baudouin Stud. Psychoanal. 10 Now one of the most notable of Baudouin's contributions to analytical science, and a matter upon which he differs from the Freudian school, is his careful study of condensation..in its bearings upon representation by symbols.
1930 W. Empson Seven Types Ambiguity vii. 245 It is evident that the Freudian terminology, particularly the word ‘condensation’, could be employed with profit for the understanding of poetry.
1942 J. G. Miller Unconsciousness ix. 239 These are the major points of this statement: Condensation and distortion occur—we have ample proof that memory is alterative.
1958 T. M. French Reintegrative Proc. Psychoanal. Treatm. III. e. 444 The condensation of the two quarreling figures into the single figure of a protesting lady.
Compounds
condensation nucleus n. Meteorology any minute particle suspended in the air around which atmospheric water vapour condenses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > [noun] > particle around which water vapour condenses
condensation nucleus1886
1886 Proc. Royal Soc. Edinb. 13 78 The necessity for a condensation-nucleus.
1913 Sci. Abstr. A. 16 248 (title) Condensation nuclei in the atmosphere.
1926 R. K. Boylan in Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1924–7 (1927) A. 37 58 (title) Atmospheric dust and condensation nuclei.
1957 G. E. Hutchinson Treat. Limnol. I. viii. 549 The calcium sulfate particles, not being hygroscopic, will form a stable aerosol, while the chlorides will act as condensation nuclei.
condensation trail n. a vapour trail.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [noun] > fumes or vapour > cloud or streamer of > specific
vapour trail1941
condensation trail1942
contrail1945
society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > air as medium for operation of aircraft > [noun] > vapour trail
vapour trail1941
condensation trail1942
contrail1945
1942 ‘B. J. Ellan’ Spitfire! xiv. 74 At 25,000 feet I noticed that we were making condensation trails as well and began to wonder when our quarry would see us.
1957 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (new ed.) 51 Condensation trail.
1960 Guardian 10 Nov. 2/5 The F-86 aircraft..sighted condensation trails at a distance of 10 to 15 miles.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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