roden.¹

Brit.

/rəʊd/, U.S.

/roʊd/, Canadian English

/roːd/

Forms: 1600s rood, 1600s roode, 1600s–1700s roade, 1700s– road, 1700s– rode, 1800s– rhode.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: road n.

Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably < road n. (compare forms at that entry, and compare road n. 3a and at road at road n. Phrases 1). Compare later roding n.³It has been suggested (B. Sandahl in Mariner's Mirror (1966) 52 87–9) that the word is short for a Middle English compound rode-rope ( < road n. + rope n.¹). The compounds rodrope and roderope are indeed attested twice each, in late 13th-cent. and 14th-cent. English documents, with the following earliest and latest examples:1295 in Antiquaries Jrnl. (1927) 7 435 In tribus cordis que dicuntur ‘Rodropes’ pro dictis bargeis.1378–81 in Mariner's Mirror (1966) 52 88 Et eidem Johanni pro ij. peciis corde pro Shetes et j. roderope in eadem bargea ponder' lxvij. lb. precium libre j. d. ob.—viij. s. iiij. d. b. However, it is not clear whether rodrope and roderope show variants of a single compound, or two distinct compounds, nor is their meaning or etymology clear. \\( Middle Eng. Dict. at rod(de n. records only the two instances of rodrope , interpreting them as showing rod n.¹ as first element, but does not record roderope.)

North American regional (chiefly New England and Newfoundland). Nautical.

A rope, esp. one attached to the anchor of a boat. Cf. roding n.³

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > anchoring equipment > [noun] > anchor rope or cable

anchor ropeOE

coble?a1400

cablec1400

anchor tow1602

anchor-gable1609

rode1612

anchor line1614

roding1896

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > rope to which trawl or net attached

rode1612

swing-rope1844

1612 Inventory in R. A. Barakat Willoughby Papers (1995) 33 Small coyle of ropes..for boates hallers and roades.

1624 C. Levett Voy. New Eng. 4 At length I caused our Killick (which was all the Anker we had) to be cast forth, and one continually to hold his hand upon the roode or cable.

1679 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VII. 135 A roade taken out of his Boate in the time of ye fire, & made vse of to pull downe houses.

1726 S. Penhallow Hist. Wars New-Eng. 45 They..fir'd..with such resolution, as made them to quit one of their Boats, by cutting their roads and lashings.

1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. I. Gloss. p. xiv The foot of it [sc. a shoal net] is brought to, on a shallop's old rode, and the head, on two fishing-lines.

1843 Newfoundland Indicator 18 Nov. 3 Cordage—viz. Hawsers, Roads, Ratlin, Bolt-rope, [etc.].

1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 12 Manilla Trawl Rhode, large yarn.

1912 Rudder 27 377/1 The worst possible ground tackle..is a rope anchor rode, with a sliding stock anchor at the end of it.

1963 J. T. Rowland North to Adventure x. 147 With both hooks down and a long scope of rode she should be able to ride out anything.

1986 J. Feltham Islands of Bonavista Bay 55 On the fishing grounds, the motor boats, like the bullies, were moored with ‘rodes’ and grapnels.

1996 Chesapeake Bay Mag. Sept. 37/2 Carry a good anchor with plenty of chain and rode.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† roden.²

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch roede.

Etymology: Probably < Dutch (now historical) roede measuring rod, also a unit of measurement of variable length (see rood n.).

English regional (eastern). Obsolete. rare.

A particular length of dyke. Cf. rood n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch

dikec893

gripa1000

ditch1045

fosselOE

water-furrowlOE

sow1316

furrowc1330

rick1332

sewer1402

gripplec1440

soughc1440

grindle1463

sheugh1513

syre1513

rain?1523

trench1523

slough1532

drain1552

fowsie?1553

thorougha1555

rean1591

potting1592

trink1592

syver1606

graft1644

work1649

by-ditch1650

water fence1651

master drain1652

rode1662

pudge1671

gripe1673

sulcus1676

rhine1698

rilling1725

mine1743

foot trench1765

through1777

trench drain1779

trenchlet1782

sunk fence1786

float1790

foot drain1795

tail-drain1805

flow-dike1812

groopa1825

holla1825

thorough drain1824

yawner1832

acequia madre1835

drove1844

leader1844

furrow-drain1858

1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens xxxi. 242/1 That the sewer..should be dyked..before Michaelmasse following, upon pain of every rode not done 3^s. 4^d.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

roden.³

Brit.

/rəʊd/, U.S.

/roʊd/

Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rode v.²

Etymology: Probably < rode v.²

Originally English regional (south-western).

1. The regular flight of wildfowl to and from their feeding grounds. to go to rode: to go to shoot wildfowl at the time of such flight. Cf. rode v.² 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shoot [verb (intransitive)] > manner or type of

grousec1798

to set up1824

to shoot for the stick1834

to go to rode1838

to fire into the brown (of them)1845

set1859

hold ahead1881

hold on1881

rough-shoot1937

1838 W. Holloway Gen. Dict. Provincialisms (at cited word) ‘To go to Rode’, means to go late at night, or early in the morning, to shoot wild fowl, which pass over-head on the wing. Somerset. [Wild fowl always fly to their feeding grounds every night at one regular time, and in one regular direction or ‘road’.]

1873 W. P. Williams & W. A. Jones Gloss. Somersetshire 31 Rode,..also applied to the passage of the birds themselves.

2. The regular display flight of a male woodcock at dusk and dawn during the breeding season. Cf. rode v.² 2. rare.

ΚΠ

1873 W. P. Williams & W. A. Jones Gloss. Somersetshire 31 The woodcocks' rode.

1999 Seasons Spring 46/3 Roding is the woodcock's ritual, and watching the rode (from a respectful distance) is my ritual.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† rodev.¹

Forms: 1600s 1800s road, 1600s–1700s rode.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch roden.

Etymology: Probably < Dutch (now regional) roden to clear (land, a piece of land) of trees, weeds, undergrowth, etc. (Middle Dutch roden ; the standard modern Dutch form is rooien , showing loss of medial -d- and development of a glide instead; compare also the unexplained by-form Middle Dutch roeden , Dutch (now chiefly regional) roeden ), formed similarly to Old Frisian -rothia (only in the compound torothia ), Middle Low German rōden , rāden (German regional (Low German) roden , raden ; > German roden ), all in sense ‘to remove (trees, weeds, undergrowth, etc.) from a piece of land’, all ultimately < the same Germanic base as rid v.

English regional (eastern). Obsolete.

transitive. Esp. in the Fenland of eastern England: to clear (a stream, dyke, etc.) of weeds. Cf. roding n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > clear of refuse [verb (transitive)] > clear stream or channel

rode1616

scavenge1851

1616 Comm. of Sewers in S. Wells Hist. Drainage of Bedford Level (1830) II. App. 53 The said rivers..shall be well and sufficiently roaded, rooked, hooked, haffed, scowered and cleansed..thrice every yeare.

1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens 242 The sewer called the Beche..should be dyked, roded, and scoured.

1767 Plan of Bill for draining & preserving Fen Lands 13 If any such Owner or Occupier shall..neglect to make, or sufficiently to rode, scour, and cleanse such Drove-way, Outring or Division Dyke, [etc.].

1830 S. Wells Hist. Drainage Great Level of Fens I. xxii. 673 The duties..are to superintend the roading and scouring out the mill and other drains.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

rodev.²

Brit.

/rəʊd/, U.S.

/roʊd/

Forms: 1700s rod, 1800s rôde, 1800s– road, 1800s– rode, 1900s– rhode.

Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: road n.

Etymology: Probably < road n. (compare forms at that entry, and also road v.¹, road v.²; compare also the author's comment in quot. 1838 at rode n.³ 1). Perhaps compare cock-road n. Compare later rode n.³, roding n.²

1. intransitive. English regional (south-western). Of wildfowl: to fly to their feeding grounds in the evening. Cf. rode n.³ 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > wild or domestic birds > [verb (intransitive)] > fly landward in evening

rode1768

1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) II. ii. 464 As soon as the evening sets in, the decoy rises (as they term it)... This rising of the decoy in the evening, is in Somersetshire called rodding.

1885 Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 11 188 Gunners..wait in the marshes in the Bristol Channel, in the evening, to shoot wild fowl ‘roding in’ half an hour after sunset.

2. intransitive. Of a male woodcock: to perform a regular display flight at dusk and dawn during the breeding season, with slow wingbeats and distinctive calls. Cf. rode n.³ 2, roding n.², roding adj.The interpretation given in quot. 1866 appears to be due to a misunderstanding.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > fly (of woodcock)

rode1867

1866 J. Sleigh Derbyshire Gloss. in Reliquary 6 166 A woodcock is said to ‘road’ when seeking its food.]

1867 L. Lloyd Game Birds & Wild Fowl Sweden & Norway xiv. 192 When two Woodcocks, whilst ‘rôding’, meet, or come in near proximity, they chase each other.

1907 S. L. Bensusan Wild-life Stories 208 When a woodcock is roding, he must not vary his pace, his flight, or his song.

1991 Bird Watching June 42/4 Woodcock numbers seemed to have increased and are regularly roding in favourable places.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1612

n.²1662

n.³1838

v.¹1616

v.²1768

单词	rode
释义	roden.¹ Brit. /rəʊd/, U.S. /roʊd/, Canadian English /roːd/ Forms: 1600s rood, 1600s roode, 1600s–1700s roade, 1700s– road, 1700s– rode, 1800s– rhode. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Probably a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: road n. Etymology: Origin uncertain; probably < road n. (compare forms at that entry, and compare road n. 3a and at road at road n. Phrases 1). Compare later roding n.³It has been suggested (B. Sandahl in Mariner's Mirror (1966) 52 87–9) that the word is short for a Middle English compound rode-rope ( < road n. + rope n.¹). The compounds rodrope and roderope are indeed attested twice each, in late 13th-cent. and 14th-cent. English documents, with the following earliest and latest examples:1295 in Antiquaries Jrnl. (1927) 7 435 In tribus cordis que dicuntur ‘Rodropes’ pro dictis bargeis.1378–81 in Mariner's Mirror (1966) 52 88 Et eidem Johanni pro ij. peciis corde pro Shetes et j. roderope in eadem bargea ponder' lxvij. lb. precium libre j. d. ob.—viij. s. iiij. d. b. However, it is not clear whether rodrope and roderope show variants of a single compound, or two distinct compounds, nor is their meaning or etymology clear. \\( Middle Eng. Dict. at rod(de n. records only the two instances of rodrope , interpreting them as showing rod n.¹ as first element, but does not record roderope.) North American regional (chiefly New England and Newfoundland). Nautical. A rope, esp. one attached to the anchor of a boat. Cf. roding n.³ ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > anchoring equipment > [noun] > anchor rope or cable anchor ropeOE coble?a1400 cablec1400 anchor tow1602 anchor-gable1609 rode1612 anchor line1614 roding1896 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > rope to which trawl or net attached rode1612 swing-rope1844 1612 Inventory in R. A. Barakat Willoughby Papers (1995) 33 Small coyle of ropes..for boates hallers and roades. 1624 C. Levett Voy. New Eng. 4 At length I caused our Killick (which was all the Anker we had) to be cast forth, and one continually to hold his hand upon the roode or cable. 1679 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1881) VII. 135 A roade taken out of his Boate in the time of ye fire, & made vse of to pull downe houses. 1726 S. Penhallow Hist. Wars New-Eng. 45 They..fir'd..with such resolution, as made them to quit one of their Boats, by cutting their roads and lashings. 1792 G. Cartwright Jrnl. I. Gloss. p. xiv The foot of it [sc. a shoal net] is brought to, on a shallop's old rode, and the head, on two fishing-lines. 1843 Newfoundland Indicator 18 Nov. 3 Cordage—viz. Hawsers, Roads, Ratlin, Bolt-rope, [etc.]. 1883 Great Internat. Fisheries Exhib. Catal. 12 Manilla Trawl Rhode, large yarn. 1912 Rudder 27 377/1 The worst possible ground tackle..is a rope anchor rode, with a sliding stock anchor at the end of it. 1963 J. T. Rowland North to Adventure x. 147 With both hooks down and a long scope of rode she should be able to ride out anything. 1986 J. Feltham Islands of Bonavista Bay 55 On the fishing grounds, the motor boats, like the bullies, were moored with ‘rodes’ and grapnels. 1996 Chesapeake Bay Mag. Sept. 37/2 Carry a good anchor with plenty of chain and rode. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † roden.² Origin: Probably a borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch roede. Etymology: Probably < Dutch (now historical) roede measuring rod, also a unit of measurement of variable length (see rood n.). English regional (eastern). Obsolete. rare. A particular length of dyke. Cf. rood n. 6. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch dikec893 gripa1000 ditch1045 fosselOE water-furrowlOE sow1316 furrowc1330 rick1332 sewer1402 gripplec1440 soughc1440 grindle1463 sheugh1513 syre1513 rain?1523 trench1523 slough1532 drain1552 fowsie?1553 thorougha1555 rean1591 potting1592 trink1592 syver1606 graft1644 work1649 by-ditch1650 water fence1651 master drain1652 rode1662 pudge1671 gripe1673 sulcus1676 rhine1698 rilling1725 mine1743 foot trench1765 through1777 trench drain1779 trenchlet1782 sunk fence1786 float1790 foot drain1795 tail-drain1805 flow-dike1812 groopa1825 holla1825 thorough drain1824 yawner1832 acequia madre1835 drove1844 leader1844 furrow-drain1858 1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens xxxi. 242/1 That the sewer..should be dyked..before Michaelmasse following, upon pain of every rode not done 3^s. 4^d. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020). roden.³ Brit. /rəʊd/, U.S. /roʊd/ Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rode v.² Etymology: Probably < rode v.² Originally English regional (south-western). 1. The regular flight of wildfowl to and from their feeding grounds. to go to rode: to go to shoot wildfowl at the time of such flight. Cf. rode v.² 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shoot [verb (intransitive)] > manner or type of grousec1798 to set up1824 to shoot for the stick1834 to go to rode1838 to fire into the brown (of them)1845 set1859 hold ahead1881 hold on1881 rough-shoot1937 1838 W. Holloway Gen. Dict. Provincialisms (at cited word) ‘To go to Rode’, means to go late at night, or early in the morning, to shoot wild fowl, which pass over-head on the wing. Somerset. [Wild fowl always fly to their feeding grounds every night at one regular time, and in one regular direction or ‘road’.] 1873 W. P. Williams & W. A. Jones Gloss. Somersetshire 31 Rode,..also applied to the passage of the birds themselves. 2. The regular display flight of a male woodcock at dusk and dawn during the breeding season. Cf. rode v.² 2. rare. ΚΠ 1873 W. P. Williams & W. A. Jones Gloss. Somersetshire 31 The woodcocks' rode. 1999 Seasons Spring 46/3 Roding is the woodcock's ritual, and watching the rode (from a respectful distance) is my ritual. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † rodev.¹ Forms: 1600s 1800s road, 1600s–1700s rode. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Dutch. Etymon: Dutch roden. Etymology: Probably < Dutch (now regional) roden to clear (land, a piece of land) of trees, weeds, undergrowth, etc. (Middle Dutch roden ; the standard modern Dutch form is rooien , showing loss of medial -d- and development of a glide instead; compare also the unexplained by-form Middle Dutch roeden , Dutch (now chiefly regional) roeden ), formed similarly to Old Frisian -rothia (only in the compound torothia ), Middle Low German rōden , rāden (German regional (Low German) roden , raden ; > German roden ), all in sense ‘to remove (trees, weeds, undergrowth, etc.) from a piece of land’, all ultimately < the same Germanic base as rid v. English regional (eastern). Obsolete. transitive. Esp. in the Fenland of eastern England: to clear (a stream, dyke, etc.) of weeds. Cf. roding n.¹ ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > clearing of refuse matter > clear of refuse [verb (transitive)] > clear stream or channel rode1616 scavenge1851 1616 Comm. of Sewers in S. Wells Hist. Drainage of Bedford Level (1830) II. App. 53 The said rivers..shall be well and sufficiently roaded, rooked, hooked, haffed, scowered and cleansed..thrice every yeare. 1662 W. Dugdale Hist. Imbanking & Drayning Fens 242 The sewer called the Beche..should be dyked, roded, and scoured. 1767 Plan of Bill for draining & preserving Fen Lands 13 If any such Owner or Occupier shall..neglect to make, or sufficiently to rode, scour, and cleanse such Drove-way, Outring or Division Dyke, [etc.]. 1830 S. Wells Hist. Drainage Great Level of Fens I. xxii. 673 The duties..are to superintend the roading and scouring out the mill and other drains. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2020). rodev.² Brit. /rəʊd/, U.S. /roʊd/ Forms: 1700s rod, 1800s rôde, 1800s– road, 1800s– rode, 1900s– rhode. Origin: Probably formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: road n. Etymology: Probably < road n. (compare forms at that entry, and also road v.¹, road v.²; compare also the author's comment in quot. 1838 at rode n.³ 1). Perhaps compare cock-road n. Compare later rode n.³, roding n.² 1. intransitive. English regional (south-western). Of wildfowl: to fly to their feeding grounds in the evening. Cf. rode n.³ 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > wild or domestic birds > [verb (intransitive)] > fly landward in evening rode1768 1768 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (new ed.) II. ii. 464 As soon as the evening sets in, the decoy rises (as they term it)... This rising of the decoy in the evening, is in Somersetshire called rodding. 1885 Notes & Queries 6th Ser. 11 188 Gunners..wait in the marshes in the Bristol Channel, in the evening, to shoot wild fowl ‘roding in’ half an hour after sunset. 2. intransitive. Of a male woodcock: to perform a regular display flight at dusk and dawn during the breeding season, with slow wingbeats and distinctive calls. Cf. rode n.³ 2, roding n.², roding adj.The interpretation given in quot. 1866 appears to be due to a misunderstanding. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Scolopacidae (snipes, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > fly (of woodcock) rode1867 1866 J. Sleigh Derbyshire Gloss. in Reliquary 6 166 A woodcock is said to ‘road’ when seeking its food.] 1867 L. Lloyd Game Birds & Wild Fowl Sweden & Norway xiv. 192 When two Woodcocks, whilst ‘rôding’, meet, or come in near proximity, they chase each other. 1907 S. L. Bensusan Wild-life Stories 208 When a woodcock is roding, he must not vary his pace, his flight, or his song. 1991 Bird Watching June 42/4 Woodcock numbers seemed to have increased and are regularly roding in favourable places. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1612n.²1662n.³1838v.¹1616v.²1768
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roden.1

† roden.2

roden.3

† rodev.1

rodev.2

roden.¹

† roden.²

roden.³

† rodev.¹

rodev.²